A Pilot‐Scale Diatomite Membrane Bioreactor for Slightly Polluted Surface Water Treatment          下载免费PDF全文

Wen Sun  Cuimei Li  Bingzhi Dong  Huaqiang Chu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(9)

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青海湖地区生物中正构烷烃及其氢同位素组成与影响因素     

段毅  吴应忠  吴保祥  孙涛 《地质学报》2018,92(7):1541-1550

青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖泊。本文应用GC-MS和GC-TC-IRMS同位素分析技术,对青海湖水生生物和周围地区陆生生物中正构烷烃及其氢同位素进行了分析,研究了生物中正构烷烃及其同位素组成。结果显示了不同生物中正构烷烃碳数分布范围在C1 5~C33之间,呈单峰型分布;主峰碳数是水生生物(除海韭菜外)相对较低,主要为C23和C25,陆生木本植物次之,为C27;陆生草本植物较高,为C27和C29;CPI值分布在4.0~29.7之间;ACL值为26.0~29.6,分布与植物类型有关。青海湖水生生物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成分布在-209.8‰~-85.6‰之间,平均值为-169.2‰~-121.2‰;陆生植物的正构烷烃δD值为-196.7‰~-84.3‰之间,平均值为-173.0‰~-108.6‰。青海湖不同水生生物和不同陆生生物之间的正构烷烃氢同位素组成差别显著。研究发现,湖泊的含盐量对水生植物的正构烷烃氢同位素具有显著影响,环境湿度和降水量明显影响了陆生植物的正构烷烃氢同位素组成;植物的正构烷烃平均氢同位素组成随着其ACL值增加,具有变轻的趋势;不同种类植物的正构烷烃合成期间具有不同的氢同位素分馏效应,与陆生植物相比较,水生植物的正构烷烃相对于环境水更富集轻氢同位素,并且随着ACL值增加,环境水和正构烷烃之间的氢同位素分馏增大。  相似文献   

寒武纪生物大爆发之后的底栖生态系统工程建造者:以河南地区为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘炳辰  齐永安  代明月  白万备  樊钰超  庆国帅 《地球科学》2021,46(1):148-161

扰动生物作为生态系统工程建造者,通过对沉积底质的改造直接影响沉积物和水体之间的相互作用（营养物质的循环、迁移和存储）,对底栖生态系统工程有重要的影响.遗迹化石作为底栖生物活动的载体,为研究寒武纪大爆发之后底栖生态系统工程建造者的演化规律,并评价底栖生态系统工程建造者对生态系统工程产生的影响提供了依据.对河南地区8个寒武系剖面的遗迹化石数据进行统计,应用现代生物学中生态系统工程影响值的概念,从功能群、阶层、生物灌溉3个方面对底栖生态系统工程建造者进行研究.研究结果表明,寒武系第三阶至鼓山阶底栖生态系统工程建造者功能群类型由生物扩散型扰动者往向上/下运输者转变,阶层逐渐加深,生物灌溉越来越普及,生态系统工程影响值不断增大.鼓山阶至第十阶,遗迹化石类型及结构变化不大,生态系统工程影响值趋于稳定.这表明从寒武纪生物大爆发至鼓山阶,底栖生态系统工程建造者的行为策略发生着明显的进化与创新,生态系统工程建造者不仅开拓了重要的生态空间,而且为其他底栖生物和微生物创造了新的生境,在寒武纪海洋生态系统中扮演着重要的角色.   相似文献   

Nanofiltration/Reverse Osmosis as Pretreatment Technique for Water Reuse: Ultrafiltration Versus Tertiary Membrane Reactor     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(5)

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Influence of submersion season on the development of test panel biofouling communities in a tropical coast     

S. Satheesh  S.G. Wesley 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,94(2):155-163

The effect of test panel submersion season on the colonization of biofouling communities in a tropical coast revealed that the effects of panel submersion time should be taken into consideration for modelling fouling community recruitment dynamics in coastal systems or during the field trials of antifouling coatings. Wooden test panels fitted onto a raft were submerged during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for the development of the biofouling community. Results showed considerable variation in the colonization of fouling communities on test panels submerged during different seasons. Barnacles, tubeworms, ascidians and seaweeds were the major fouling communities that colonized the test panels. The total biomass of the fouling communities that settled on the post-monsoon season panels varied from the initial value of 2.72 g dm⁻² to a maximum of 44.5 g dm⁻². On the panels submerged during monsoon season, the total biomass of fouling communities varied between 0.78 g dm⁻² and 69.9 g dm⁻². The total fouling biomass on the pre-monsoon season panels varied between 2.95 and 33.5 g dm⁻². Barnacles were the initial colonizers on the panels submerged during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Soft-bodied organisms such as ascidians dominated the monsoon season-initiated panel series during the initial period.  相似文献   

基于批判地缘政治学视角解读经典地缘政治理论   总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19  

胡志丁  陆大道 《地理学报》2015,70(6)

大国间的争霸与兴衰更替,无不受地缘法则的支配。地理学者应紧跟时代的步伐,准确把握国家利益之所在,抓住机遇为民族伟大复兴做出贡献。但是,缺乏对地缘政治学的历史和哲学的批判将不能准确理解和有效实践地缘政治理论。本文简要介绍了批判地缘政治学的发展,总结了批判地缘政治学的3个特点,据此对4个经典地缘政治理论进行了解读。为了简化解读过程,首先提出了一个解读4个经典地缘政治理论的分析框架;其次根据这个分析框架重点解读了麦金德的"历史的地理枢纽";最后对4个经典地缘政治理论进行了批判性总结。通过批判性解读,得出经典地缘政治理论既有科学性一面,也有假说性和理念性的一面。经典地缘政治理论构建是基于国际地缘格局、国家利益空间分布、国家间空间冲突而构建的,并展现了理论建构者的身份,体现了地缘政治理论的历史性、社会性、情境性和地理知识—权力结构。  相似文献   

Estimation of enterococci input from bathers and animals on a recreational beach using camera images     

John D. Wang  Helena M. Solo-Gabriele  Amir M. Abdelzaher  Lora E. Fleming 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(8):1270-6769

Enterococci, are used nationwide as a water quality indicator of marine recreational beaches. Prior research has demonstrated that enterococci inputs to the study beach site (located in Miami, FL) are dominated by non-point sources (including humans and animals). We have estimated their respective source functions by developing a counting methodology for individuals to better understand their non-point source load impacts. The method utilizes camera images of the beach taken at regular time intervals to determine the number of people and animal visitors. The developed method translates raw image counts for week days and weekend days into daily and monthly visitation rates. Enterococci source functions were computed from the observed number of unique individuals for average days of each month of the year, and from average load contributions for humans and for animals. Results indicate that dogs represent the larger source of enterococci relative to humans and birds.  相似文献   

Seasonal variability in the recruitment of macrofouling community in Kudankulam waters, east coast of India   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Satheesh  S. Godwin Wesley 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(3):518-524

The seasonal variability in fouling community recruitment on submerged artificial substratum was studied in Kudankulam coastal water, Gulf of Mannar, East coast of India for a period of two years, from May 2003 to April 2005. The results indicated that the fouling community recruitment occurred throughout the year with varying intensities. Barnacles, ascidians, polychaetes, bivalves and seaweeds were the major fouling groups observed from the test panels. Maximum fouling biomass of 9.17 g dm⁻² was observed during August 2004 and a minimum value of 0.233 g dm⁻² in February 2004. The biomass build-up on test panels was relatively high during the premonsoon season and low during the postmonsoon months. The number of barnacles settled on the panels varied from 1 to 4460 no. dm⁻². The maximum percentage of the ascidian coverage (72%) on test panels was observed during March 2005. In general, July–December was the period of intense recruitment for barnacles and March–May was the period for ascidians.  相似文献   

海洋自然资本评估中生物能值转换率的研究          下载免费PDF全文

丁洁琼  魏方懿  叶观琼  曾江宁  林颖  韩宇 《应用海洋学学报》2020,39(2):253-260

自然资本评估是研究生态系统服务与社会经济发展的重要方式。由于海洋具有特殊性和复杂性、开放性、流动性和多层次耦合性等特点,海洋自然资本评估方法的研究进展缓慢。能值分析理论通过能值转换率将生态系统内流动和储存的各种不同类别的能量和物质转换为同一标准的能值,可衡量和比较不同等级的能量价值,系统完整地反映自然资本价值,这一特点是其他评估方法所缺乏的。为精确量化海洋生物资本价值,本研究引入海洋食物网信息能流图和生态系统能量传递规律,提出了生物能值转换率的经验公式,即Tn=T1·E^1-nL(T1为初级生产者的太阳能值转换率,n为营养级,EL为林德曼效率)。为验证经验公式的可行性,选用相关案例进行了研究,得到海洋食物网中不同食性生物所处营养级及其相应的能值转换率。经验公式有一定误差,具体应用时应通过调研文献和相关数据,确定关键参数的取值范围以提高准确性。本研究得出的经验公式简化了海洋生物能值转换率的计算方法,促进了能值分析理论在海洋自然资本评估中的进一步应用。  相似文献   

Impacts of Coagulation Pretreatment on MF Filtration and a Comparative Study of Different Membrane Module Types     

LIU Oi-feng Kim Seung-hyun Yun Jong-sup Moon Seong-yong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(4):295-299

Changes in the regulatory requirements and the forthcoming Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Products （D/DBP） Rule will require that drinking water treatment facilities be operated to achieve maximum removals of particles and disinfectant tolerant microorganisms as well as natural organic matter （NOM）. For drinking water production, the use of membrane filtration processes such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration （MF/UF） alone to satisfy the turbidity, particle and microorganism removal a requirement of the surface water treatment regulation （SWTR） is not enough. MF/UF treatment processes can achieve only nominal （10 percent） removal of disinfection by-products （DBP） precursors （James, et al., 1995）. On the other hand, too fast fouling can make the filtration processes more difficult to carry on. To solve these problems, many authors have been interested in installing coagulation pretreatment before membrane filtration to improve membrane performance. However, previous studies reported conflicting results. Some supported the effectiveness of coagulation pretreatment, while others contended that coagulation aggravated membrane performance. This research aims to identify the effects of coagulation pretreatment on membrane filtration through a pilot study using PVDF membrane in combination with analyzing the rationale of coagulation. Another objective of this research was to evaluate the different impacts on membrane performance of using different membrane modules （the submerged module and pressured module）. The results showed that coagulation pretreatment greatly improved the membrane performance, extending the filtration time as well as reducing the permeated organic level, and that the submerged module is much more efficient than the pressured module.  相似文献