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1.
The terminus of the ephemeral Río Colorado is located at the margins of Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, the world's largest salt lake. The low-gradient (<0.0006 m m-1), non-vegetated reaches approaching the terminus provide an excellent natural laboratory for investigating cascades of channel-floodplain changes that occur in response to quasi-regular flows (at least once annually) and fine-grained sediment supply (dominantly silt and clay). High-resolution satellite imagery (<0.65 m, various dates from 2004 onwards) and field data reveal widespread, pronounced and rapid morphodynamics on sub-decadal timescales, including channel erosion and chute cutoff formation, and development of crevasse channels and splays, floodouts (unchannelled surfaces at channel termini), and erosion cells (floodplain scour-transport-fill features). In particular, following high annual precipitation (>400 mm) in 2004–2005 and two subsequent high magnitude daily precipitation events (~40 mm), all of which led to widespread flooding, numerous crevasse splays formed between 2004 and 2016, avulsions occurred at nearby floodouts, and erosion cells downstream of the splays and floodouts underwent striking morphological changes. High-precision GPS data reveal two preferential localities for erosion cell development: partially or fully abandoned channels with crevasse splay remnants, and topographic lows between channels. In this overall low-gradient setting, comparatively high gradients (up to ~0.0006 m m-1) at the edge of splay deposits and topography created by crevasses and abandoned channels may initiate knickpoint retreat and thereafter erosion cell development. Abandoned channels with splays tend to give rise to narrow, deep erosion cells, while topographic lows promote relatively shallow, wide erosion cells. In both situations, erosion cells may extend upslope and downslope, and eventually connect to form straight channels. The channel-floodplain morphodynamics near the Río Colorado terminus extend previous analyses of low-gradient, dryland river systems, particularly because the lack of vegetation and quasi-regular floods drive cascades of rapid changes on sub-decadal timescales. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
2.
Sulfate chitosan derivatives have good solubility and therapeutic effect on the cell model of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect of sulfate chitosan derivatives on NAFLD. The male Wistar rats were orally fed high fat emulsion and received sulfate chitosan derivatives for 5 weeks to determine the pre-treatment effect of sulfate chitosan derivatives on NAFLD. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of sulfate chitosan derivatives on NAFLD, the rats were orally fed with high concentration emulsion for 5 weeks, followed by sulfate chitosan derivatives for 3 weeks. Histological analysis and biomedical assays showed that sulfate chitosan derivatives can dramatically prevent the development of hepatic steatosis in hepatocyte cells. In animal studies, pre-treatment and treatment with sulfate chitosan derivatives significantly protected against hepatic steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet according to histological analysis. Furthermore, increased TC, ALT, MDA, and LEP in NAFLD were significantly ameliorated by pre-treatment and treatment with sulfate chitosan derivatives. Furthermore, increased TG, AST, and TNF-α in NAFLD were significantly ameliorated by treatment with sulfate chitosan derivatives. Sulfate chitosan derivatives have good pre-treatment and therapeutic effect on NAFLD.  相似文献   
3.
星载SAR对雨团催生海面风场的观测研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
雨团或对流雨是热带与亚热带地区的主要降雨形式,较易被高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)探测到。SAR图像上的雨团足印是由大气中雨滴的散射与吸收、下沉气流等共同导致形成的。本文以RADARSAT-2卫星100 m分辨率的SAR图像上雨团引起的海面风场及其结构反演与解译作为实例进行分析。使用CMOD4地球物理模式函数,分别以NCEP再分析数据、欧洲MetOp-A卫星先进散射计(ASCAT)和中国HY-2卫星微波散射计的风向为外部风向,进行了SAR图像的海面风场反演。反演的海面风速相对于NCEP、ASCAT和HY-2的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为1.48 m/s,1.64 m/s和2.14 m/s。SAR图像上一侧明亮另一侧昏暗的圆形信号图斑被解译为雨团携带的下沉气流对海面风场(海面粗糙度)的改变所致。平行于海面背景风场其通过雨团圆形足印中心的剖面上的风速变化可拟合为正弦或余弦曲线,其拟合线性相关系数均不低于0.80。背景风场的风速大小、雨团引起的风速大小以及雨团足印的直径可利用拟合曲线获得,雨团足印的直径大小一般为数千米或数十千米,本文的8例个例解译与分析均验证了该结论。  相似文献   
4.
陈国良  刘修国  盛谦  张勇慧 《岩土力学》2011,32(8):2409-2415
针对基于近似平行断面数据的建模方法的缺点,利用交叉地质剖面数据,提出了一种通过划分空间单元格的思路来构建地质结构模型的方法。该方法基于"分而自治"的思想,将复杂的整体的建模区域划分为单个单元格内的建模,待每个格子内的建模完成之后,采用相反的思路,将所有格子内的模型拼接起来形成最终的建模区域内的整体模型。  相似文献   
5.
驼背鲈外周血细胞的形态学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用Wright's和Giemsa双重染色法和改良的血涂片染色法两种方式,通过光镜对驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)的血涂片进行了观察.结果表明:驼背鲈的血涂片中可区分出6种细胞--红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞,偶尔可见到分裂的红细胞、分裂的血栓细胞、核影红细胞和...  相似文献   
6.
This paper uses the ARW-WRF model to carry out a numerical simulation of a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over southern China on the 22–23 May, 2014. A composite analysis method was used to analyze the evolution process and structural features of the convective cells on a convection line during this rainfall event. This analysis identified three stages: (1) Stage of activation: the equivalent potential temperature surfaces as lower layers start to bulge and form warm cells and weak vertical convective cloud towers which are subject to the impact of low-level warm moist updrafts in the rainfall sector; (2) Stage of development: the warm cells continue to bulge and form warm air columns and the convective cloud towers develop upwards becoming stronger as they rise; (3) Stage of maturity: the warm air columns start to connect with the stable layer in the upper air; the convective cloud tower will bend and tilt westward with each increasing in height, and the convection cell is characterized by a “crescent-shaped echo” above the 700hPa plane. During this stage the internal temperature of the cell is higher than the ambient temperature and the dynamic structural field is manifested as intensive vertical upward movement. The large-value centers of the northerly and westerly winds in the middle layer correspond to the warm moist center in the cells and the relatively cold center south of the warm air column. Further analysis shows that the formation of the “crescent-shaped” convective cell is associated with horizontal vorticity. Horizontal vorticity in the center and west of the warm cell experiences stronger cyclonic and anticyclonic shear transformation over time; this not only causes the original suborbicular cell echo shape to develop into a crescent-like shape, but also makes a convection line consisting of cells that develop to the northwest.  相似文献   
7.
慢性肾衰的进程中伴随着肾脏炎症的发生,研究表明褐藻多糖硫酸酯具有抗炎作用,且对于慢性肾衰的早期治疗具有一定的作用。本文通过脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导,建立大鼠肾小球系膜细胞的炎症模型,用来源于海带的高分子质量褐藻多糖硫酸酯F1和低分子质量褐藻多糖硫酸酯F2对细胞进行处理,24 h后MTT法检测各组细胞活力,Griess法检测24 h及48 h后细胞培养液中NO的含量。结果表明,各组间细胞活力无明显差异;脂多糖可以诱导大鼠肾小球系膜细胞NO产量增加,F1和F2均可在一定程度上抑制脂多糖诱导的NO产量的增加,从而减轻细胞炎症反应。剂量为25μg/m L的F1和F2处理细胞48 h后,与模型组相比,F1和F2组细胞培养液中NO含量分别下降22.52%和38.65%,低分子质量褐藻多糖硫酸酯抗炎效果明显高于高分子质量褐藻多糖硫酸酯。  相似文献   
8.
通过分析海绵清除大肠杆菌的过程,研究海绵净化细菌的机理。作者利用荧光显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观测等手段,监测和分析了绿色荧光大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)在繁茂膜海绵(Hymeniacidon perlevis)体内、体外水环境中数量变化过程。在1 L含有3×107个/m L绿色荧光大肠杆菌的海水中放入鲜重(1.02±0.11)g的繁茂膜海绵24块,处理7 h,海水中的荧光大肠杆菌数量逐渐降低;而海绵体内荧光大肠杆菌数量在2 h时内逐渐增多,之后的2 h趋于稳定,4 h以后开始逐渐减少。水体中大肠杆菌不仅进入海绵体内,而且进入海绵细胞内。含有荧光大肠杆菌的海绵块转入无菌海水中后,海绵体内及细胞中大肠杆菌逐渐消失,而且大肠杆菌没有被释放到环境海水中。分析表明,繁茂膜海绵能够以摄食的方式净化水环境中的大肠杆菌。  相似文献   
9.
通过控制暂养水体盐度,用盐度突变与盐度渐变2种方法测定长蛸的盐度耐受性.测定了长蛸血细胞密度、各类血细胞数量比例以及各种酶的活力几组数据,并分析其血细胞与体内酶活力的变化.结果表明:长蛸的生存盐度范围为7.0~30.3,适宜盐度范围为16.3~27.3,最适盐度范围为18.3~24.3,对盐度的适应范围较广,有利于长蛸大规模养殖的开展.在盐度胁迫下,长蛸血细胞密度,各种血细胞数量比例均发生显著改变,长蛸个体也随着胁迫加大变得越来越不适应,出现喷墨、休克、甚至死亡,这表明长蛸的免疫机能降低.无论在低盐度还是高盐度胁迫情况下,受渗透压的影响,长蛸肌体大量吸水和失水,呼吸作用减弱,体内供氧降低,导致长蛸体内有氧呼吸降低和无氧呼吸提高,于是催化有氧呼吸的LDH酶活力降低.同时,细胞内与免疫和消化相关的细胞器由于细胞吸水或失水作用功能受到影响,保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)、磷酸酶(ACP、AKP)和消化酶(蛋白酶和脂肪酶)的活力均呈下降趋势.由此可见,盐度胁迫对长蛸的影响是显著的.  相似文献   
10.
利用免疫细胞化学法测定鱼类淋巴囊肿病毒(LCDV)滴度.以牙鲆鳃细胞系(FG)作为感染细胞,将生长旺盛的FG细胞接种于48孔培养板中培养至形成细胞单层,用2倍连续稀释的LCDV粗提液分别接种FG细胞.固定各稀释度LCDV感染后的FG细胞,孵育抗牙鲆LCDV单克隆抗体,其后再运用生物素-亲合素反应系统,以碱性磷酸酶底物APRed试剂盒发色.倒置显微镜观察,被病毒感染的FG细胞的细胞质呈现红色,未被感染细胞的细胞质呈无色.记录各稀释度病毒感染的阳性细胞孔数,按Reed-Muench法计算组织细胞培养半数感染量(TCID0).结果显示,免疫细胞化学法测得LCDV在FG的滴度为1.77×210 TCID50/mL.该法可以用来有效测定LCDV滴度,且结果直观、准确性较好,灵敏度较高.  相似文献   
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