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1.
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯及其异构体的好氧微生物降解 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
3种苯二甲酸二甲酯异构体(邻、间和对苯二甲酸二甲酯)主要应用于化学工业,作为增塑剂和生产聚酯的原料。用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为惟一碳源,从红树林底泥中驯化、富集、培养、分离得到的微生物对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethylphthalate,DMP)及其异构体对苯二甲酸二甲酯(Terephthalate,DMT)和间苯二甲酸二甲酯(Isophthalate,DMI)具有较强的降解作用。此菌株16SrDNA分子生物学的鉴定为Rhodococcusruber1k。实验得出该菌能够在苯二甲酸二甲酯作为惟一碳源和能源的培养基中生长。浓度为50mg·L-1的DMP、DMI和DMT分别在6、10、11d内可以完全被降解;DMP能够在好氧条件下被该菌快速降解,生成邻苯二甲酸一甲酯(monomethylphthalate,MMP)和邻苯二甲酸(phthalicacid,PA)2种主要中间产物,最终可以完全矿化成CO2和H2O;该菌对DMI和DMT的降解速度则比DMP慢。两者的降解中间产物间苯二甲酸一甲酯(MMI)和对苯二甲酸一甲酯(MMT)却不能被Rhodococcusruber1k继续降解而在培养基中积累。结果表明苯二甲酸二甲基酯的3种异构体能够被红树林底泥中的土著微生物降解。降解速度及降解途径与底物的化学结构有密切关系。 相似文献
2.
The Arctic has become a sink for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) originating from lower latitudes, and relatively high levels have been found in different biota. Recent studies have identified detrimental effects on wildlife including endocrine disruption, impairment of enzyme activity, and reduced immune function. The Arctic spider crab, Hyas araneus, shown interesting potential for its use as sentinel organism in polar ecosystems. This study investigated the effect of 2,2',4,4'-tetra bromo diphenyl ether (BPDE), bisphenol A (BPA), and diallyl phthalte (DPA) on H. araneus in a three weeks exposure study. Expression of multixenibiotic resistance (MXR) proteins has been studied using the C219 monoclonal antibody which allows identifying an immunoreactive protein of 40 kDa in the digestive gland while no such protein could be observed in the gills. Expression of this protein was increased by exposure to DPA (+75%; p<0.05, n=10). All compounds significantly affected muscle acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity (p<0.05, n=10) with 50 microg/L DPA having the strongest effect by lowering the value to 37% of control. The total oxyradical scavenging capacity measured in the digestive gland toward peroxyl, hydroxyl and peroxynitrite was also significantly reduced indicating a decreased resistance to oxidative stress generated by DPA (p<0.05, n=5). These results thus suggest the potential detrimental effects of DPA even at concentration as low as 50 microg/L on H. araneus. 相似文献
3.
Dan Zhang Hui Liu Ying Liang Cheng Wang Hecheng Liang Hesheng Cai 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(1):73-79
Samples of groundwater were collected from 17 sites in the Jianghan plain in July 2007. Sixteen phthalate esters (PAEs) were
detected in samples collected by using solid-phase extraction (SPE)-gas chromatography (GC). The results show that there were
one or several PAEs in all the samples, and the concentrations of total PAEs ranged from 80.12 to 1882.18 ng/L. Four PAEs,
i.e. di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), bis (2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate (BEEP) and di (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate DEHP) were the dominant species. Among these, DIBP, DBP and DEHP concentrations were closely related to the water
supply from the Yangtze River, Hanjiang River and Honghu Lake. However, the distribution of BEEP was irregular, which may
be due to the application of some kind of products containing BEEP in the related areas. PAE distribution was irrelevant to
the electrical conductivity and sample depth. 相似文献
4.
Lourdes Vazquez‐Gomez Achille de Battisti Sergio Ferro Monica Cerro Silvia Reyna Carlos A. Martínez‐Huitle Marco A. Quiroz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(4):408-415
The electrochemical oxidation (EO) of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in aqueous solution was studied at Pb/PbO2 and Ti/SnO2 anode materials under galvanostatic‐experimental conditions. Results obtained clearly demonstrated that the anode plays a significant role for the optimization of the oxidation process, deciding the mechanisms and by‐products formed. DEP and by‐products of oxidation were also analyzed during various stages of the electrolysis reaction by HPLC and GC/MS techniques. Before the analysis by GC/MS technique, the samples were treated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) in order to concentrate the compounds from the reaction solution and identify all electrolysis intermediates. Current efficiencies (instantaneous current efficiency; ICE and total current efficiency; TCE) achieved during EO experiments were dependent on anode used and current density (20–40 mA cm?2) at 40°C. The results obtained demonstrated that the environmental electrochemical methods can be a feasible alternative for the wastewater treatment containing hazardous phthalates. 相似文献
5.
As the most widely used plasticizers in the world, phthalate esters (PAEs) are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs). In the present study, the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP),diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on embryogenesis and larvae development of the marine univalve Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was examined in laboratory. The results show that the malformation of embryos appeared during the experiment, such as embryos died or lysed, small transparent flocculent rings studded on the periphery of the embryo, and the larvae could failed to hatch. In embryo toxic test, embryos incubated at the highest concentration of DMP,DEP and DBP solutions showed significantly high abnormal rate compared with the control, while DEHP solutions displayed no significant difference. In larval toxic test, in all concentrations of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions, larval settlement rates were low significantly than that of the control. Similarly, DEHP solutions show nearly no effect on the larval settlement. The order of toxicity on embryos and larvae is DBP>DEP>DMP>DEHP. Being a simple and easy stimulation to indoor spawn, sensitive to environmental factors, and short culture time, the embryos of 1-1. diversicolor supertexta can be used to indicate toxicity of the PAEs. 相似文献
6.
酞酸酯对龙须菜的生态毒理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了酞酸酯类化合物对龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)生长的影响以及酞酸酯在龙须菜体内的积累状况。结果表明,在邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酯二异辛酯(DEHP)4种酞酸酯混合质量浓度为0.05,0.10,0.20和0.40 mg/L的暴露条件下,龙须菜的相对生长速率和叶绿素a含量均受到了明显影响。与对照组比较,在高质量浓度处理组(0.1~0.4 mg/L)中,两指标分别下降了18.4%~21.3%和10.4%~15.3%,致毒效应与酞酸酯暴露浓度呈正相关。在受控水体的暴露试验中,利用气相色谱(GC-FID)分析表明,4种酞酸酯类(DMP,DEP,DBP和DEHP)在龙须菜体内均有一定程度的积累,其残留量分别为0~0.14 mg/kg,0~0.83 mg/kg,0.11~1.89 mg/kg,0.01~10.4 mg/kg,其积累程度与酞酸酯分子结构相关,侧链较长的酞酸酯比侧链较短的积累量要大,并随处理浓度的增加和时间推移呈增加趋势。 相似文献
7.
Adsorption behaviour of dibutyl phthalate on marine sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption behaviour of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on marine sediments collected from five different sites in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong. DBP adsorption can be well described by the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum DBP adsorption capacity (Q(max)) of the marine sediments ranges from 53 to 79 mg g(-1), which has a positive correlation with their organic content. Around 90% of the organic can be removed from the sediments with treatment by H(2)O(2) oxidation, and the Q(max) then decreases to a range between 13 and 22 mg g(-1). The black carbon content of the sediments has a much greater DBP adsorption capacity than does the natural organic matter of the sediments. The amount of DBP adsorbed on the sediments increases as the salinity of the marine water increases. 相似文献
8.
超声波萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)是环境激素类物质中的一类化合物。文章对土壤中6种被美国EPA列入"优先监测污染物名单"的PAEs类物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、二乙酯(DEP)、二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、二辛酯(DOP)、丁基苄基酯(BBP)邻苯二甲酸酯经超声波萃取、柱层析净化后,采用高效液相色谱法测定。对影响加标回收率的实验条件如萃取溶剂比例、萃取时间和萃取溶剂的选择等进行优化。方法回收率为94.1%～108.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.70%～2.42%,方法检出限为0.003～0.009μg/g。建立的方法样品前处理简单、快速,溶剂用量少,液相色谱法分析6种PAEs类物质仅用10 min,适用于大批量土壤样品中PAEs类物质的测定。 相似文献
9.
气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
应用加速溶剂萃取,气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物。对邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的提取溶剂进行了优化选择,确定二氯甲烷作为最佳提取溶剂。对色谱柱升温程序进行了优化,以使两个出峰时间较接近的目标物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)能够达到基线分离。方法标准曲线的线性范围为0.50～20.0mg/L,线性相关系数均大于0.9970,方法检出限为67μg/kg,加标回收率为81.9%～111.4%。方法检出限较低,精密度好,简便快速,可满足大批量样品分析对质量和进度的要求。 相似文献
10.
Knut-Erik Tollefsen Joris F. A. Meys Jorid Frydenlund Jrgen Stenersen 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5)
Environmental chemicals may modulate the endocrine system through interaction with plasma sex steroid-binding proteins (SBP) and SBP-regulated processes. Some of these chemicals, which are known to interact with the estrogen receptor (ER), were found to bind competitively to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SBP and potentially disrupt the endocrine function of these proteins. Furthermore, both weakly acting (di-n-butyl phthalate) and potent estrogen mimics (ethynylestradiol), were able to induce a substantial up-regulation of circulating levels of SBP in vivo. Interestingly, modulation of SBP-levels was found to be a more sensitive endpoint than chemically induced interference with classical ER-mediated mechanisms for weakly acting estrogen mimics like di-(n-butyl) phthalate. Interference with the endocrine function of SBPs may thus introduce a novel mechanism for endocrine disruption, and give additional answers to the question why some weakly acting xenoestrogens are causing “estrogen-like” reproductive disturbances in developing males. 相似文献