Satellite-based Estimates of Canopy Photosynthetic Parameters for an Alpine Meadow in Northern     

NIU Ben  HE Yongtao  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  DU Mingyuan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):253-262

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基于灯光数据的京津冀城市多标度异速分析     

龙玉清  陈彦光 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):88-100

城镇体系的时空演化是一个复杂的动力学过程,具有无尺度性,其特征可以采用异速标度指数定量描述。论文以京津冀为例,基于1992—2013年夜间灯光数据的校正结果,提取城镇夜间灯光信息,采用多标度异速分析方法,分析京津冀城镇体系的相对发展特征及其空间分异格局。研究发现：①京津冀大城市的增长空间局限日益显著。虽然大城市如京津唐的绝对发展水平高,但接近环境承载量的极限,22 a间增长快速的是大城市交接地带的小城市(如三河、迁安、廊坊等)。②相对增长速度快的城市从东北到西南呈现带状分布——政府选择发展的“雄安新区”就在这个轴带上。由此可以得出两个结论：其一,京津冀城市演化的趋势相对均衡化,空间结构异质性逐步减弱,整个城镇体系的发展趋于相对平衡状态;其二,大、小城市“两极”贯通或许是增强城镇体系功能的有效途径。京津冀的空间格局优化不能仅仅考虑主要的、规模大的中心城市,而应该基于等级结构协调整个城镇网络体系。  相似文献   

VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光月度产品插补方法对比——以北京为例     

陈慕琳  蔡红艳 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):126-138

新一代VIIRS/DNB(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band)夜间灯光数据因其具备更精细的时空分辨率、数据不存在饱和现象、不同年份数据可比性强等优点而迅速代替DMSP/OLS(Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System)夜间灯光数据成为新的研究热点。但由于杂散光的污染,VIIRS/DNB夏季数据数值缺失严重,致使数据在空间和时间上不连续,因此,插补缺失数据成为后续应用的前提。鉴于此,论文从插补结果异常值、与参照值对比、计算性能三个方面,系统比较了三次样条插值(样条)、三次Hermite插值(Hermite)、灰色预测模型(GM)、三次指数平滑法(指数)4种插补方法的适用性,以期为插补VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光数据提供方法选择的依据。研究结果表明：①异常值比较方面,Hermite法未出现异常值,另外3种算法仅出现少量异常值(0.02%~1.34%);②与参照值的对比方面,Hermite法与参考值接近程度最高,GM接近程度最低,样条法和指数法介于两者中间;③算法性能比较方面,4种方法都具备计算简单、容易编程的特点,但指数法的算法时长是另外3种方法的10倍以上。因此,综合多方表现,当插补月份前后两侧均有足够长的原始数据时,插补效果好、计算速度快、不会出现过冲现象的Hermite法最适宜,样条法次之;当插补月份仅单侧有足够长的数据时,适宜采用指数法(插补效果好、计算速度较慢)或GM(插补效果偏低、计算速度快)进行插补。  相似文献   

Integration of nighttime light remote sensing images and taxi GPS tracking data for population surface enhancement     

Bailang Yu  Ting Lian  Yixiu Huang  Xinyue Ye  Zuoqi Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(4):687-706

The population distribution grid at fine scales better reflects the distribution of residents and plays an important role in investigating urban systems. The recent years have witnessed a growing trend of applying the nighttime light data to the estimation of population at micro levels. However, using the nighttime light data alone to estimate population may cause the overestimation problem due to excessively high light radiance in specific types of areas such as commercial zones and transportation hubs. In dealing with this issue, this study used taxi trajectory data that delineate people’s movements, and explored the utility of integrating the nighttime light and taxi trajectory data in the estimation of population in Shanghai at the spatial resolution of 500 m. First, the initial population distribution grid was generated based on the NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data. Then, a calibration grid was created with taxi trajectory data, whereby the initial population grid was optimized. The accuracy of the resultant population grid was assessed by comparing it with the refined survey data. The result indicates that the final population distribution grid performed better than the initial population grid, which reflects the effectiveness of the proposed calibration process.  相似文献   

菲与纳米银对胶州湾表层沉积物反硝化作用的复合毒性效应评价     

孙鹏飞  白洁  李岿然  白晓岩  田延昭  赵阳国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):104-114

多环芳烃(PAHs)与纳米材料污染已对沉积物生态系统和人类生存环境构成严重威胁,其复合污染的毒性效应环境危害可能更大。为了深入探讨PAHs与纳米材料对近岸表层沉积物反硝化作用的复合毒性效应,本文选取位于胶州湾(JZB)的大沽河河口区(DRE)E站和湾内S站,分别以菲和纳米银代表PAHs和纳米材料,通过测定不同剂量单一及复合污染下沉积物反硝化潜势(PDA)的变化,结合浓度相加模型(CA)、独立作用模型(IA)和中效/联合指数等效图法(CI)三种复合毒性评价方法,评价菲和纳米银对沉积物反硝化潜势的复合毒性效应,并对评价方法进行了优选。结果表明,两种污染物浓度越高,对研究区域反硝化潜势的抑制作用越大。菲、纳米银单一及复合作用下对河口区沉积物反硝化潜势的EC50值分别为44.62、112.49和64.86 mg·kg-1,对湾内分别为61.79、147.05和96.18 mg·kg-1。菲单一作用对反硝化潜势的抑制效应强于纳米银,但复合污染的抑制效应更强。两种污染物对河口区的沉积物反硝化潜势抑制效应强于湾内,可能与河口区具有较高Eh和沉积物颗粒度及较低的pH、盐度和有机质含量有关。三种毒性效应评价方法的结果表明,菲和纳米银的复合污染对2个站位反硝化潜势的毒性效应均为协同作用,且对大沽河河口区的协同作用更强。此外,CI法对复合效应的预测结果比CA和IA法更为接近实际观测值,且CI不需要考虑污染物作用模式的限制,因此认为CI法更适用于评价混合污染对沉积物反硝化作用复合影响的效果。本研究结果表明,菲和纳米银会增强彼此对反硝化菌及反硝化功能的毒性效应,由此推断,PAHs和纳米材料在环境中同时存在时比其单独存在对沉积环境的危害更大。  相似文献   

光照强度和光色对番红砗磲(Tridacna crocea)氨氮、活性磷酸盐及氧代谢的影响     

刘春胜  刘小霞  汪浩  王爱民  顾志峰 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(2):313-318

采用室内实验生态学方法,以水体中氨氮、活性磷酸盐和溶氧变化为指标研究了光照强度和光色对番红砗磲代谢的影响。结果表明:(1)在0—10000lx光照时,番红砗磲排氨量逐渐减少,在光照12000lx时转为吸收海水中氨氮,并在16000lx时达到最高[1.89μg/(ind·h)];在2000lx光照条件下,番红砗磲可吸收海水中活性磷酸盐并释放氧气。其活性磷酸盐吸收量随光照强度增强而增加,在16000lx时达到最高峰。在实验光照范围内,番红砗磲产氧率随光照强度的增强逐渐增加。上述结果显示番红砗磲最佳光照强度约为16000lx。(2)当番红砗磲自黑暗转移至各光照组后,其氨氮、活性磷酸盐吸收率均随时间逐渐降低,而产氧率则逐渐升高。(3)光色显著影响番红砗磲合成代谢,蓝光最佳,红光次之,白光最差。  相似文献   

超轻油页岩渣陶粒的研制与生产工艺方案设计   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

邓家平  张明华  李泽林  刘冰杰  李巍巍  曹重仪 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,36(6):1031-1035

吉林省桦甸市、农安县油页岩资源丰富。以桦甸市示范电厂油页岩渣为主要原料,用新的烧胀试验方法开展了超轻陶粒的研制,采用自制的新试验装置,烧制出的陶粒接近实际陶粒回转窑水平,并可专门烧制小颗粒陶砂,可比现有烧胀试验方法工作效率提高约50倍;并以国产陶粒设备,提出拟建年产20万m3陶粒工厂工艺方案设计,对窑炉两端的余热利用提出了可行方案。油页岩渣SiO2,Al2O3,R2O含量适中,特别是含碳非常少,可以人为地调整发泡剂的用量而控制陶粒的密度,使在1 030~1 100℃范围内烧制出300~500 kg/m3级陶粒或陶砂。  相似文献   

Effects of Environmental Cadmium on Cadmium Accumulation,Oxidative Response,and Microelements Regulation in the Liver and Kidney of Hexagrammos otakii     

HU Fawen  SUN Ming  LI Li  GAO Fengxiang  JIAN Yuxia  WANG Xue  WANG Xiaolong  GUO Wen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):479-485

The effects of cadmium(Cd)on metal accumulation,microelements contents,and antioxidant responses in Hexagram-mos otakii were studied.The fish were exposed to 0.2,2.5,or 10μg L?1 Cd for 12 or 24 days.Then,the concentration of Cd and mi-croelements(Ca,Fe,Zn,and Se)were determined in the liver and kidney.Moreover,the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione-S-transferase(GST),and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the liver and kidney were also measured.A continuous accumulation of Cd was observed throughout the experimental period.Cd accumulation was higher in liver than that in the kidney,while Ca and Fe contents were lower in liver than those in the kidney.Cd exposure resulted in a decrease of Ca and Fe concentrations in the kidney,while there was no effect on the liver.Zn and Se remained unaffected with exposure to Cd.Cd exposure induced severe oxidative stress in H.otakii,as indicated by significant induction of the activities of SOD,CAT,and GST,and a simultaneous increase of MDA content.These data show that antioxidant enzymes and mi-croelements contents can be used as potential biomarkers to monitor environmental health in fish.  相似文献   

Isolating quartz-dominated OSL signal of rock slice by using pulsed stimulation: Implications for dating burial age of cobbles     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Although the OSL signal sourced from quartz is expected to be more stable and bleached more rapidly than the IRSL signal sourced from feldspar in a general sense, the former is much less investigated than the latter for rock surface related luminescence dating. It is mainly due to the difficulty in isolating quartz-dominated OSL signals from rock slices, and the low sensitivity and non-fast component dominated OSL signals for quartz in most of rocks. In merit of the sub-conduction band transition of trapped electrons of feldspar under both green light stimulation and IR stimulation at elevated temperature (Jain and Ankjӕrgaard, 2011), it is expected that the contribution of feldspars to the green light stimulated luminescence could be substantially reduced by a prior IR stimulation at elevated temperature. Meanwhile, more fast-component dominated quartz OSL signal (if there is any) could be obtained by green light stimulation (Bailey et al., 2011). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the feasibility of using the post-IR pulsed green stimulation, which is performed at 25 °C (PGLSL₂₅) following two IR stimulations (IR₅₀IR₂₂₅), to isolate the quartz-dominated OSL signals from rock slices of granite cobbles for burial dating. The decay characteristics of stimulation curve, characteristic saturation dose and thermal stability of the pIR₅₀IR₂₂₅ PGLSL₂₅ signal suggest that this signal is quartz-dominated, but still not fast-component dominated. We tentatively validated the equivalent dose (D_e) measurement protocol by dose recovery experiment. The luminescence-depth profiles show that the bleaching depths of pIR₅₀IR₂₂₅ PGLSL₂₅ signals are slightly smaller than or close to that of the IR₅₀ signals, while they are much shallower for the pIR₅₀IR₂₂₅ signals. The pIR₅₀IR₂₂₅ PGLSL₂₅ procedure enables multiple D_e values determined from luminescence signals, with different bleachabilities and stabilities, from both feldspars and quartz in one measurement, which is of potential for buried age dating of cobbles.  相似文献   

冻融作用下污泥固化轻质土动力特性及结构演化          下载免费PDF全文

杨爱武  王斌彬  钟晓凯 《水文地质工程地质》2022,49(1):57-65

冻融作用会影响污泥固化轻质土动力特性和结构特性。为研究不同冻融循环次数和冻结温度下的污泥固化轻质土动力特性及结构演化,对冻融循环作用后的污泥固化轻质土进行动三轴试验和固结试验。试验结果表明:在冻融循环作用下,污泥固化轻质土动应力-应变曲线呈弱应变硬化型。污泥固化轻质土动强度和变形随着冻融次数（n）的增加和冻结温度（T）的降低而减小。经历前4次冻融作用后,对固化土变形和动强度影响较大,经历8次冻融循环后基本趋于稳定。冻融循环对土体动力特性的影响本质上是对土体结构性的影响。固化土冻融结构势（m_dσn）的变化规律与动强度类似,随冻融次数的增加和冻结温度的降低而下降。冻融循环次数是影响污泥固化轻质土动力特性和结构性的主要因素,冻结温度为次要因素。  相似文献