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1.
为揭示广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体的时空分布特征,探讨其与水体环境因素的关系,于2016年12月至2017年6月对该海域29个站位进行了6次综合调查。结果表明,调查海域球形棕囊藻囊体丰度介于0—4.09×10~4col/m~3,12月至次年3月囊体丰度较高;西南深水区域囊体丰度呈现逐月递减趋势,而广西和雷州半岛近岸海域囊体丰度呈现先升高再降低的趋势。相关性分析显示该海域囊体丰度与水温、磷酸盐和硅酸盐浓度呈显著负相关(P0.01);与叶绿素a浓度、溶解氧呈显著正相关(P0.01);在局部区域与盐度呈显著正相关(P0.01),与硝酸盐浓度呈显著负相关(P0.01)。典型站位分析结果显示球形棕囊藻囊体丰度的变化趋势与其他浮游植物的相同,而与群落多样性指数的变化趋势相反。球形棕囊藻囊体的时空分布主要取决于环境条件的变化,也会受到其他浮游植物群落结构改变的影响。  相似文献   
2.
微囊藻群体总RNA提取方法的比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
微囊藻群体富含多糖类物质是影响微囊藻RNA提取的关键因素.为了获得高质量的微囊藻群体总RNA,对比分析4种针对多糖含量较高的方法——方法 1 PGTX-bead法、方法 2 CTAB-bead法、方法 3 Fast RNAPro Blue Kit和方法 4RNeasy Mini Kit对微囊藻群体总RNA的提取效果.采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测微囊藻群体RNA的完整性,Nanodrop ND1000分光光度计检测RNA纯度及浓度,并采用q PCR检测DNA污染情况.结果表明,4种方法都能从微囊藻群体中提取获得RNA,并在去除DNA后都可以进行RT-PCR等后续实验.方法 1 PGTX-bead提取的RNA产量最高,纯度好,DNA污染小,成本低,适合从微囊藻群体中大量提取RNA;方法 2 CTAB-bead提取的RNA样品产量也较高,但DNA污染严重,适合需要同时提取DNA和RNA的样本;方法 3 Fast RNAPro Blue Kit和方法 4 RNeasy Mini Kit提取的RNA产量都较低,但方法 4操作简单,耗时短,所检测目的基因的相对表达量较高,更适合从少量的微囊藻群体中提取总RNA.  相似文献   
3.
Proposals for wind farms in areas of known importance for breeding seabirds highlight the need to understand the impacts of these structures. Using an energetic modelling approach, we examine the effects of wind farms as barriers to movement on seabirds of differing morphology. Additional costs, expressed in relation to typical daily energetic expenditures, were highest per unit flight for seabirds with high wing loadings, such as cormorants. Taking species-specific differences into account, costs were relatively higher in terns, due to the high daily frequency of foraging flights. For all species, costs of extra flight to avoid a wind farm appear much less than those imposed by low food abundance or adverse weather, although such costs will be additive to these. We conclude that adopting a species-specific approach is essential when assessing the impacts of wind farms on breeding seabird populations, to fully anticipate the effects of avoidance flights.  相似文献   
4.
Marine plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans, and has been found in high concentrations in oceanic gyres of both the northern and southern hemispheres. The number of studies demonstrating plastic debris at seabird colonies and plastic ingestion by adult seabirds has increased over the past few decades. Despite the recent discovery of a large aggregation of plastic debris in the South Pacific subtropical gyre, the incidence of plastics at seabird colonies in New Zealand is unknown. Between 2011 and 2012 we surveyed six offshore islands on the northeast coast of New Zealand’s North Island for burrow-nesting seabird colonies and the presence of plastic fragments. We found non-research related plastic fragments (0.031 pieces/m2) on one island only, Ohinau, within dense flesh-footed shearwater (Puffinus carneipes) colonies. On Ohinau, we found a linear relationship between burrow density and plastic density, with 3.5 times more breeding burrows in areas with plastic fragments found. From these data we conclude that plastic ingestion is a potentially a serious issue for flesh-footed shearwaters in New Zealand. Although these results do not rule out plastic ingestion by other species, they suggest the need for further research on the relationship between New Zealand’s pelagic seabirds and marine plastic pollution.  相似文献   
5.
垃圾场环境中的微生态效应初探   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在垃圾堆埋环境中的微生态特征较为复杂,其微生态效应是其中各种超背景聚集有害物质发生降解、转化的表现。它既存在有利于生态环境防护的一面,也存在造成一定时段内局部生态系统中的物质循环失调而引发的生态环境污染。本文对调查的北京市垃圾场地中的典型场地,进行了以细菌总数、大肠杆菌、硝化菌、反硝化菌、硫酸盐还原菌、排硫杆菌、脱氮硫杆菌和铁细菌等为侧重点的微生态特征研究。文中主要基于调查评价和污染治理目的,侧重阐述了上述菌群在相关垃圾场地中的含量分布与效应特征,以期为相关研究或工程治理提供科学依据。  相似文献   
6.
以太湖微囊藻群体为研究对象,研究低频超声作用下,4种超声强度和不同处理时间对微囊藻群体的抑制效应,试图得出最优超声参数,同时探讨超声处理后的微囊藻群体对光照和温度的响应.结果表明,当超声强度为0.0353 W/cm~3、处理时间为60 s时,藻细胞沉降量高达80%,且此时藻细胞浓度和叶绿素a浓度均保持不变,表明超声未破碎藻细胞,细胞内含物不会泄漏污染水质,因此作为最优超声参数.随后,对超声处理后的微囊藻群体在不同光照和温度条件下进行恢复培养,结果表明光照和温度均能影响微囊藻群体的浮力恢复,但光照的影响更明显,当光照度为2000 lx时,藻细胞在培养120 h后漂浮率恢复至对照组水平.超声后的藻细胞在较低温度(≤20℃)下漂浮率无显著变化,而在较高温度(25℃)下,培养72 h后漂浮率迅速升高,至120 h能恢复至对照组水平的80%左右.因此,野外超声控藻应选择低光强、低温的时段,采用间歇式多次处理,抑制微囊藻群体上浮,使其彻底沉降.  相似文献   
7.
ABSTRACT. Pogroms in the Russian Pale in 1881 set off a wave of immigration of Russian Jews to the United States. Most went to the cities, but an important group, with the support of philanthropic organizations, became part of an experiment in Jewish agricultural colonies. South Jersey's Alliance and Woodbine were the most successful. Both were established on undeveloped land, and the landscape that emerged suggests the importance the funders placed on using landscape as a means of Americanization.  相似文献   
8.
The trophic efficiency of the planktonic food web in the Phaeocystis-dominated ecosystem of the Belgian coastal waters was inferred from the analysis of the carbon flow network of the planktonic system subdivided into its different trophodynamic groups. A carbon budget was constructed on the basis of process-level field experiments conducted during the spring bloom period of 1998. Biomass and major metabolic activities of auto- and heterotrophic planktonic communities (primary production, bacterial production, nanoproto-, micro- and mesozooplankton feeding activities) were determined in nine field assemblages collected during spring at reference station 330. In 1998, the phytoplankton spring flowering was characterised by a moderate diatom bloom followed by a massive Phaeocystis colony bloom. Phaeocystis colonies, contributing 70% to the net primary production, escaped the linear food chain while the early spring diatom production supplied 74% of the mesozooplankton carbon uptake. The rest of mesozooplankton food requirement was, at the time of the Phaeocystis colony bloom, partially fulfilled by microzooplankton. Only one-third of the microzooplankton production, however, was controlled by mesozooplankton grazing pressure. Ungrazed Phaeocystis colonies were stimulating the establishment of a very active microbial network. On the one hand, the release of free-living cells from ungrazed colonies has been shown to stimulate the growth of microzooplankton, which was controlling 97% of the nanophytoplankton production. On the other hand, the disruption of ungrazed Phaeocystis colonies supplied the water column with large amounts of dissolved organic matter available for planktonic bacteria. The budget calculation suggests that ungrazed colonies contributed up to 60% to the bacterial carbon demand, while alternative sources (exudation, zooplankton egestion and lysis of other organisms) provided some 30% of bacterial carbon requirements. This suggests that the spring carbon demand of planktonic bacteria was satisfied largely by autogenic production. The trophic efficiency was defined as the ratio between mesozooplankton grazing on a given source and food production. In spite of its major contribution to mesozooplankton feeding, the trophic efficiency of the linear food chain, restricted to the grazing on diatoms, represented only 5.6% of the available net primary production. The trophic efficiency of the microbial food chain, the ratio between mesozooplankton grazing on microzooplankton and the resource inflow (the bacterial carbon demand plus the nanophytoplankton production) amounted to only 1.6%. These low trophic efficiencies together with the potential contribution of ungrazed Phaeocystis-derived production to the bacterial carbon demand suggest that during spring 1998 most of the Phaeocystis-derived production in the Belgian coastal area was remineralised in the water column.  相似文献   
9.
The massive decolonisation of the post World War II era resulted in a new political map of the world. The great majority of the new independent states were essentially coincident with the former administrative colonies. However, in a quarter of cases the ending of colonial status did not result in the emergence of a sovereign state. The colonial powers sought to reduce the number of small and potentially weak states by various mechanisms. Thus colonial mergers took place between administrative units within the same empire, and only occasionally between units in different empires. Some dependencies were absorbed by more powerful neighbours and others incorporated into the political structure of the metropolitan power. Prior to 1960, in terms of population and size, the colonies which failed to achieve statehood at independence were substantially smaller than those which did. Thereafter there was little to distinguish them. The legacy of the merged colonies has ranged from successful secessionist movements to integrated states. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
10.
Soil enzyme activities can be used as indicators of microbial activity and soil fertility. In this paper, the activities of invertase (IA), phosphatase (PA) and urease (UA) were investigated in tundra ...  相似文献   
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