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纳米塑料和纳米金属氧化物粒子在不同领域的使用量日益增多,这些纳米材料进入水生系统可能带来的相关环境风险引起了人们的关注。本文通过食相暴露,分析了100 nm纳米聚苯乙烯(PS)和纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)暴露对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的血细胞功能和氧化还原平衡的干扰。实验组对虾分别投喂混有200 mg/kg和2 000 mg/kg纳米PS和纳米TiO2的饲料,试验周期为28天。在暴露第14天和第28天测定其对凡纳滨对虾的血细胞ROS含量变化、细胞吞噬率和凋亡率,以及肝胰腺组织内的总抗氧化酶(T-AOC)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明,纳米PS和纳米TiO2均导致凡纳滨对虾血细胞凋亡率显著上升,并且导致肝胰腺组织T-AOC、SOD和GST活性不同程度的升高以及Na+/K+-ATP酶活性显著降低。生物标志物指数(IBR)结果显示,纳米TiO2对凡纳滨对虾产生的胁迫压力高于纳米PS。 相似文献
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为查清免疫促进剂对日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）（俗称石蟹）自身免疫力的增强作用及机理，对脂多糖（LPS）、β葡聚糖（β—1，3-glucan）、灭活鳗弧菌和灭活哈维氏弧菌对日本蟳酚氧化酶（po）的产量与活性以及血细胞的数量与超微结构的影响进行了研究。结果表明，经4种免疫促进剂处理后，日本蟳PO产量和总酶活性都有显著增加，但PO的比活性与对照相比没有显著差异。日本蟳血细胞超微结构观察显示，多糖处理组小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞的糙面内质网和线粒体数量增加，颗粒数量减少、体积增大，而透明细胞的超微结构没有显著变化；灭活弧菌处理组小颗粒细胞中的颗粒数量明显减少，透明细胞中线粒体的数量显著增加。由此可见。多糖类和灭活弧菌类免疫促进剂对日本蟳非特异性免疫系统的影响不同，多糖类免疫促进剂主要提高酚氧化酶原激活组分PO的产量，进而提高PO总酶活性，而灭活弧菌类免疫促进剂主要提高透明细胞和小颗粒细胞的吞噬活性。 相似文献
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FAN Tingjun YU Miaomiao YANG Lingling SHI Zhenping SUN Wenjie CONG Rishan YANG Xiuxia JIANG Guojian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(3)
To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inactivated Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocytes of Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yields and the enzymatic activities of purified PO in C. japonica increased significantly after the crabs were treated with immunostimulants, while the unit enzymatic activities remained almost the same. After treatment with β-1,3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the number of mitochondria in both semigranular cells and granular cells increased greatly, and the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased but with enlarged volume. However, the corresponding characteristics of hyaline cells remained almost the same. On the other hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the number of mitochondria of hyaline cells increased greatly, after treatment with inactivated vibrios. It may be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants on the innate immune system of C. japonica is different from that of inactivated vibrio immunostimulants. The immunity-enhancing mechanism of polysaccharides in crab autogenous immunocompetence is probably accomplished by the increased yields of PO and total PO activities, while that of inactivated vibrios is probably accomplished by the partially increased yields of PO and total PO activities as well as the significantly improved phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells. 相似文献
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Tingjun Fan Miaomiao Yu Lingling Yang Zhenping Shi Wenjie Sun Rishan Cong Xiuxia Yang Guojian Jiang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(3):222-228
To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms
involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inactivated Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocytes of Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yields and the enzymatic activities of purified PO in C. japonica increased significantly after the crabs were treated with immunostimulants, while the unit enzymatic activities remained
almost the same. After treatment with β-1,3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the number
of mitochondria in both semigranular cells and granular cells increased greatly, and the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased
but with enlarged volume. However, the corresponding characteristics of hyaline cells remained almost the same. On the other
hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the number of mitochondria of hyaline cells increased
greatly, after treatment with inactivated vibrios. It may be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants
on the innate immune system of C. japonica is different from that of inactivated vibrio immunostimulants. The immunity-enhancing mechanism of polysaccharides in crab
autogenous immunocompetence is probably accomplished by the increased yields of PO and total PO activities, while that of
inactivated vibrios is probably accomplished by the partially increased yields of PO and total PO activities as well as the
significantly improved phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells. 相似文献
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血细胞是甲壳动物的免疫细胞，负责抵御和清除入侵的病原。虽然血细胞在甲壳动物的整个生命周期中都需要不断更新，但人们对甲壳动物造血机制的了解却十分有限。前期研究发现利用红螯螯虾的肌肉提取液可以诱导体外培养的造血组织细胞定向分化为颗粒细胞，但其中起到诱导分化作用的因子尚未明确。本研究对该未知血细胞分化因子的基本性质进行了分析。首先，我们制备了红螯螯虾（Cherax quadricarinatus）、中华绒螯蟹(Erinocheir sinensis)、东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)、红石斑鱼(Epinephelus goreensis)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和疣荔枝螺(Reishia clavigera)的肌肉提取液，测试其诱导螯虾造血组织细胞分化的能力。结果表明，以上各种动物的肌肉提取液均可诱导原代培养的螯虾造血组织细胞向颗粒细胞分化，说明该血细胞分化因子普遍存在于这些动物的肌肉组织中。进一步我们以螯虾肌肉提取液为实验对象，分析了血细胞分化因子的热稳定性、溶解性、带电性、对蛋白酶的耐受性以及分子量大小。结果发现该血细胞分化因子易溶于甲醇，呈电中性，具有良好的热稳定性，且可耐受蛋白酶处理，分子量小于1 kDa。因此，螯虾肌肉提取液中可诱导造血组织细胞分化为颗粒细胞的血细胞分化因子是一种广泛存在的小分子类物质。本研究结果有助于后续对该因子的分离纯化和鉴定。 相似文献
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以海鞘(Ciona savignyi)为研究对象,考察了海鞘血细胞原代培养方法及培养中细菌污染的鉴定和控制.血细胞在培养1 h后贴壁,细胞基本以圆形细胞为主,变形细胞一般呈不规则形.变形细胞存活时间较短,而圆形细胞存活时间较长.对于培养过程中的细菌污染,通过细菌分离、培养和纯培养发现两类菌株检出率较高,均为革兰氏阴性菌.经PCR扩增16S rDNA基因序列片断,结果显示这两类菌株分别属于弧菌属(Vibrio)和施万氏菌属(Shewanella).药敏试验结果显示,弧菌属对氯霉素和环丙沙星等具有较强的敏感性;对施万氏菌属较敏感的药物依次为亚胺培南和氯霉素等.最后比较了几种抗生素组合控制血细胞培养中细菌污染的使用效果,其中氯霉素、亚胺培南加双抗的组合有较好的抑菌效果并对培养细胞的贴壁和生长没有影响. 相似文献
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泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)是我国传统养殖贝类,细菌性疾病导致的死亡已成为制约泥蚶养殖业发展的重要因素,血细胞是泥蚶免疫防御的执行者,血细胞能直接吞噬异物,能通过包囊作用将异物包裹,血细胞还在炎症反应和伤口修复中发挥作用。采用RNA-seq测序技术研究了溶藻弧菌体外刺激后泥蚶血细胞3h和6h时转录组动态变化,与未受刺激血细胞相比,3h时1790个基因表达发生显著改变,包括1319个上调基因和471个下调基因;6h时3183个基因表达发生显著改变,包括2629个上调基因和554个下调基因。KEGG通路富集分析发现溶藻弧菌刺激后免疫相关多个信号通路或生物学过程发生显著改变,如吞噬体、细胞凋亡、蛋白酶体、内质网加工、局部黏附等。部分免疫相关基因表达丰度3h时变化不显著而6h时发生显著改变,部分免疫相关基因3h和6h时表达丰度均显著改变。研究结果为泥蚶血细胞早期免疫反应提供了新的见解,为泥蚶抗病机理研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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