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A promising technique for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater streams involved firstly the ions adsorption on a colloidal precipitate (carrier) and then the separation of the loaded flocs (coagula) by a modified column flotation. Here, the effluent feed and the carrier (ferric hydroxide) enter smoothly by the top of the column through a special diffuser, in counter current with rising bubbles (100–600 μm diameter) generated by using recycled water, surfactant and air suction through a venturi. High separation values of the column flotation of the carrier precipitates were achieved, despite the high superficial flow rate and the high Fe+ 3 concentration utilized (> 60 mg L− 1 Fe). No rupture of colloidal carrier aggregates was observed and a low split was ensured by monitoring the concentrate (floated product) flow rate. Results indicated that best separation was attained by controlling the medium pH (for best heavy metal ion adsorption onto the carrier), followed by sodium oleate, used as “collector” and optimizing operating parameters (conditioning, flow rates, etc.). The column throughput reached 43 m h− 1 (m3 m− 2 h− 1), which is about 4 times the normal capacity of DAF-dissolved air flotation unit, the most used floater in wastewater treatment. Various metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, etc.) and molybdate ions present in synthetic and real effluent were successfully removed based on this colloidal adsorbing flotation principle. The process was also applied in a pilot scale to treat an industrial electroplating wastewater. Most of toxic metals (Cu, Ni and Zn) were reduced from initial concentrations of about of 2 to 10 mg L− 1, to below 0.5 to 1.0 mg L− 1, meeting local municipal discharge limits (but Cd ions). It is believed that flotation separation using medium-sized bubbles has great potential as a clean water and wastewater treatment technology. 相似文献
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基于微纳气泡示踪的拖曳法ADCP流速测试 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
声学多普勒剖面流速仪(ADCP)设备在水文领域保有量大、应用广,但如何对其进行量值溯源,确保现场测量数据准确可靠是用户非常关注的问题。分析ADCP的测试现状,阐述ADCP的6个测试参数,分析出流速测试是核心;利用微纳气泡作为示踪粒子,尝试解决静止水体无反射粒子的问题,为ADCP流速测试提供支撑;以TRDI的WHR600-1型ADCP为例,说明ADCP流速测试过程和试验数据处理方法。得出微纳米气泡是ADCP拖曳水槽水跟踪测试较好的示踪物质,进而实现ADCP水跟踪流速测试。为拖曳水槽ADCP测试改造建设提供技术思路,并给出实验室测试建议。 相似文献
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Kohji Tomisaka 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,298(3):797-810
The importance of the interstellar magnetic field is studied in relation to the evolution of superbubbles with a three-dimensional (3D) numerical magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulation. A superbubble is a large supernova remnant driven by sequential supernova explosions in an OB association. Its evolution is affected by the density stratification in the galactic disc. After the superbubble size reaches 2–3 times the density scaleheight, it expands preferentially in the z -direction, until finally it can punch out a hole in the gas disc (blowout). On the other hand, the magnetic field running parallel to the galactic disc has the effect of preventing it from expanding in the direction perpendicular to the field. The density stratification and the magnetic fields have completely opposite effects on the evolution of the superbubble. We present results of a 3D MHD simulation in which both effects are included. As a result, it is concluded that when the magnetic field has a much larger scaleheight than the density, even for a model in which the bubble would blow out from the disc if the magnetic field were absent, a magnetic field with a strength of 5 μG can confine the bubble in | z |≲300 pc for ≃ 20 Myr (confinement). In a model in which the field strength decreases in the halo as B ∝ ρ1/2 , the superbubble eventually blows out like a model with B = 0 even if the magnetic field in the mid-plane is as strong as B = 5 μG. 相似文献
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Entrapped biogenic gas in peat can greatly affect peatland biogeochemical and hydrological processes by altering volumetric water content, peat buoyancy, and ‘saturated’ hydraulic conductivity, and by generating over‐pressure zones. These over‐pressure zones further affect hydraulic gradients which influence water and nutrient flow direction and rate. The dynamics of entrapped gas are of global interest because the loss of this gas to the atmosphere via ebullition (bubbling) is likely the dominant transport mechanism of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere from peatlands, which are the largest natural terrestrial source per annum of atmospheric CH4. We investigated the relationship between atmospheric pressure and temperature on volumetric gas content (VGC) and CH4 ebullition using a laboratory peat core incubation experiment. Peat cores were incubated at three temperatures (one core at 4 °C, three cores at 11 °C, and one core at 20 °C) in sealed PVC cylinders, instrumented to measure VGC, pore‐water CH4 concentrations, and ebullition (volume and CH4 concentrations). Ebullition events primarily occurred (71% of the time) during periods of falling atmospheric pressure. The duration of the drop in atmospheric pressure had a larger control on ebullition volume than the magnitude of the drop. VGC in the 20 °C core increased from the onset of the experiment and reached a fluctuating but time‐averaged constant level between experiment day 30 and 115. The change in VGC was low for the 11 °C cores for the initial period of the experiment but showed large increases when the growth chamber temperature increased to 20 °C due to a malfunction. The core maintained at 4 °C showed only a small increase in entrapped gas content throughout the experiment. The 20 °C core showed the largest increase in VGC. The increases in VGC occurred despite pore‐water concentrations of CH4 being below the equilibrium solubility level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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