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Factors influencing biodeposit production by the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii
Kevin J. Collier Susan J. Clearwater Paula H. M. W. Neijenhuis Susanna A. Wood 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(1):1-15
Laboratory experiments on the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii were used to investigate the short-term effects (7–8 days) of food type on rates of biodeposition and benthic substrate respiration. Post-feeding biodeposition rates ranged from 0.34 to 1.52?mg?g?1?h?1 (mean?=?0.50?mg g?1?h?1) and were unaffected by the addition of toxin-producing Microcystis. Addition of suspended sediment (30?mg?L?1) visibly altered substrate composition, and increased total and inorganic biodeposit production rates by 24–33% compared to mussels fed commercial phytoplankton stock. Biodeposition rates of mussels in lake bed substrates were 38% higher than those in silica sand for identical feeding regimes, suggesting that a significant proportion of material produced in this experiment could have been derived from feeding on organic matter in the lake bed sediments. Respiration rates were higher in treatments with Microcystis but were unaffected by the presence of mussels. This laboratory study suggests that biodeposition by E. menziesii is resilient to short-term exposure to Microcystis, and highlights the ability of mussels to alter benthic substrate composition by incorporating suspended sediment into substrates. 相似文献
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Suspended Particles: Their Role in Estuarine Biogeochemical Cycles 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Suspended particles are instrumental in controlling the reactivity, transport and biological impacts of substances in aquatic environments, and provide a crucial link for chemical constituents between the water column, bed sediment and food chain. This article reviews the role of suspended particles in the chemical and biological cycling of trace constituents (trace metals, organo-metallic compounds and hydrophobic organic micropollutants; HOMs) in estuaries, with particular emphasis on the effects of and changes to particle reactivity and composition.The partitioning (or distribution coefficient,KD ) and bioavailability of chemical constituents, and assimilation efficiency (AE) of such by bivalve suspension feeders, are identified as key parameters requiring definition for accurate biogeochemical modelling, and the discussion centres around the determination of and controls on these parameters. Particle-water interactions encompass a variety of physical, biological, electrostatic and hydrophobic effects, and are largely dependent on the character and concentration of suspended particles and salinity. The salinity-dependence results from the competing and complexing effects of seawater ions for trace metals, and the compression of water in the presence of dissolved seawater ions and consequent salting out of neutral solute (HOMs, organo-metallic compounds and some trace metal complexes). The extent of biological solubilization of chemical constituents from suspended particles is dependent on the nature of chemical components of the gastro-intestinal environment and their interactions with ingested particles, and the physiological (e.g. gut passage time) and chemical (e.g. redox conditions and pH) constraints imposed on these interactions. Generally, chemicals that associate with fine, organic-rich particles (or, for some HOMs, fine inorganic particles), and desorb at pH 5–6 and/or complex with digestive enzymes or surfactants are most readily solubilized in the gut. The extent of assimilation of solubilized chemical is then determined by its ability to pass the gut lining and partition into cytosolic material.In practice, KD and AE are determined experimentally by means of radiotracers added to contained suspensions or mesocosms, while operational measurement of bioavailability relies on in vitro chemical or biological (enzymatic) extraction of particles. What is lacking, however, and is identified as an ultimate goal of future research, is the ability to predict these parameters from theoretical principles and thermodynamic constants. Since many of the inherent interactions and mechanisms are controlled by particle composition and reactivity, a more immediate objective would be better characterization of the biogeochemical properties of suspended particles themselves. This includes chemical resolution of the bulk organic matter, definition of the abundance and synergistic effects of component sorbent phases, and determination of the effects of particle-seawater ion interactions on the reactivity of the particle surface. 相似文献
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应用生物扰动实验系统(Annular Flux System)研究双壳类生物沉降作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用不锈钢环形采泥器 ,在胶州湾潮间带沿天然断面选取典型站位 ,现场采取无扰动沉积物样品 ,应用生物扰动实验系统 (Annular Flux System) ,选用菲律宾蛤仔 (Ruditapes philippinarum)和缢蛏 (Sinonovacula constricta) ,在实验室内进行实验。结果表明 :菲律宾蛤仔个体的生物沉降率平均为 0 .15g/ m2 · h· ind,平均净生物沉降率为自然颗粒沉降率的 3.0 5倍 ;缢蛏个体的生物沉降率平均为 0 .2 9g/ m2·h· ind,平均净生物沉降率为自然颗粒沉降率的 2 .6 3倍。 相似文献
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水层-底栖耦合生态动力学研究的某些进展 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
张志南 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(1):115-122
概述浅海生态系的水层系统与底栖系统耦合的基本原理,着重介绍有机质沉降动力学、底栖生态系统对有机质的响应、生物沉降和侧向平流、生物扰动和沉积物再悬浮研究的进展,结语中提出应予优先支持研究的科学问题。 相似文献
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菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)对潮间带水层-沉积物界面颗粒通量影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究利用中型生物扰动系统 (AFS)对胶州湾薛家岛潮间带菲律宾蛤仔 (Ruditapesphilippinarum)养殖断面和非养殖断面的中潮和低潮 4个站位的生物沉降和沉积物的再悬浮过程进行测定。结果表明生物沉降作用与大型滤食性双壳类动物 -菲律宾蛤仔的丰度呈显著的正相关关系 (r=0 .984 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,养殖断面的生物沉降作用要明显地大于非养殖断面。在菲律宾蛤仔的低密度区 ,生物沉降的作用小于自然沉降 ,而在其养殖的高密度区 ,生物沉降率约为自然沉降率的4倍。薛家岛潮间带沉积物的临界侵蚀速率为 17.4～ 2 0 .4 cm/ s。沉积物的稳定性与所测生物因子的关系不密切 (P>0 .0 5 )。作者推测两个断面中潮站位沉积物的相对易侵蚀性 ,可能是由于此处环境受到某些大型动物及高潮带人工养殖带来的扰动所致 相似文献
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2012年7月,在荣成天鹅湖用自行研制的沉积物捕集器现场测定底内动物菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和底上动物长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的生物沉积速率,以建立潮间带贝类生物沉积的现场测定方法,并评价两种贝类对潮间带生态环境的影响。结果表明:各组内沉积物重量差异不显著,处理组与对照组的沉积物重量差异显著(F=58.047,P=0.000),测得的生物沉积速率与文献具有可比性,因此可以推测新型生物沉积物捕集器适用于浅水区(潮间带),能够准确测定生物沉积速率。在平均水温18.8°C条件下,菲律宾蛤仔和长牡蛎都具有较高的生物沉积速率。壳长(25.0±1.5)mm、软体干重(0.12±0.03)g的菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率为(44.92±4.12)mg/(ind·d);壳长(29.8±1.3)mm、软体干重(0.23±0.05)g的菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率为(54.84±7.77)mg/(ind·d);壳长(98.8±14.1)mm、软体干重(3.94±0.66)g的长牡蛎生物沉积速率为(1069.01±212.24)mg/(ind·d)。作为天鹅湖海区两种典型贝类,据估算,每平方米面积内的蛤仔和长牡蛎每天分别将29.9g、15.0g的悬浮颗粒物通过滤食和排粪沉积到底层,增强了水层-底栖系统的耦合作用。 相似文献
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