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1.
黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)是可养殖的少数植食性海水鱼之一。为进一步了解黄斑蓝子鱼的消化生理特征,以及将海藻更科学地应用于配合饲料中,本研究采用不同类型饵料:冰鲜杂鱼(Raw fish,RF)、配方饲料(Formulated diet,FD)、浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifra,EP)和龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis,GL)饲喂黄斑篮子鱼8周,分析鱼内脏特征及其消化酶活性的变化情况。研究结果显示:RF组和FD组鱼的肝体比和脏体比,以及EP组和GL组鱼的肠长比(Relative intestine length,RIL),都显著高于其他组。此外,分析不同处理组鱼的肝和前肠组织形态结构,发现RF组肝细胞核被脂滴挤到细胞边缘,两海藻组前肠黏膜的皱褶程度最高。养殖前三周,鱼的消化酶活性变化波动明显,而之后消化酶活性趋于平稳。消化道的蛋白酶,脂肪酶和α-淀粉酶的水平分别随着日粮中蛋白质,脂肪和碳水化合物水平的变化而变化。虽然,海藻饵料显著降低了黄斑篮子鱼的胃蛋白酶活性,但是提高了机体RIL和前肠黏膜的皱褶程度以弥补其对胃蛋白酶的负面影响。以上结果表明黄斑蓝子鱼的消化系统可较好地适应不同类型的饵料,其适应时间大约为三周。因此,本研究结果也暗示黄斑蓝子鱼也具有一些杂食性鱼类的属性。  相似文献   
2.
东山湾海水养殖布局变化的遥感研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用Landsat卫星序列遥感数据的监督分类方法,识别与分析了东山湾网箱养殖和延绳式养殖两种海水养殖类型的时空变化。1999—2012年间东山湾海水养殖面积扩大了10倍,大型海藻养殖为主的延绳式养殖面积约为以鱼类与贝类养殖为主的网箱养殖面积的5.6倍。东山湾的养殖布局为适应海湾水质特点而逐年调整,网箱养殖区主要集中在水交换能力较强的湾口,延绳式养殖主要集中在营养盐高、水交换能力略弱的湾内。以大型海藻养殖为主的海水养殖大规模扩展,对海湾富营养化趋势起到缓解作用,但规模过大的海水养殖介入可能诱发主要表现在氮循环上的海湾生态系统不稳定。  相似文献   
3.
为比较大型藻抑制赤潮藻的能力,研究了孔石莼、羊栖菜、长浒苔、马尾藻、蜈蚣藻和裙带菜的干粉末海水浸提液对中肋骨条藻的化感抑制作用并从长浒苔中分离出具有强抑制作用的组分。分析6种大型藻浸提液对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制率(Inhibitory rate,IR%)和120 h的半效应浓度(Effect concentration,EC50,120 h)发现,孔石莼、羊栖菜、长浒苔、马尾藻和蜈蚣藻的浸提液在浓度达到2.4 g/L时可在实验周期内使中肋骨条藻全部致死,抑制率达到100%,全部致死所需时间分别为96、120、96、144和144 h,当浓度达到4.8 g/L时,6种大型藻均可全部杀死中肋骨条藻,6种大型藻对中肋骨条藻的EC50,120 h分别为1.0、1.0、1.1、1.4、1.5和4.7 g/L。从长浒苔浸提液中分离的乙酸乙酯萃取组分具有强抑藻效果,受试条件下,其EC50值为0.08 mg/L。乙酸乙酯相气相色谱-质谱分析表明,组分至少包含14种物质,其中9-十八炔和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯是含量最大的2种物质,各物质的抑藻活性尚需进一步研究。长浒苔具有很强的抑藻效果,具有应用于赤潮藻控制的潜力,研究结果为分离鉴定抑制中肋骨条藻的化感物质奠定了基础。  相似文献   
4.
The ecological importance of benthic macroalgal communities in coastal ecosystems has been recognised worldwide and the application of remote sensing to study these communities presents certain advantages respect to in situ methods. The present study used three CHRIS-PROBA images to analyse macroalgal communities distribution in the Seno de Corcubión (NW Spain). The use of this sensor represent a challenge given that its design, build and deployment programme is intended to follow the principles of the “faster, better, cheaper”. To assess the application of this sensor to macroalgal mapping, two types of classifications were carried out: Maximum Likelihood and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). Maximum Likelihood classifier showed positive results, reaching overall accuracy percentages higher than 90% and kappa coefficients higher than 0.80 for the bottom classes shallow submerged sand, deep submerged sand, macroalgae less than 5 m and macroalgae between 5 and 10 m depth. The differentiation among macroalgal groups using SAM classifications showed positive results for green seaweeds although the differentiation between brown and red algae was not clear in the study area.  相似文献   
5.
Airborne hyperspectral and thermal infrared imagery collected over the Florida Current provide a view of the disintegration of a Sargassum drift line in 5 m s−1 winds. The drift line consists mostly of rafts 20-80 m2 in size, though aggregations larger than 1000 m2 also occur. Rafts tend to be elongated, curved in the upwind direction, and 0.1-0.5 °C warmer than the surrounding ocean surface. Long weed ‘trails’ extending upwind from the rafts are evidence of plants dropping out and being left behind more rapidly drifting rafts. The raft line may be a remnant of an earlier Sargassum frontal band, which is detectible as an upwind thermal front and areas of submerged weed. Issues are identified that require future field measurements.  相似文献   
6.
Seagrass decline caused by the macroalgae blooms is becoming a common phenomenon throughout temperate and tropical regions. We summarized the incidence of macroalgae blooms throughout the world and their impact on seagrass beds by direct and indirect ways. The competition for living space and using resources is the most direct effect on seagrass beds when macroalgae are blooming in an aquatic ecosystem. The consequence of macroalgae blooms (e.g., light reduction, hypoxia, and decomposition) can produce significant indirect effects on seagrass beds. Light reduction by the macroalgae can decrease the growth and recruitment of seagrasses, and decomposition of macroalgae mats can increase the anoxic and eutrophic conditions, which can further constrict the seagrass growth. Meanwhile, the presence of seagrass shoots can provide substrate for the macroalgae blooms. Controlling nutrient sources from the land to coastal waters is a general efficient way for coastal management. Researching into the synergistical effect of climate change and anthropognic nutrient loads on the interaction between searsasses and macroalgae can provide valuable information to decrease the negative effects of macroalgae blooms on seagrasses in eutrophic areas.  相似文献   
7.
2015年以来,秦皇岛近岸海域暴发了绿潮,对北戴河旅游区的环境和生态系统造成了严重影响。绿藻微观繁殖体在绿潮的形成过程中起到重要作用,主要包括孢子、配子、幼苗和营养片段。绿藻微观繁殖体作为绿潮的“种源”,其分布规律可以反映绿潮的“藻源”位置。本研究于2016年4-9月和2017年1月对秦皇岛近岸海域绿藻微观繁殖体的调查,探究了其分布规律以及生物量变化。结果显示,绿藻微观繁殖体主要分布在近岸海域,由近岸向远岸海域逐渐降低。绿藻微观繁殖体的数量在7、8月份最高,在冬季最低。受绿潮影响严重的海域微观繁殖体数量高于其它海域。秦皇岛近岸海域的绿藻微观繁殖体为该海域绿潮的种源,其分布规律表明秦皇岛近岸海域绿潮起源于本地。  相似文献   
8.
Coral mortality may result in macroalgal proliferation or a phase shift into an alga-dominated state. Subtidal, high-latitude western Indian Ocean coral communities at Sodwana Bay on the KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa, have experienced some mortality because of warm-water anomalies, storms and other causes, but the response of the macroalgae is unknown. We investigated the abundance and diversity of benthic algae on different hard natural substrata (dead digitate, brain and plate corals and beach rock) on Two-Mile Reef, Sodwana Bay. We also compared algal communities colonising ceramic, marble and pretreated ceramic tiles placed on the reef for six months. We identified 95 algae (14 Chlorophyta, 11 Phaeophyceae, 69 Rhodophyta and one cyanobacterium). Assemblages on natural and artificial substrata were dominated by the brown alga Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Womersley ex Oliveira and non-geniculate corallines (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae). Cluster and ordination analyses revealed that the algae showed no affinity for particular substrata, whether natural or artificial. Algal cover was occasionally higher on rougher tiles and crustose corallines were significantly more abundant on marble than ceramic tiles. Two-Mile Reef had 23.1% dead and 48.4% live scleractinian coral cover, where dead corals were colonised indiscriminately by many small algal species, but there was no evidence of algal proliferation. The results provide a baseline for monitoring this high-latitude reef system.  相似文献   
9.
The production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its cleavage products (DMS) are well studied in phytoplankton worldwide. However, less is known about their sources, distributions, and impacts in the coast of China. We examined the production of DMSP and DMS in Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel and other benthic macroalgae from the South China coast in relation to environmental conditions. P. globosa was a harmful marine microalgal species and its bloom took place in the eutrophic waters along the South China Sea frequently. It also produced high content of DMSP at different growth stages, with the highest concentration usually observed in the stationary period. Moreover, the production of DMSP in P. globosa was significantly affected by salinity and temperature with the highest contents associated with high salinity (e.g. 40) and low temperature (e.g. 20°C). In field benthic macroalgae, there was also a marked difference in the DMSP of various species or different samples of the same species. Chlorophyll a contents were also determined for each macroalgal species. The highest chlorophyll a (238.7 ng/g fresh weight) was recorded in Chlorophyta Ulva lactuca at Guishan Island (Zhuhai), while the lowest value (1.5 ng/g fresh weight) was found in Rhodophyta Gracilaria tenuistipitata in Zhanjiang. Further correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between the content of DMSP and chl-a in macroalgae samples (P > 0.05). All the results suggested that the production of DMSP in marine algae was not only species- and stage-related, but also greatly affected by various environmental factors.  相似文献   
10.
Kelps of the genus Laminaria accumulate iodine at high concentrations, but the iodine retaining capacity can be affected by emersion and physiological stress. In this study, I2 emission into the atmosphere from Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea was compared under controlled low irradiances and temperatures. The two species exhibited different I2 emission rates as blades of L. digitata emitted I2 at rates five times higher than those from newly-grown blades (current growth season) of L. hyperborea. I2 emission was not detectable from old blades (previous growth season) of L. hyperborea. Additionally, effects of irradiance and temperature on both I2 emission into air and net I release into seawater where assessed for L. digitata while monitoring photo-physiological parameters as stress indicators. Irradiances between 30 and 120 μmol photons m−2 s−1 had only marginal effects on both I2 emission and I release rates, but physiological stress, indicated by photoinhibition, was observed. The results suggest that the irradiances applied here were not stressful enough to impact on the iodine release. By contrast, at elevated temperatures (20 °C), photoinhibition was accompanied by an increase in I2 emission rates, but net I release rates remained similar at 10–20 °C. High I2 emission rates into air and I release into seawater observed from L. digitata underpin the fundamental function of this kelp as mediator of coastal iodine fluxes.  相似文献   
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