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V. N. Sergeev M. A. Semikhatov M. A. Fedonkin A. F. Veis N. G. Vorob’eva 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(2):141-160
Expounded in this work are the results of critical consideration of published and original data on biologic nature and appearance chronology of different groups of Archean and Lower Proterozoic (3.5–1.65 Ga) paleontological remains known from geological record. Conclusions are substantiated by morphological analysis of structurally preserved microfossils, their facies distribution, and by inferable genesis and principal evolutionary trends of Archean stromatolites. A special attention is paid to variations of organic and carbonate carbon isotope composition in sedimentary successions with paleontological remains and to recent information about discovered, most ancient biomarkers of large groups of organic world. As a result of this approach, a detailed model of Precambrian organic world evolution is suggested. 相似文献
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A new fossil microbiota yielding eukaryotic Tappania is described from the Mesoproterozoic Kamo Group of the Central Angara Basin, Siberian Craton. The assemblage also includes Valeria, Satka, Lophosphaeridium, Pulvinosphaeridium, Miroedichia, Osculosphaera, Tasmanites, Obruchevella, Glomovertella, as well as branching and anastomosing filamentous microfossils of putative fungal affinities and peculiar short trichomes, that together substantially increase the biodiversity of the Tappania Association. Stratigraphic position and geochronological constraints indicate a relatively young Late Mesoproterozoic age of the Tappania-bearing sediments. There appears to be a continuity between the Tappania Association and the Neoproterozoic microbiota, the latter being firmly rooted in the Late Mesoproterozoic. 相似文献
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Bea J. M. Hondeveld Rolf P. M. Bak Wim Van Raaphorst Fleur C. Van Duyl 《Journal of Sea Research》1999,41(4):194
The metabolic inhibitor cycloheximide was used to estimate the influence of primarily unicellular eukaryotes (heterotrophic protozoa) on nutrient recycling in different types of sediments in the North Sea. Fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen across the sediment–water interface were measured in undisturbed sediment cores (controls) and compared to fluxes in sediment cores with cycloheximide added. If eukaryotes play an important role in nutrient recycling, one would expect to find lower nitrogen sediment–water effluxes in cores with cycloheximide due to the inactivation of eukaryotes. This important role hypothesised for eukaryotes was not generally observed: Only at four of the nineteen stations were ammonium effluxes significantly higher in controls than in cores with cycloheximide, and at five stations nitrate effluxes were significantly higher in the controls than in the cores with cycloheximide. Eukaryotic activity apparently contributed to the sediment–water exchange of ammonium through mineralisation of organic matter, nitrification and the subsequent release of ammonium and nitrate at these stations. At most other stations no differences were obtained between controls and cores with cycloheximide. This suggests that bacteria were the most important nutrient mineralisers at these stations at the time of the cruises. 相似文献
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Thierry Montmerle Philippe Claeys Muriel Gargaud Purificatión López-García Hervé Martin Robert Pascal Jacques Reisse Franck Selsis 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,98(1-4):299-312
This concluding chapter is divided into two main parts. The first part is a summary of the main facts and events which constitute the present body of knowledge of the chronology of life in the solar system, in the form of “highlights” in astronomy, geology, chemistry and biology. The second part raises the interrogation “Is life universal?”, and tries to provide answers based on these facts and events. These answers turn out to differ widely among the various disciplines, depending on how far they feel able to extrapolate their current knowledge. 相似文献
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原生生物指可独立生存的单细胞或群体真核生物,其多样性高、结构功能复杂、分布广泛,是海洋微型浮游生物群落的重要组成部分,在维持海洋生态系统结构与功能中发挥着重要作用。早期使用显微镜、流式细胞术等传统方法对原生生物多样性的研究具有若干局限性,随着分子生物学技术的发展,测序技术（尤其高通量测序）为深入研究原生生物多样性、群落组成、时空变化及甄别其环境驱动因素等做出重要贡献。北冰洋是受全球气候变暖影响最为严重的大洋,作为水体生态系统的重要组成者,原生生物所受影响仍待深入探讨。因此,探究北冰洋典型环境（如海水、海冰、融池等）中原生生物的群落组成、动态变化等,有助于了解全球变暖过程中北冰洋生态系统的变化。然而,由于极地自然环境恶劣、样品采集困难等原因,北冰洋原生生物多样性的相关研究十分欠缺,许多研究空白亟待补充。本文对基于高通量测序技术的北冰洋原生生物多样性研究进行了文献搜集与整理,以期为全球变化背景下原生生物多样性研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Purificacón López-Garcia David Moreira Emmanuel Douzery Patrick Forterre Mark Van Zuilen Philippe Claeys Daniel Prieur 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,98(1-4):247-290
Once life appeared, it evolved and diversified. From primitive living entities, an evolutionary path of unknown duration, likely paralleled by the extinction of unsuccessful attempts, led to a last common ancestor that was endowed with the basic properties of all cells. From it, cellular organisms derived in a relative order, chronology and manner that are not yet completely settled. Early life evolution was accompanied by metabolic diversification, i.e. by the development of carbon and energy metabolic pathways that differed from the first, not yet clearly identified, metabolic strategies used. When did the different evolutionary transitions take place? The answer is difficult, since hot controversies have been raised in recent years concerning the reliability of the oldest life traces, regardless of their morphological, isotopic or organic nature, and there are also many competing hypotheses for the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. As a result, there is a need to delimit hypotheses from solid facts and to apply a critical analysis of contrasting data. Hopefully, methodological improvement and the increase of data, including fossil signatures and genomic information, will help reconstructing a better picture of life evolution in early times as well as to, perhaps, date some of the major evolutionary transitions. There are already some certitudes. Modern eukaryotes evolved after bacteria, since their mitochondria derived from ancient bacterial endosymbionts. Once prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes had colonized terrestrial ecosystems for millions of years, the first pluricellular animals appeared and radiated, thus inaugurating the Cambrian. The following sections constitute a collection of independent articles providing a general overview of these aspects. 相似文献
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Protists(microbial eukaryotes)are indispensable members of the marine microbial food web.In recent years,organisms living in the deep sea(>1000 m water depth)have increasingly become the focus of research;however,studies on protistan assemblages are relatively scarce compared with their prokaryotic counterparts.In the present study,high-throughput sequencing of the hypervariable V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene was used to explore the community composition of protists in bathypelagic waters of the South China Sea.Based on the analysis of the alpha and beta diversities of 14 samples,we discovered:1、members belonging to Rhizaria,Alveolata,and Excavata were the dominant groups in terms of both relative sequence abundance and operational taxonomic unit(OTU)richness in all samples,although their relative contributions differed among different samples;2、cluster analysis showed that the distribution of protistan assemblages was related neither to the sampling location nor to the water depth,and other environmental factors might have caused the differences among the communities;3、phototrophs,including members of the Bacillariophyta,Bolidophyceae,Dictyochophyceae,Prasinophyceae,and Prymnesiophyceae,were detected in all samples,which indicated their contributions to the downward transportation via the biological pump and the potential presence of phagotrophy of these phototrophic cells in the deep ocean. 相似文献
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近年来,我国海州湾浒苔暴发呈常态化趋势发展,日益威胁到该海域生态系统的健康。浒苔每年都会由南向北漂移经过平岛海域,在平岛海洋牧场中牡蛎是其重要的经济贝类,具有数量多、分布广、生态种群稳定等特点,浒苔对海洋牧场中这种滤食性经济贝类的影响亟待了解。使用传统的显微镜检测方法并不能准确鉴定出胃含物中有机物碎片成分,而应用DNA条形码技术则可以快速有效的判断这类摄食者的食物碎片来源。在本研究中,采集了浒苔发生前后不同时间的海州湾平岛海域特定区域的牡蛎。通过高通量DNA测序技术研究了其真核食物成分。扩增18S r DNA V4区共得到53347个有效序列短片段,聚类后得到105个类别,主要属于链形植物门(包括轮藻门和有胚植物(现存的陆生植物:苔藓维管植物)两大类)、绿藻门、囊泡虫门、子囊菌门等。其中,5月(WH1)、6月(WH2)、7月(WH3)、10月(WH4)的胃含物样品中分别发现了11、12、11和14个门的生物种类。进一步对WH1—WH4样品属水平进行聚类分析发现真核生物成分表现出显著的季节性差异,但在所有组当中并未发现石莼属或浒苔属成分。WH1样品中梨属和四胞藻纲含量最多。WH2样品中的子囊菌属和稻属含量均为4个样品中的最高值。WH3中共甲藻目的含量达到最高。WH4样品中沟鞭藻属的含量达到最高值。研究表明,牡蛎并没有直接摄食浒苔或石莼属成分,因此推断浒苔并不直接影响牡蛎的摄食情况。另外本研究首次发现被子植物在牡蛎胃含物中占有很高的比重,表明牡蛎食物源除来源于海洋外还有陆源有机质。 相似文献
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Early succession of micro‐periphyton communities in kelp bed and barren ground ecological systems 
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下载免费PDF全文 In shallow sublittoral rocky habitats of the Southeast Pacific, two conspicuous ecological systems exist; kelp beds dominated by large Laminariales algae, and barren grounds dominated by crustose coralline algae and sea urchins. The aim of this study was to examine the successional development of micro‐periphyton communities in both ecological systems using a colonization experiment conducted in Northern Chile. In both ecological systems, we installed replicated ceramic plates at 10 m depth and samples were taken after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 14 days of exposure. Bacteria, diatoms, protozoans and small eukaryotes were identified, quantified and analysed. The succession of micro‐periphyton communities in both ecological systems followed a common pattern consisting of a net accumulation of functional groups and taxa over time; however, the total density of all groups was significantly higher in the kelp beds. In addition, the community structure of the developing micro‐periphytons was different and specific for each ecological system. Although previous studies have suggested that kelp beds and barren grounds are capable of switching from one state to the other without substantial changes in biodiversity, our results show that each of these ecological systems promotes its own successional development, suggesting that they are unique, self‐organized entities. This study is the first step towards an understanding of these ecological systems operating independently at this scale of organization. 相似文献
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华北克拉通南缘汝阳群中以大型具刺疑源类为代表的真核生物群的时代归属问题一直存在争议。新近在豫西汝州阳坡村洛峪群洛峪口组中获得的凝灰岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为1639±13Ma,结合熊耳群和汝阳群已获得的其他年龄数据,将这类形态复杂的真核生物群出现的时间限定在1.75—1.64Ga,即中元古代的早期。这说明,过去一直被认为的代表进化程度较高但仅属于新元古代的一些真核生物群,其实在中元古代早期就已经出现了;由此可以进一步推测,在更古老的地层中应有更原始的微体化石出现,从而华北克拉通南缘中元古界(>1.60Ga)将成为探寻最古老真核生物祖先的重要窗口。同时,将这些在中元古代早期就已经出现并在以后较长地史时期都存在的真核生物群用于标定地层形成时代或作为相关地层的对比标志,值得重新考虑和商榷。 相似文献
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