1971-2010年河南省霜期的时空分布及其对气温的响应     

姬兴杰  李凤秀  王纪军 《气象与环境学报》2015,31(1):67-75

利用1971-2010年河南省均匀分布的110个地面气象站霜的观测资料,采用线性倾向率和单相关分析法,对近40 a河南省初霜期、终霜期和无霜期的时空分布特征及其对气温的响应进行研究,利用M-K法分析霜期的突变特征。结果表明：1971-2010年河南省平均无霜期为221.3 d,纬度与初霜期（R=-0.806）和无霜期（R=-0.707）均呈显著负相关,与终霜期（R=0.557）呈显著正相关;初霜期以2.6 d/10 a的速率呈明显推迟（p<0.01）,而终霜期的线性变化趋势不明显,无霜期以4.7 d/10 a的速率呈明显延长（p<0.01）;初霜期、终霜期和无霜期的突变点均在1998年。从各地区看,初霜期在各地区呈明显推迟,豫西地区推迟趋势最大（3.5 d/10 a,p<0.01）;终霜期仅在豫西和豫南地区呈显著提前;除豫东地区外,无霜期在其余5个地区均呈明显延长,豫西地区延长趋势最大（7.7 d/10 a,p<0.01）。从各观测站霜期的变化趋势空间分布来看,初霜期显著推后、终霜期显著提前和无霜期明显延长的站点分布在豫西和豫南地区。河南省初霜期与10月、终霜期与3月气温因子相关性较强;初霜期推迟和终霜期提前主要由气温升高引起的,其中平均最低气温是最重要的影响因素。初霜期推迟和终霜期提前导致无霜期延长。  相似文献   

Latest Devonian to earliest Carboniferous conodont and carbon isotope stratigraphy of a shallow‐water sequence in South China     

Wenkun Qie  Xiang‐Dong Wang  Xionghua Zhang  Wenting Ji  Ethan L. Grossman  Xing Huang  Jiangsi Liu  Genming Luo 《Geological Journal》2016,51(6):915-935

To improve regional and intercontinental correlation of the uppermost Devonian–lowermost Carboniferous, we examined the conodont faunas and carbon isotopic records of the Tangbagou Formation in the Qilinzhai section, southern Guizhou, South China. The Tangbagou Formation is a succession of mixed carbonate–siliciclastic rocks that accumulated on a shallow‐water platform under normal marine conditions. Seven conodont zones for shallow‐water biofacies in South China, the Cl. gilwernensis–Cl. unicornis Zone, the Po. spicatus Zone, the Si. homosimplex Zone, the Si. sinensis Zone, the Si. eurylobata Zone, the Ps. multistriatus Zone and the Po. co. porcatus Zone in ascending order, are recognized in the Tangbagou Formation. Although apparently limited in its value for global correlation, this conodont zonation is more applicable to shallow‐water biofacies in South China. Carbonate samples have yielded carbon isotopic signatures consistent with those recorded in Euroamerica sections, in particular showing four distinct characteristics: (1) the peak values of Hangenberg Carbon Isotope Excursion (HICE) during the latest Devonian, (2) a minor positive shift (P1) in the Si. homosimplex Zone during the early Tournaisian, (3) a second minor positive shift (P2) in the Si. sinensis Zone and (4) the middle Tournaisian Carbon Isotope Excursion (TICE) in the middle part of the Tangbagou Formation. The similarity in peak values (~5.5‰) and magnitude of TICE for the Qilinzhai and Belgian sections indicates that the Euro‐asia δ¹³C_carb trends may reflect the changes in global mean ocean δ¹³C_DIC, rather than having been overprinted by local carbon cycling. Integration of conodont biostratigraphy and δ¹³C stratigraphy provides a powerful tool for stratigraphic correlation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The Major Two-stage Shortening Deformation of the Northern Tibet and Tian Shan Area Since the Latest Oligocene     

LU Haijian  LI Haibing  LIU Dongliang 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1546-1560

It seems to be progressively recognized that the stress of the India-Asia convergent front can be transferred rapidly through the southern and central Tibetan lithosphere to the northern Tibet, hence leading to the crustal thickening deformation there during or immediately after the onset of the India-Asia collision(ca.55 Ma).This study focuses on the late Cenozoic deformation and tectonic uplift of the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area.Detailed compilations of a variety of proxy data from sediments and bedrocks suggest that the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area underwent one stage of approximately synchronous widespread contractile deformation since 25–20 Ma, which seemed to decrease at circa 18 Ma as revealed by low-temperature thermochronological data.The latest Oligocene-early Miocene was also significant basin-forming episodes when many intermontane subbasins began to receive syntectonic sedimentation in the northeastern Tibet.Subsequently, the other phase of compressional deformation began to encroach more widely into the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area in episodic steps or continuously from 16–12 Ma to present.  相似文献   

Defining the Potential of Nanoscale Re‐Os Isotope Systematics Using Atom Probe Microscopy          下载免费PDF全文

Luke Daly  Phil A. Bland  Svetlana Tessalina  David W. Saxey  Steven M. Reddy  Denis Fougerouse  William D.A. Rickard  Lucy V. Forman  Alexandre La Fontaine  Julie M. Cairney  Simon P. Ringer  Bruce F. Schaefer  Daniel Schwander 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2018,42(3):279-299

Atom probe microscopy (APM) is a relatively new in situ tool for measuring isotope fractions from nanoscale volumes (< 0.01 μm³). We calculate the theoretical detectable difference of an isotope ratio measurement result from APM using counting statistics of a hypothetical data set to be ± 4δ or 0.4% (2s). However, challenges associated with APM measurements (e.g., peak ranging, hydride formation and isobaric interferences), result in larger uncertainties if not properly accounted for. We evaluate these factors for Re‐Os isotope ratio measurements by comparing APM and negative thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N‐TIMS) measurement results of pure Os, pure Re, and two synthetic Re‐Os‐bearing alloys from Schwander et al. (2015, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 50, 893) [the original metal alloy (HSE) and alloys produced by heating HSE within silicate liquid (SYN)]. From this, we propose a current best practice for APM Re‐Os isotope ratio measurements. Using this refined approach, mean APM and N‐TIMS ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁹Os measurement results agree within 0.05% and 2s (pure Os), 0.6–2% and 2s (SYN) and 5–10% (HSE). The good agreement of N‐TIMS and APM ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁹Os measurements confirms that APM can extract robust isotope ratios. Therefore, this approach permits nanoscale isotope measurements of Os‐bearing alloys using the Re‐Os geochronometer that could not be measured by conventional measurement principles.  相似文献   

青藏高原北羌塘他念他翁山吉塘岩群酉西岩组时代的确定   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

何世平  李荣社  于浦生  辜平阳  王超  杨永成  张维吉 《地质学报》2012,86(6):985-993

关于位于青藏高原北羌塘地区的吉塘岩群是否属于前寒武纪变质岩系历来存在较大争议,对其形成年龄一直缺少有效同位素年代学限定。通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱仪)锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得他念他翁山一带吉塘岩群酉西岩组石英绿泥片岩(原岩为中性火山岩)的原岩形成年龄为965±55Ma,绿片岩(原岩为中基性火山岩)的原岩形成年龄为1048.2±3.3Ma,表明吉塘岩群酉西岩组原岩形成时代为蓟县纪末—南华纪初。吉塘岩群酉西岩组可能代表Rodinia超大陆裂解早期伸展期间火山-沉积作用的地质记录。  相似文献   

Effects of prescribed initial cloud droplet spectra on convective cloud and precipitation developments under different thermodynamic conditions: A modeling and observational study   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Hee-Jung Yang  Seong Soo Yum   《Atmospheric Research》2007,86(3-4):207-224

A two-dimensional cloud model with bin microphysics was used to investigate the effects of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and thermodynamic conditions on convective cloud and precipitation developments. Two different initial cloud droplet spectra were prescribed based on the total CCN concentrations of maritime (300 cm^− 3) and continental (1000 cm^− 3) air masses, and the model was run on eight thermodynamic conditions obtained from observational soundings. Six-hourly sounding data and 1-hourly precipitation data from two nearby weather stations in Korea were analyzed for the year 2002 to provide some observational support for the model results.For one small Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) ( 300 J kg^− 1) sounding, the maritime and continental differences were incomparably large. The crucial difference was the production of ice phase hydrometeors in the maritime cloud and only water drops in the continental cloud. Ice phase hydrometeors and intrinsically large cloud drops of the maritime cloud eventually lead to significant precipitation. Meanwhile negligible precipitation developed from the continental cloud. For the three other small CAPE soundings, generally weak convective clouds developed but the maritime and continental clouds were of the same phases (both warm or both cold) and their differences were relatively small.Model runs with the four large CAPE ( 3000 J kg^− 1) soundings demonstrated that the depth between the freezing level (FL) and the lifting condensation level (LCL) was crucial to determine whether a cloud becomes a cold cloud or not, which in turn was found to be a crucial factor to enhance cloud invigoration with the additional supply of freezing latent heat. For two large CAPE soundings, FL–LCL was so deep that penetration of FL was prohibitive, and precipitation was only mild in the maritime clouds and negligible in the continental clouds. Two other soundings of similarly large CAPE had small FL–LCL, and both the maritime and continental clouds became cold clouds. Precipitation was strong for both but much more so in the maritime clouds, while the maximum updraft velocity and the cloud top were slightly higher in continental clouds. Although limited to small CAPE cases, more precipitation for smaller FL–LCL for a selected group of precipitation and thermodynamic sounding data from Korea was in support of these model results in its tendency.These results clearly demonstrated that the CCN effects on cloud and precipitation developments critically depended on the given thermodynamic conditions and not just the CAPE but the entire structure of the thermodynamic profiles had to be taken into account.  相似文献   

博州农区近50年终霜冻的变化趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘新旺  陈万江  王小梅  仲郭军 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(4):35-38

利用博州农区3个气象站1958-2007年的终霜冻观测资料,分析了其变化趋势。结果表明：博州不同地区终霜冻出现时间差异较大,温泉地区较博乐、精河地区分别偏早15d、20d;在博州自东向西随着海拔高度的增加,终霜冻的变幅增加,不稳定性增加;博州农区终霜冻的变化均呈提前趋势,博乐、精河、温泉三地又以博乐最为明显,提前速率为0.17d／a;博州农区终霜冻的变化具有明显的阶段性;博州三地终霜冻年际变化均具有4-5a、15a的振荡周期,而温泉还具有不同于其他两地的35a振荡周期。  相似文献   

Floral changes in calcareous nannofossils and their paleoceanographic significance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last 500 000 years     

Shun  Chiyonobu  Tokiyuki  Sato  Reika  Narikiyo  Makoto  Yamasaki 《Island Arc》2006,15(4):476-482

Abstract   The late Quaternary calcareous nannofossil assemblages from Ocean Drilling Program Holes 807A and 846B, located in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, respectively, were analyzed to clarify changes in surface-water conditions during the last 500 000 years. The uppermost Quaternary sediments in both holes contain abundant nannofossils, and their assemblages are characterized by high species diversity. The absolute abundances of coccoliths (specimens/g) and relative numbers of small reticulofenestrids decreased drastically in both holes between 0.3 and 0.2 Ma, whereas the relative abundance of warm-water species and Florisphaera profunda increased suddenly at this time. These data indicate that upwelling around the western and eastern equatorial Pacific regions weakened after 0.2 Ma, which was caused by a decrease in trade-wind strength.  相似文献   

1976年龙陵地震区断裂活动性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王晋南  王洋龙  安晓文  杨向东  常祖峰 《地震研究》2006,29(4):366-372

研究了1976年龙陵7．3、7．4级地震震区内的龙陵-瑞丽断裂、怒江断裂和腾冲断裂的第四纪构造环境和断裂活动性，得出腾冲火山断裂带具有新生火山、断裂构造作用，并对龙陵-瑞丽断裂、怒江断裂等的活动性产生影响和改造。提出了这一活动构造带内小型北西-北北西向断裂是龙陵强震发震构造的观点。  相似文献   

近50 a渭河流域洪水成因分析及防治对策   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

张琼华  赵景波 《中国沙漠》2006,26(1):117-121

 通过对近50 a渭河流域洪水的年际变化、月际变化和潼关高程变化的综合分析得出，造成该流域洪水灾害的原因有降水量年内分配不均和年际变化大，滩面淤积加重，支流河口淤塞以及河势、流态的恶化等。针对这些原因，根据渭河流域洪水灾害的特点，提出了相应的防治措施，即降低下游高程，减少河道的淤积，增大河道泄洪能力；利用水库进行调水调沙，引进客水冲刷渭河下游；防洪工程要除险加固，提高防洪标准与抗洪能力；恢复林草植被，遏止水土流失，从源头上控制泥沙入河等。  相似文献