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The zoogeography of marine Bryozoa around South Africa was investigated using published distribution records, museum catalogues, and an examination of previously unworked bryozoan material in (mostly) museum collections. Although a total of 276 valid species are recognised, it was not possible to unambiguously assess geographic patterns of diversity. At all depth zones examined (shore and inner-shelf, 0–30 m; mid- and outer-shelf, 31–350 m; bathyal, >500 m), there was a clear geographic structure to communities that mirrored established regional patterns of biogeography. Too few samples were collected from the shelf edge (351–500 m) and they were consequently excluded from zoogeographic analysis. Communities on the shore and inner-shelf and on the mid- and outer-shelf were more similar to each other than they were to bathyal communities, and the pronounced structure in bathyal communities suggests heterogeneity in the deep sea around South Africa.  相似文献   
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Juliet Fall 《GeoJournal》2002,58(4):243-251
Rather than creating unproblematic `natural' spaces, the definition of boundaries within protected areas formally reifies the modernist duality of nature and culture, leading to practical management conflicts between protected area managers. The current conception of protected area boundaries is the result of the historical construction of nature and space. The argument retraces the changes in the way these boundaries appeared and were subsequently defined in four consecutive `World Congress on National Parks'. The corresponding changes in the definition of insider and outsider are discussed, linked to the conception of what is `natural' in the landscape. Such conceptions need to be examined critically, particularly if the expressed desire of transcending the modernist divide is to be realised in the future.  相似文献   
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In the late 1970s, a concept of an ecological network in former Czechoslovakia, called the Territorial System of Ecological Stability (TSES) was formulated as a response to large-scale natural and semi-natural habitat fragmentation and loss. In the Czech Republic, the TSES concept is a part of the environmental legislation, namely of the act on the conservation of nature and the landscape. The whole system is the network of ecologically significant segments of landscape, efficiently distributed on the basis of functional and spatial criteria, covering biotic, hydrological, soil and relief conditions. It consists of biocentres, corridors and buffer zones. The TSES is established at three hierarchical levels: local, regional and supra-regional (=national). In the article, a methodology for establishing the supra-regional TSES is presented in more detail.  相似文献   
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