复杂载荷作用下立管触地段损伤管道的动力响应     

代云云  周晶  李志刚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):145-153

触地段(Touchdown zone, TDZ)是在役钢悬链线立管(Steel catenary riser, SCR)的关键部位,在复杂载荷作用下,极易形成损伤缺陷,其载荷寿命的评估是深海结构工程中的一个关键问题。本文以大型有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,运用损伤管道实体单元与土弹簧阻尼单元相互作用的模型模拟触地段损伤海底管道在复杂载荷作用下的动力响应,数值计算考虑了管-土相互作用过程中的材料非线性、几何非线性以及接触非线性。讨论了单一环向体积损伤位于触地段管道的不同位置时,触地段损伤管道在不同载荷作用下的动力特性及特征点的动力响应。结果表明,管道所受内外压力以及管道提升端的竖向位移载荷会影响结构的自振频率;体积损伤部位的动力响应较完好部位更剧烈;体积损伤的位置和动力载荷频率对管道动力放大系数的影响很大;当动力载荷的激励频率越接近结构基频时,损伤管道的动力响应及动力放大系数越大。  相似文献   

Mitigating the effects of sand dunes on seismic data from the Rub al Khali basin,Saudi Arabia     

Mustafa Al-Marzooq  Mamadou S. Diallo  Vincent Etienne  Thierry Tonellot  SanLinn I. Kaka 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1825-1837

The Rub Al Khali region in Saudi Arabia is characterized by the presence of sand dunes separated by salt flats, also called Sabkhas. In general, the elevation of dunes in this region varies between 90 and 250 m above sea level. The presence of these sand dunes, along with the rapidly changing surface topography poses challenges for seismic data acquisition and processing. The high contrast in acoustic impedance between the dune base and the underlying formation often results in amplification of seismic waves that are recorded at stations located on the surface of sand dunes. Attempts to address the issue using conventional surface-consistent amplitude scaling methods without reducing these amplification effects generally fail, thus compromising the suitability of the processed data for amplitude versus offset analysis. In this study, we propose a new reference site technique to reduce the effects of sand dune amplification, enabling the production of data sets that are suitable for amplitude versus offset processing. The proposed technique uses a deterministic approach to derive surface-consistent, frequency-dependent de-amplification functions for shots and stations located on the dunes only. Two-dimensional synthetic and field data examples show that the technique significantly reduces the effects of sand dune amplification.  相似文献   

基于SLAF-seq技术的黑棘鲷微卫星标记开发及其在鲷科鱼类中的通用性研究     

吴仁协  肖瑶  牛素芳  翟云  张浩冉  陈伟勇  黎晓 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(2):365-377

黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)是广泛分布于西北太平洋的暖温性中下层经济鱼类,也是我国沿海重要的海洋捕捞鱼类和增养殖对象。然而,目前有关黑棘鲷的微卫星标记研究报道较少,难以对其种质资源状况作出精确评估。本研究采用SLAF-seq技术测序共获得22489个二至六碱基重复的黑棘鲷微卫星序列,短重复序列(二、三碱基)占总微卫星序列的90.8%,长重复序列(四至六碱基)占有9.2%。经过157对随机合成引物的多态性筛选,开发出49个高多态性的黑棘鲷微卫星标记,其中短重复序列位点有25个,长重复序列位点有24个。每个位点的等位基因数(Na)为2—20(均值为8.3),观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.097—0.938和0.122—0.922(均值分别为0.663和0.701),多态信息含量(PIC)为0.118—0.897(均值为0.655)。经Bonferroni校正后,有47个位点符合哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE),各位点间未检测到连锁不平衡现象,仅2个位点偏离HWE。结果表明,所开发的大部分微卫星标记具有高多态性,蕴含的遗传信息含量较为丰富,能够为黑棘鲷的种群遗传资源评估提供数量充足、类型多样的有效分子标记。跨物种扩增结果显示,有43个黑棘鲷微卫星标记可在9种鲷科鱼类中成功扩增,其中28个标记在太平洋棘鲷(Acanthopagruspacificus)、黄鳍棘鲷(Acanthopagruslatus)和澳洲棘鲷(Acanthopagrusaustralis)中具有较好的通用性,2个标记在平鲷(Rhabdosargussarba)、蓝点赤鲷(Pagruscaeruleostictus)、真赤鲷(Pagrusmajor)、二长棘犁齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)及黄牙鲷(Dentex hypselosomus)中具有通用性。这些通用性标记可为阐明鲷科属、种间的系统进化关系和棘鲷属鱼类的群体遗传学分析提供新的标记来源和研究角度。  相似文献   

利用扩增vvhA基因的环介导等温扩增技术快速，特异而敏感地检测创伤弧菌     

张丽娜  王明义  丛殿霞  丁淑研  丛日楠  岳进勇  耿建利  胡成进 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(4):83-88

创伤弧菌是一种可感染人类的河口病原菌。建立快速，特异而敏感的检测方法，有助于创伤弧菌感染的早期疾病诊断和及时治疗。本研究设计了针对vvhA基因的一系列引物（包括两对外部引物和两对内部引物），采用环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）来检测创伤弧菌。结果显示，本方法的最适扩增温度是63℃，反应仅需35分钟。扩增产物不仅可以用含有DNA ladder的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检出，也可借助钙黄绿素直接肉眼观察。采用45株菌株检测该方法的特异性，其中所有创伤弧菌均被检出而其他菌株检测结果皆为阴性。本方法的敏感性是普通PCR扩增的100倍，同时利用该方法可以准确检测出所有的模拟样品、临床标本及环境样品。与其他已知方法比较，针对vvhA基因的介导等温扩增技术可以快速、简单、敏感及特异地鉴定创伤弧菌。  相似文献   

黄土河谷场地地形放大效应的研究     

王良  卢育霞  马林伟  孔德政 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(2):167-171

使用黄土河谷场地模型对地震动峰值加速度和频谱特征进行研究。结果表明，不同工况下各观测点PGA的放大比呈现出不同的变化规律。分析山顶和山谷各点的傅里叶谱以及谱比发现，在地形和土层共同作用下的放大效应是各自单独作用下放大效应的乘积。  相似文献   

Sensitive and rapid detection of two toxic microalgae Alexandrium by loop-mediated isothermal amplification     

ZHANG Fengying  SHI Yanhong  JIANG Keji  XU Zhaoli  MA Lingbo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(2):139-146

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was designed and evaluated for rapid detection of the toxic microalgae Alexandrium catenella and A. minutum, which can produce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Two sets of four specific primers targeting these two species were derived from the sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. The method worked well in less than an hour under isothermal conditions of 65℃. LAMP specificity was validated in closely related algae as a comparison, suggesting the strict specificity of the LAMP primers. Two visual inspection approaches were feasible to interpret the positive or negative results. The detection limits of A. catenella and A. minutum samples using the LAMP assay were found to be 5.6 and 4.5 pg DNA, respectively. The sensitivity of this LAMP assay was 10 or 100-fold higher than Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method in detecting the two microalgae. These characteristics of species specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity suggest that this method has the potentiality in the monitoring of red tide caused by A. catenella and A. minutum.  相似文献   

圆弧形沉积谷地在平面SV波入射下地震响应的有限元分析          下载免费PDF全文

蔡曼琳  丁海平  于彦彦 《世界地震工程》2022,38(1):229-240

详细介绍了求解复杂地形在地震波作用下无量纲频率动力响应的有限元方法,并通过与解析解的比较,验证了本文方法的可行性。同时采用本文的方法,计算了圆弧形沉积谷地在平面SV波入射下的地震响应,分析了沉积谷地厚度、地震波入射角度和频率等因素的影响,结果表明:（1）沉积谷地上方的放大系数明显比两侧的大,两侧的放大系数受沉积谷地的影响较小。（2）相对于半圆形沉积河谷,浅圆弧形沉积谷地在无量纲频率η较小时的放大系数较小,高频差别不大。（3）入射角度对放大系数β有影响,特别是当无量纲频率η较小时,随着频率的增大,β有增大,且峰值向入射波的异侧有少许偏移。（4）层状半空间沉积谷地的β比均匀半空间沉积谷地的大。  相似文献   

Higher-mode force response in multi-story strongback-braced frames     

Barbara G. Simpson Ph.D. 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(14):1406-1427

Strongback-braced frames employ an essentially elastic steel truss, or strongback, that distributes demands more uniformly to delay or prevent story mechanisms. Because inertial forces are no longer limited by the formation of a story mechanism, strongback-braced frames can exhibit large elastic force demands, particularly in the higher modes. This paper characterizes the higher-mode force response of strongback-braced frames. Four-story archetypes were designed using nonlinear dynamic analyses to incorporate higher-mode force demands into the design process. The response of the archetypes was compared with that of reference buckling-restrained braced frames that were allowed to form story mechanisms. The force demands in the strongback were then described using equivalent-static forces to represent the inertial forces induced by the higher modes. Force demands in the strongback arise from a yielding first-mode ‘pivoting’ and elastic higher-mode ‘bending’ response. These higher-mode force demands are elastic, ill-constrained by the strength of the yield mechanism, and depend significantly on the choice of ground motion record used for the analysis. In remaining elastic in the higher modes, the strongback distributes demands more uniformly and mitigates the formation of story mechanisms. Consequently, design and analysis methods for strongback-braced frames need to include estimates for these near-elastic higher-mode force demands.  相似文献   

一种实时场地校正方法及其在地震预警中的应用     

王辅臣  马强  陶冬旺  刘赫奕 《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(1):171-184

地震预警系统对地震数据处理的实时性要求极高。其系统数据来源除布设在基岩的测震台站外,还有大量非基岩场地的强震动台站和地震烈度仪台站,其场地影响不容忽视。为了考虑震级估算和地震动场预测中的场地影响,需实时对各种场地条件下的地震波形进行校正。目前处理一般使用某个标量来表征场地放大效应。本文采用一种实时的场地校正方法,首先计算目标场地与参考场地的谱比,然后通过最小二乘法、双线性变换将谱比转化为因果递归的无限冲激响应(IIR)时域滤波器,之后可以应用该滤波器进行实时场地校正。该方法考虑了场地放大系数的频率依赖性,相比于标量校正提高了准确度。应用我国四川和日本部分强震动台站记录,验证并讨论了这种实时场地校正方法在地震预警中的应用效果。  相似文献   

地震作用下含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡表面放大效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯志仁  刘红帅  于龙 《地震学刊》2014,(1):96-100

为了研究地震作用下含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡表面的放大效应,借用FLAC3D软件,建立了含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡动力分析数值模型;在合理考虑地震动输入、边界条件、网格划分与模型参数的基础上,分析了地震动峰值、频率、持时以及初动方向等因素影响下的边坡表面放大效应。研究结果表明：①地震动峰值、频率和初动方向对边坡表面放大效应的影响较显著,而地震动持时对边坡表面放大效应的影响微小;②随着地震动峰值的增加,放大效应由软弱夹层之上的坡面及坡顶面向坡肩点逐渐增大,坡肩点的放大效应最大;③当输入地震动频率小于边坡的自振频率时,边坡表面加速度放大倍数较小,且频率越小,放大倍数越小,当输入地震动频率大于边坡的自振频率时,边坡表面加速度放大倍数较大,且频率越大,放大倍数亦越大。  相似文献