一种横观各向同性岩体蠕变模型     

李列列  管俊峰  肖明砾  刘海朝  唐克东 《岩土力学》2020,41(9):2922-2930

层状岩体由于层理面或者结构面的存在，在力学上具有横观各向同性的特点，现有的各向同性蠕变模型难以全面反映横观各向同性岩体的蠕变力学特性。为构建能够反映横观各向同性岩体的三维蠕变模型，以能反映瞬时应变、减速蠕变和稳态蠕变特征的黏弹性Burgers模型为基础，基于常泊松比假定，在三维各向同性蠕变本构方程的基础上，按照算子替换的方法，将横观各向同性柔度矩阵代替各向同性柔度矩阵，并考虑了平行和垂直层理方向岩体蠕变力学行为的差异性，推导了横观各向同性岩体的三维蠕变本构方程。根据本构方程的特点，提出了根据平行和垂直方向岩体蠕变试验结果进行三维蠕变本构模型中蠕变参数的辨识方法。将提出的模型应用于三轴蠕变试验参数辨识，从而获得了一套完整的三维蠕变参数，并与试验结果进行对比分析，从而验证了所提模型与方法的合理性和有效性。进一步，指出了传统蠕变试验设计方案的局限性，给出了横观各向同性材料蠕变试验设计建议。研究成果为研究岩体三维蠕变机制提供了新思路，可对岩体蠕变试验设计提供相应的科研支撑。  相似文献   

An improved input energy spectrum verified by the shake table tests     

Ahmet Güllü  Ercan Yüksel  Cem Yalçın  A. Anıl Dindar  Hasan Özkaynak  Oral Büyüköztürk 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(1):27-45

Input energy is the principal component of the energy balance equation. It is beneficial to determine, through its components, how the recoverable and irrecoverable energies are distributed within the structural elements. Several equations and attenuation relations to define mass-normalized input energy spectra exist in the literature. They are mainly proposed for elastic systems subjected to far-fault EQs. There is a lack of experimental verification of these proposed spectra. In this paper, experimental assessment was performed to the existing spectra, and further improvements were accomplished. For this purpose, steel cantilever columns were tested on the shake table for two specific historical EQs coincidently having similar spectral acceleration values. Based on the experimental results, a three-part mass-normalized relative input energy spectrum was formulated including soil type, EQ (corner period, intensity, duration, spectral acceleration, and velocity), and structural behavioral characteristics (period and structural damping). The proposed input energy spectrum was experimentally calibrated and numerically validated for various EQs featuring near- and far-field types. Analytical and experimental comparisons were made between the previously developed spectrum and the newly proposed one. The validation studies and the statistical evaluations exposed that the proposed spectrum yielded better agreement with the experimental and numerical results.  相似文献   

基于级配方程的粗粒料压实特性试验研究     

吴二鲁  朱俊高  郭万里  陆阳洋 《岩土力学》2020,41(1):214-220

级配显著影响着堆石料的压实特性，定量表述级配对堆石料压实特性的影响至关重要。基于连续级配土的级配方程，设计了16组不同级配的试验粗粒料，进行了表面振动压实试验和侧限压缩试验，定量研究了级配对粗粒料压实特性的影响。研究表明：由表面振动压实（动应力）试验和侧限压缩（静应力）试验得到的干密度与级配曲线面积之间均呈二次函数关系，且干密度中的最大值对应的级配曲线面积均在0.9附近；无论是表面振动压实试验还是侧限压缩试验，堆石料都存在干密度最优（最大）的级配。依据试验成果，给出了所试验堆石料的最优级配区间（级配上、下包络线）；同时，利用相似级配法论证了实际级配粗粒料的最优级配区间，并根据国内外多座土石坝粗粒料的设计级配验证了该最优级配区间的普遍适用性，为土石坝粗粒料的级配设计提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

一种优化的频率域三维声波有限差分模拟方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

范娜  成景旺  秦雷  赵连锋  谢小碧  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1095-1108

为提高频率域有限差分（FD，finite-difference）正演模拟技术的计算精度和效率，基于旋转坐标系统的优化差分格式被广泛应用，但是只应用于正方形网格的情况.基于平均导数法（ADM）的优化差分格式，应用于正方形和长方形网格模拟.这些频率域有限差分算子，各自具有不同的差分格式和对应的优化系数求解表达式.本文基于三维声波方程发展了一种新的优化方法，只要给定FD模板形式，可直接构造频散方程，求取FD模板上各节点的优化系数.此方法的优点在于频率域FD算子的优化系数对应各个节点，可扩展优化其他格式.运用此优化方法，计算得到了不同空间采样间距比情况下27点和7点格式的优化系数.数值实验表明，优化27点格式与ADM 27点格式具有相同的精度，优化7点格式比经典的7点格式具有更小的数值频散.  相似文献   

基于偏微分方程的模型光滑处理在偏移成像中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

韩复兴  孙建国  王坤 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4558-4567

本文针对射线类偏移成像当中的速度模型光滑处理问题，借鉴数字图像处理当中的偏微分方程法，基于能量泛函，应用变分方法导出基于速度模型的偏微分方程实现射线类偏移成像当中的速度模型的光滑处理.由于偏微分方程法具有线性叠加特性、模型解的唯一性和局部特征保持性，因此，应用该算法可以实现基于原始速度模型空间结构的模型光滑处理.通过在原始速度模型以及光滑处理后的速度模型上计算速度的空间分布以及地震波走时、射线路径可以得出，偏微分方程法对速度模型的光滑处理能够很好地保持原始模型的空间结构，偏移成像结果也证明了该方法的实用性.  相似文献   

Time–space fractional governing equations of transient groundwater flow in confined aquifers: Numerical investigation          下载免费PDF全文

Tongbi Tu  Ali Ercan  M. Levent Kavvas 《水文研究》2018,32(10):1406-1419

In order to model non‐Fickian transport behaviour in groundwater aquifers, various forms of the time–space fractional advection–dispersion equation have been developed and used by several researchers in the last decade. The solute transport in groundwater aquifers in fractional time–space takes place by means of an underlying groundwater flow field. However, the governing equations for such groundwater flow in fractional time–space are yet to be developed in a comprehensive framework. In this study, a finite difference numerical scheme based on Caputo fractional derivative is proposed to investigate the properties of a newly developed time–space fractional governing equations of transient groundwater flow in confined aquifers in terms of the time–space fractional mass conservation equation and the time–space fractional water flux equation. Here, we apply these time–space fractional governing equations numerically to transient groundwater flow in a confined aquifer for different boundary conditions to explore their behaviour in modelling groundwater flow in fractional time–space. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed time–space fractional governing equation for groundwater flow in confined aquifers may provide a new perspective on modelling groundwater flow and on interpreting the dynamics of groundwater level fluctuations. Additionally, the numerical results may imply that the newly derived fractional groundwater governing equation may help explain the observed heavy‐tailed solute transport behaviour in groundwater flow by incorporating nonlocal or long‐range dependence of the underlying groundwater flow field.  相似文献   

基于SPEI的渭河流域干旱时空变化特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

邹磊  余江游  夏军  王飞宇 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):329-338

以标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）作为评估指标，基于渭河流域28个气象站点1961—2017年实测降水量和气温数据，采用Mann-Kendall（M-K）趋势检验、经验正交函数以及小波变换等方法分析渭河流域干旱时空变化特征，并研究渭河流域干旱与6种大尺度气候因子之间的相关关系，进一步探讨主要气候因子对流域干旱时空分布特征的潜在影响。研究表明：渭河流域在1961—2017年间整体呈现出变旱的趋势。通过经验正交函数分解，渭河流域干旱分布场主要有3种典型模态类型，分别为全局型、西北—东南反向分布型以及东—西反向分布型；同时，大尺度气候因子南方涛动指数SOI与流域干旱分布场具有更好的相关关系，对该区域内干旱变化有较强的影响。  相似文献   

基于NDVI的新疆荒漠地区植被覆盖度遥感估算经验模型研究          下载免费PDF全文

岳健  穆桂金  唐自华  杨雪峰  林永崇  徐立帅 《干旱区地理》2020,43(1):153-160

新疆荒漠地区植被覆盖度遥感估算模型十分缺乏，给荒漠化监测等相关工作带来很大不便，开展植被覆盖度遥感估算经验模型研究，对于促进和完善相关地区的生态监测及研究工作具有积极的现实意义。通过对阜康市北部沙漠南缘和克拉玛依市中部平原荒漠进行无人机航拍，利用无人机遥感提取（光合）植被信息，并将无人机航拍影像的植被覆盖度统计单元与高分辨率卫星影像像元在空间上直接相对应，获取在高分辨率卫星影像像元尺度上的植被盖度，然后通过植被覆盖度和空间上与其相对应的源自高分辨率卫星影像的NDVI数据的拟合关系，建立基于源自高分二号影像的NDVI的阜康北部沙漠植被覆盖度遥感估算线性模型以及基于源自ZY1-02C影像的NDVI的克拉玛依平原荒漠植被覆盖度遥感估算二次多项式模型。研究中所采用的无人机遥感与卫星遥感相结合、植被覆盖度统计单元与卫星像元在空间上直接对应的方法，可避免以往相关工作中常以点位测量数据代表卫星像元数据所带来的不确定性。由于所用卫星影像的NDVI数据稳定性相对不足等原因，所建立的遥感估算模型的估算精度尚相对偏低，有待于今后进一步的工作加以改进。  相似文献   

Source-independent wave-equation based microseismic source location using traveltime inversion          下载免费PDF全文

Songqin Nong  Chao Huang  Liangguo Dong 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(2):100-109

A new source location method using wave-equation based traveltime inversion is proposed to locate microseismic events accurately. With a sourceindependent strategy, microseismic events can be located independently regardless of the accuracy of the source signature and the origin time. The traveltime-residuals-based misfit function has robust performance when the velocity model is inaccurate. The new Fréchet derivatives of the misfit function with respect to source location are derived directly based on the acoustic wave equation, accounting for the influence of geometrical perturbation and spatial velocity variation. Unlike the mostly used traveltime inversion methods, no traveltime picking or ray tracing is needed.Additionally, the improved scattering-integral method is applied to reduce the computational cost. Numerical tests show the validity of the proposed method.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of tsunami bore impact pressure on a perforated seawall     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Catastrophic failures of many tsunami barriers along the affected coasts during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami has prompted extensive investigation into improving and revising design codes for tsunami defence structures. To date, researchers and coastal engineers are investigating to understand the failure mechanisms and to find solutions so that the structures merely remain intact in the extreme event such as tsunami. Thus, the present work is motivated to experimentally study tsunami-induced bore pressures exerted on vertical seawalls; a solid vertical wall and a porous vertical seawall that consisted of a perforated front wall and a solid rear wall. Bores with various heights and velocities were generated by using the dam-break method. A porous seawall with 20% porosity of perforated front wall was used in this study. Bore pressures exerted on the solid rear wall and chamber oscillations that occurred in the experiments were also discussed. The experimental results showed that multiple peak pressures were observed during bore run-up phase in the time series of bore impacts. A predictive equation to estimate the maximum bore pressure on a perforated seawall was developed using multiple regression analysis. The proposed equation was also compared with previous empirical formulas.  相似文献