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1.
The KwaZulu-Natal Bight is a shallow indentation of the eastern seaboard of South Africa, characterised by a narrow (45 km wide) extension of the continental shelf, with a shelf break at about 100 m. It has a complex hydrography: the waters of the bight are derived from the fast-flowing, southward-trending Agulhas Current, which is fed mostly by the tropical and subtropical surface waters of the South-West Indian Ocean subgyre, which are generally oligotrophic in nature, notably depleted in reduced nitrogen and phosphate except at river mouths and during periodic upwelling of deeper nutrient-rich water. Despite this, the bight is believed to be relatively productive, and it is suggested that efficient nutrient recycling by prokaryotes may sustain primary productivity efficiently, even in the absence of new nutrient inputs. Here we have measured bacterial numbers, biomass and heterotrophic productivity during summer and winter in conjunction with phytoplankton standing stock and factors that influence it. Bacterial distribution closely matched phytoplankton distribution in surface waters, and was highest close to the coast. Bacterial standing stocks were similar to those of oligotrophic systems elsewhere (0.5–5.0 × 105 cells ml–1; 1 × 10–8 to 1.25 × 10–7 g C ml–1) and increased in association with the development of phytoplankton blooms offshore and with inputs of allochthonous material by rivers at the coast. Heterotrophic productivity in summer was lowest in the far south and north of the bight (0.5 × 10–10 g C ml–1 h–1) but higher close to the shore, over shallow banks, and in association with increased phytoplankton abundance over the midshelf (1.0–3.5 × 10–9 g C ml–1 h–1). There were marked seasonal differences with lower bacterial standing stocks (5 × 104 to 2 × 105 cells ml–1; 4–5 × 10–9 to 1–2 × 10–8 g C ml–1) and very low bacterial productivity (4 × 10–11 to 1 × 10–10 g C ml–1 h–1) in winter, probably resulting from lowered rates of primary productivity and dissolved organic matter release as well as reduced riverine allochthonous inputs during the winter drought. 相似文献
2.
A survey was made of the number of the heterotrophic bacteria in surface seawater of Great Wall Bay and its adjacent waters, Antarctica during the period of austral summers from Dec.1993 to Feb. 1994. The result shows that the number of the heterotrophic bacteria in the surface waterof the surveyed area is about 798 CFU. cm-3, ranging from 53 to 4 250 CFU. cm-3. Comparison of thenumbers for three months shows a declining tendency month by month. Comparing with the previous results, this one shows that the heterotrophic bacteria number changes somewhat, but slightly. It is lower than that in nearshore waters but higher than that in the open area. This shows that there is a positive correlative relationship between CFU and NH4- N, which means that heterotrophic bacteria should be an important agent in NH4-N reproduction in the environment surveyed. There is an significant negative correlation both between CFU and NOZ-N, and between CFU and PO4-P. This means that the NOZ-N, PO.-P, which were decomposed and transformed by bacteria, were used rapidly by phytoplankton. 相似文献
3.
浙江省海岛沿岸水域微生物生态分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章报道了浙江海岛沿岸水域中异养细菌、氨化细菌和反硝化细菌的数量分布及异养细菌的种群组成。结果表明：本调查海区异养细菌的数量较多，其数量分布范围在２．０４×１０４～８．３６×１０６个／ｄｍ３之间；氨化细菌数量分布范围在３．０×１０３～１．１×１０６个／ｄｍ３之间；反硝化细菌的数量分布范围在３．０×１０２～１．１－１０６个／ｄｍ３之间。细菌的数量与环境中营养盐的浓度之间存在密切关系。在不同的海区异养细菌的种群组成存在一定的差异，在浙北海区，革兰氏阴性菌所占比例为４１．６％，在浙中海区为４６．９％，在浙南海区为６４．９％。 相似文献
4.
Young-Ok Kim Eun Jin Yang Jung-Hoon Kang Kyoungsoon Shin Man Chang Cheol Soo Myung 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(1):9-17
The summer distributions of planktonic microbial communities (heterotrophic and phtosynthetic bacteria, phtosynthetic and
heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliate plankton, and microphytoplankton) were compared between inner and outer areas of Lake
Sihwa, divided by an artificial breakwater, located on the western coast of Korea, in September 2003. The semienclosed, inner
area was characterized by hyposaline surface water (<17 psu), and by low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (avg. 0.4 mg L1) and high concentrations of inorganic nutrients (nitrogenous nutrients >36 μM, phosphate <4 μM) in the bottom layer. Higher
densities of heterotrophic bacteria and nanoflagellates also occurred in the inner area than did in the outer area, while
microphytoplankton (mainly diatoms) occurred abundantly in the outer area. A tiny tintinnid ciliate, Tintinnopsis nana, bloomed
into more than 106 cells L1 at the surface layer of the inner area, while its abundance was much lower (103-104 cells L1) in the outer area of the breakwater. Ciliate abundance was highly correlated with heterotrophic bacteria (r = 0.886, p <
0.001) and heterotrophic flagellates (r = 0.962, p < 0.001), indicating that rich food availability may have led to theT. nana bloom. These results suggest that the breakwater causes the eutrophic environment in artificial lakes with limited flushing
of enriched water and develops into abundant bacteria, nanoflagellates, and ciliates. 相似文献
5.
2006年秋季长江口及邻近海域微微型浮游生物的分布特征及环境影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2006年10月在长江口及邻近海域采用流式细胞技术测定了微微型浮游生物:聚球藻Synecho-coccus、微微型光合真核生物(picoeukaryotes)和异养浮游细菌(heterotrophic bacteria)的丰度和碳生物量,研究了其生态分布特点,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,聚球藻、微微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度均值分别为(29.5±35.1)×103个/cm3,(0.9±0.6)×103个/cm3和(7.6±4.3)×105个/cm3(以碳计),碳生物量均值分别为(5.2±6.1)mg/m3,(1.4±0.9)mg/m3和(15.2±8.6)mg/m3(以碳计)。聚球藻、微微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度表现出不同的分布特征。平面分布上,聚球藻丰度呈现出近海低而外海高的分布趋势,其高值出现在长江口外的东部和东南部海域;微微型光合真核生物丰度分布趋势与聚球藻相近,其丰度高值出现在南部调查海域;异养浮游细菌丰度的高值区则分布在长江口北部外侧毗邻的海域。垂直分布上,近岸海域中微微型浮游生物在各水层中分布较均匀;远岸海域,微微型浮游生物丰度的次表层最大值现象较普遍,其中聚球藻丰度最大值出现在真光层底部;微微型光合真核生物与异养浮游细菌丰度的高值则出现在表层或真光层底部。微微型浮游生物与环境因子的相关性分析结果表明,聚球藻、微微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的碳生物量均与温度呈显著正相关关系,而与营养盐、悬浮体浓度和颗粒有机碳之间存在较为密切的负相关关系。 相似文献
6.
2009年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)在南海北部海域(nSCS)采用流式细胞术对聚球藻、原绿球藻、超微型光合真核生物3类超微型光合浮游生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度和碳生物量的时空分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,夏季聚球藻和原绿球藻的平均丰度高于冬季,超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度反之,为冬季高于夏季。聚球藻、超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌在富营养的近岸陆架海域丰度较高,而原绿球藻高丰度则出现在陆坡开阔海域。在垂直分布上,聚球藻主要分布在跃层以上,跃层以下丰度迅速降低;原绿球藻高丰度主要出现在真光层底部;超微型光合真核生物在水层中的高值同样出现在真光层底部,且与Pico级份叶绿素a浓度分布一致;异养浮游细菌在水体中的分布与聚球藻类似。这些分布格局的差异,取决于环境条件的变化和4类超微型浮游生物生态生理适应性的差异。在超微型光合浮游生物群落中,各类群碳生物量的贡献因季节和海域类型的不同而发生变化:聚球藻在夏季近岸陆架区占超微型光合浮游生物总碳生物量的41%,原绿球藻在陆坡开阔海成为主要贡献者(50%),超微型光合真核生物碳生物量以冬季为高(在近岸陆架区占比68%)。冬、夏季异养浮游细菌碳生物量均高于超微型光合浮游生物碳生物量。 相似文献
7.
Heterotrophic bacteria of the Dapeng Bay in the South China Sea: community structure, abundance, and the relationships of culturablity with environmental factors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The community composition, abundance and culturablity of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Dapeng Bay of the South China Sea were investigated by morphological method, bacterial cultivation and biochemical methods over an annual cycle. Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were the predominant genera among the Gram-negative bacteria. The bacterioplankton abundance fluctuated from 2.07×108 to 2.44×109 cells/dm3, and culturable bacteria abundance ranged between 0.1×106 and 16.07×106 CFU/dm3. The Culturablity of heterotrophic bacteria ranged between 0.01% and 1.31%. The relationship between bacterial culturablity and the environmental factors was also studied in different sites of the Dapeng Bay. Throughout the bay, a significantly positive relationship was evidenced between bacterial culturability and temperature, meanswhile bacterial culturability was significantly inversely related with salinity. The positive relationship was shown at the central bay while a negative relationship was observed at the bay mouth and there was no significant correlation at top bay between bacterial culturablity and chlorophyll a of sea water. A positive relationship was found between culturability and DIN all the bay, but DIP showed a significantly negative relationship with bacterial culturability only at the mouth of the bay. 相似文献
8.
Response of Microbial Community to Petroleum Stress and Phosphate Dosage inSediments of Jiaozhou Bay,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHAO Yangguo CHEN Min BAI Jie LI Xinwei Farhana Zulfiqar and WANG Qianli 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):249-256
The dynamic microcosms were used to evaluate the effect of oil spills on microbial ecological system in marine sediment and the enhancement of nutrient on the oil removal. The function and structure of microbial community caused by the oil pollution and phosphate dosage were simultaneously monitored by dehydrogenase activity assay and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques. The results indicated that the amount of total bacteria in all dynamic microcosms declined rapidly with incubation time. The number of petroleum-degrading bacteria and the activity of sediment dehydrogenase were gradually enhanced by petroleum in the oil-treated microcosms, while they both showed no obvious response to phosphate dosage. In comparison, phosphate spiked heterotrophic bacteria and they showed a significant increase in amount. DGGE profiles indicated that petroleum dosage greatly changed community structure, and the bacteria belonged to class Deltaproteobacteria, and phyla Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi were enriched. This study demonstrated that petroleum input greatly impacted the microbial community structure and consequently the marine sediment petroleum-degrading activity was enhanced. Phosphate dosage would multiply heterotrophic bacteria but not significantly enhance the petroleum degradation. 相似文献
9.
微型异养鞭毛虫(HNF)是海洋微微型浮游生物的重要摄食者,通过摄食作用对后者的种类(或类群)组成、粒径分布、数量结构和营养价值等属性具有重要的影响,而这与HNF的摄食选择性有直接关系。对HNF摄食选择性的研究有助于深入了解HNF在海洋微食物环乃至整个海洋生态系统中的作用。就国际上已开展的HNF摄食选择性相关研究进行了回顾,分析和总结了影响HNF选择性摄食的关键因素,如食物大小、游动性、营养价值及食物细胞表面的生化结构特征等,并重点介绍了HNF摄食选择性形成的主要机制以及HNF的选择性摄食在调节海洋微微型浮游生物群落结构中的作用。 相似文献
10.
长江口邻近海域浮游细菌分布与环境因子的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2003年9-10月"东海陆架水交换"调查航次期间获得的浮游异养细菌、寡营养细菌和光合细菌的分布资料和实测水环境数据,探讨了这三类细菌的分布特征及其与相关环境因子的关系。结果表明:在长江口邻近海域,以30等盐线为界,三类细菌的空间分布具有显著差异;调节制约这三类细菌类群生长和分布的环境因子不同;表层硝酸盐浓度1μmol/L可作为一个特征浓度,高于1μmol/L的海域,陆源输入的硝酸盐对于这三类细菌的生长和分布具有重要影响,低于1μmol/L的海域,硝酸盐的影响较小或无影响。同时,采用法国梅里埃API STAPH系统,结合电镜观察,对两株已获得纯培养的有色菌株进行了属种的鉴定,分别是变异微球菌(Micrococcus varians)和玫瑰微球菌(Micrococcus roseus),目前尚未发现这两种细菌在长江口及其邻近海域分布的报道。 相似文献