A machine learning approach for predicting computational intensity and domain decomposition in parallel geoprocessing     

Peng Yue  Fan Gao  Boyi Shangguan  Zheren Yan 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(11):2243-2274

ABSTRACT

High performance computing is required for fast geoprocessing of geospatial big data. Using spatial domains to represent computational intensity (CIT) and domain decomposition for parallelism are prominent strategies when designing parallel geoprocessing applications. Traditional domain decomposition is limited in evaluating the computational intensity, which often results in load imbalance and poor parallel performance. From the data science perspective, machine learning from Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promise for better CIT evaluation. This paper proposes a machine learning approach for predicting computational intensity, followed by an optimized domain decomposition, which divides the spatial domain into balanced subdivisions based on the predicted CIT to achieve better parallel performance. The approach provides a reference framework on how various machine learning methods including feature selection and model training can be used in predicting computational intensity and optimizing parallel geoprocessing against different cases. Some comparative experiments between the approach and traditional methods were performed using the two cases, DEM generation from point clouds and spatial intersection on vector data. The results not only demonstrate the advantage of the approach, but also provide hints on how traditional GIS computation can be improved by the AI machine learning.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term cyclic horizontal loading on bucket foundations in saturated loose sand     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

A 1-g model experimental study was conducted to investigate the accumulated rotations and unloading stiffness of bucket foundations in saturated loose sand. One-way horizontal cyclic loading was applied to model bucket foundations with embedment ratios 0.5 and 1.0. Up to 10⁴ cycles of loading were applied at a frequency of 0.2 Hz varying load amplitudes. The accumulated rotation of the bucket foundations increased with the number of cycles and the load amplitudes. Empirical equations were proposed to describe the accumulated rotation of the foundations. The unloading stiffness of foundations increased with the number of cycles but decreased with an increase in load amplitude. The initial unloading stiffness of L/D = 1.0 (L is skirt length; D is foundation diameter) was approximately twice that of L/D = 0.5. Excess pore water pressure difference of 50% was observed between L/D = 0.5 and 1.0. The suction and static capacity of the bucket increased with increase of bucket embedment ratio with a difference of 69.5% and 73.6% respectively between L/D = 0.5 and 1.0.  相似文献   

大气负荷对新疆地区地壳形变和地面重力变化的影响     

王海涛  王斌  王伟  章传银 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):189-194

基于ECMWF全球大气模型和中国地面气候资料日值数据集中新疆及周边的气象站气压数据，根据弹性地壳形变理论，采用移去-恢复法，利用负荷格林函数法和球谐函数法，计算新疆及周边区域2011~2015年大气负荷变化对地壳垂直、水平形变的影响，同时采用大气导纳方法计算大气变化对地面重力的影响。结果表明，大气负荷对新疆地区垂直形变的影响达到cm级，对地面重力的影响可达10 μGal；大气负荷影响具有明显的季节性。  相似文献   

地震作用下纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能分析          下载免费PDF全文

张童  雷真  朱争光  吴亚玲 《地震工程学报》2020,42(1):57-62,72

为了解地震作用下纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能,采用钢筋、混凝土、纤维编织网浇筑纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱,编织网主材为碳、玻璃纤维束;利用电液伺服加载系统为试件加载地震作用,监测相关数据,部分试件置入氯化钠溶液进行多次干湿循环。不同环境下的实验结果显示:纤维编织网层数越多,纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱承载能力越强,抗震性能越好;配箍间距较大时,纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能仅在地震作用的后期呈现较差状态;干湿循环次数越多,纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱承载力越弱,抗震性能越差。对于氯盐环境而言,可增加纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗腐蚀措施改善抗震性能。适当增加纤维编织网的数量、降低配箍间距有利于提升纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能。  相似文献   

强震下混凝土剪力墙受弯模拟及测试实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

戴勤友  张正瑞 《地震工程学报》2020,42(2):337-344

为提高混凝土剪力墙受弯性能计算的准确度,开展强震下混凝土剪力墙受弯性能试验研究。选取1个混凝土剪力墙对比试件和3个测试试件作为研究对象,对试件施加垂直荷载和水平荷载,模拟强烈地震作用力。试验前期准备工作完成后,建立分离式有限元模型,通过计算混凝土在受压和受拉状态下的损伤弹塑性刚度,完成对有限元模型中混凝土塑性损伤分析,在此基础上,计算混凝土剪力墙受弯承载力。利用有限元模型对3个测试试件进行模拟试验,结果表明,强烈地震后3个试件的荷载-位移曲线均与实际位移值接近,且混凝土剪力墙受弯承载力试验结果与实际值的误差在2%以内,表明试验研究方法具有一定的可行性,数值模拟结果较为准确。  相似文献   

Dynamic characteristics of marine soft clay under variable phase difference and initial static shear stress     

Wenqian Dong  Xiuqing Hu  Hongtao Fu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(7):770-785

Abstract

Under seismic loading, the soil layer is subjected to multidirectional cyclic shear stress with different amplitudes and frequencies because of the coupling of multiple shear waves and the soil element within a slope or behind a retaining wall is subjected to initial static shear stress before subjected to cyclic loading. Due to the complexity of seismic loading propagation, a phase difference exists between the initial static shear stress and cyclic shear stress. To investigate the influence of the phase difference and initial static shear stress on cyclic shear strain, cyclic modulus, and cyclic strength, a series of laboratory tests are performed on Wenzhou marine soft clay by multi-directional simple shear system, which can simulate the actual state better by controlling the horizontal cyclic stress in the x and y directions simultaneously. As the phase difference varies from 0° to 90°, the dynamic shear modulus increases and cyclic strain accumulation decreases with an increasing number of cycles. The shear strain increases with the initial shear stress.  相似文献   

Storm-induced turbidity currents on a sediment-starved shelf: Insight from direct monitoring and repeat seabed mapping of upslope migrating bedforms     

Alexandre Normandeau  Daniel Bourgault  Urs Neumeier  Patrick Lajeunesse  Guillaume St-Onge  Louis Gostiaux  Cédric Chavanne 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1045-1068

The monitoring of turbidity currents enables accurate internal structure and timing of these flows to be understood. Without monitoring, triggers of turbidity currents often remain hypothetical and are inferred from sedimentary structures of deposits and their age. In this study, the bottom currents within 20 m of the seabed in one of the Pointe-des-Monts (Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada) submarine canyons were monitored for two consecutive years using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers. In addition, multibeam bathymetric surveys were carried out during deployment of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and recovery operations. These new surveys, along with previous multibeam surveys carried out over the last decade, revealed that crescentic bedforms have migrated upslope by about 20 to 40 m since 2007, despite the limited supply of sediment on the shelf or river inflow in the region. During the winter of 2017, two turbidity currents with velocities reaching 0·5 m sec⁻¹ and 2·0 m sec⁻¹, respectively, were recorded and were responsible for the rapid (<1 min) upstream migration of crescentic bedforms measured between the autumn surveys of 2016 and 2017. The 200 kg (in water) mooring was also displaced 10 m down-canyon, up the stoss side of a bedform, suggesting that a dense basal layer could be driving the flow during the first minute of the event. Two other weaker turbidity currents with speeds <0·5 m sec⁻¹ occurred, but did not lead to any significant change on the seabed. These four turbidity currents coincided with strong and sustained wind speed >60 km h⁻¹ and higher than normal wave heights. Repeat seabed mapping suggests that the turbidity currents cannot be attributed to a canyon-wall slope failure. Rather, sustained windstorms triggered turbidity currents either by remobilizing limited volumes of sediment on the shelf or by resuspending sediment in the canyon head. Turbidity currents can thus be triggered when the sediment volume available is limited, likely by eroding and incorporating canyon thalweg sediment in the flow, thereby igniting the flow. This process appears to be particularly important for the generation of turbidity currents capable of eroding the lee side of upslope migrating bedforms in sediment-starved environments and might have wider implications for the activity of submarine canyons worldwide. In addition, this study suggests that a large external trigger (in this case storms) is required to initiate turbidity currents in sediment-starved environments, which contrasts with supply-dominated environments where turbidity currents are sometimes recorded without a clear triggering mechanism.  相似文献   

自由段先注浆对预应力锚索抗拔试验结果影响研究     

杨庆光  柳雄  刘杰  何杰  梁凌川  陈斌 《岩土力学》2020,41(10):3317-3325

为了解决无法采用已注浆锚索进行抗拔试验问题，基于界面脱黏剪切模型，利用荷载传递和弹性变形理论，考虑锚索锚固段与自由段长度比Lb /La的影响，建立了采用自由段已注浆锚索抗拔试验结果评价锚索抗拔性能的方法。结果表明：自由段注浆对锚索抗拔力有较大幅度的提高，尤其是当界面剪切阶段由弹性向脱黏过渡时，提高比例快速增加，并在脱黏后逐渐趋于稳定。其次，锚索自由段与锚固段交界面处剪切位移和轴力最大，并向两端逐渐降低。随着拉拔力的提高，界面剪切位移和轴力都不断增大，同时向锚索两端的衰减速度也加快。此外，弹性阶段时剪应力曲线为山峰型，而脱黏阶段为马鞍型，并随抗拔力的提高，马鞍开口逐渐扩大。最后，锚固段与自由段长度比Lb /La对锚索极限抗拔力的影响较小，其极限抗拔力折减系数?Q取值介于0.81～0.83之间，且Lb /La =2.5时，?Q计算值仅比实测结果小6.02%，验证了本文方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Analysis of resistance factors for LRFD of soil nail pullout limit state using default FHWA load and resistance models     

Hui Hu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(3):332-348

Abstract

Resistance factors for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of pullout limit state of both permanent and temporary soil nails are calibrated against a wide design space using the current Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) nail load and resistance models. The calculated resistance factors were shown to scatter broadly among design scenarios that differ in wall face batter, soil friction angle, nail ultimate bond strength, and surcharge live load. An important lesson learned from the analysis results is that the current practice of using a single resistance factor for LRFD of nail pullout limit state could not result in uniform reliabilities across different design scenarios. Simple artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed for computation of resistance factors. Design examples demonstrated the ability of the ANN models in providing resistance factors that yield satisfactory and consistent reliabilities in different nail pullout designs.  相似文献   

连续弯箱梁自行车桥地震响应分析          下载免费PDF全文

施有志  林四新  阮建凑  林树枝 《地震工程学报》2020,42(5):1208-1216

为研究厦门市弯箱梁自行车桥的地震响应规律，采用SAP2000有限元软件建立自行车高架桥三维壳体模型，在考虑多遇地震和罕遇地震水准作用及不同加载方向的基础上，分别采用反应谱分析法和时程分析法进行该桥的动力响应分析。结果表明：自行车桥z方向位移分量最大，且z方向分量极值均发生在曲线分叉段；相对剪力而言，桥墩竖向支反力相对较小；E1和E2地震水准响应情况随时间的变化趋势基本一致，桥梁结构未进入塑形状态，抗震性能良好，安全性指标较高；反应谱法计算得到的响应包络值相对3条不同的地震时程结果的峰值大，在实际桥梁抗震分析过程中需要综合考虑两者的分析结果。文章研究结果对今后自行车桥设计和抗震性能分析具有指导意义，并可为研究者对该类桥的进一步研究提供借鉴。  相似文献