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1.
We study the mineralogical changes suffered by specimens of natural miocene red and green continental sandstones (from Pozuelos Formation and Tiomayo Formation) cropping out in the Argentine Puna that increase their bulk magnetic susceptibility and change color when thermally treated. We hypothesize that on heating siderite, which is present in small quantities as cement in the studied sandstones, would oxidize and decompose into maghemite and/or magnetite. Subsequent heating to higher temperatures sometimes would bring about the conversion of maghemite and/or magnetite to hematite. Mössbauer spectroscopy proved to be a very valuable tool for the determination of the presence of siderite in small amounts in the studied samples. The present results show that further work is needed in order to fully understand the mineralogical changes suffered by continental sandstones during heating. The characterization of such changes occurred during laboratory routines is relevant, since they can help to better understand natural processes.  相似文献   
2.
Morphological characteristics and microstructures of magnetic minerals extracted from Chinese loess and paleosols were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results indicate that maghemite in loess–paleosol sequences was transformed from magnetite through oxidation of magnetite. Maghemite transformed from eolian magnetite during chemical weathering has low-angle grain boundaries among maghemite nano-crystals. Some nano-crystalline maghemites with nanoporous texture resulted from microbe-induced precipitation of magnetite or transformation of poorly crystalline ferric Fe (oxy)hydroxides in presence of Fe-reducing bacteria. Aggregates of euhedral maghemite nano-crystals were transformed from magnetite magnetosomes. Both microbe-induced nanoporous magnetite and microbe-produced magnetite magnetosomes are directly related to microbial activities and pedogenesis of the paleosols. It is proposed that the formation of nano-crystalline maghemite with superparamagnetic property in paleosol results in the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility, although the total amount (weight percent) of magnetic minerals in both paleosol and loess units is similar. Our results also show that nano-crystalline and nanoporous magnetite grains prefer to transform into maghemite in semi-arid soil environments instead of hematite, although hematite is a thermodynamically stable phase. This result also indicates that a decrease in crystal size will increase stability of maghemite. It is also inferred that surface energy of maghemite is lower than that of hematite.  相似文献   
3.
Loess-palaeosol deposits in the lower Danube area represent the southeastern edge of the loess cover in Europe. Detailed rock magnetic investigations of the loess/palaeosol sequence in Viatovo in NE Bulgaria reveal that magnetite and maghemite of very fine superparamagnetic grain size are responsible for the magnetic enhancement of palaeosol units. A detailed palaeoclimatic record is obtained through high-resolution measurements of magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility and CaCO3 content. Magnetic proxies indicate a more warm and humid climate during the development of the older palaeosol units (S4–S6).  相似文献   
4.
南方红土中的磁极倒转以及磁化率变动记录   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
江西省修水县杨梅山剖面244个定向样品的岩石磁学研究表明,杨梅山剖面的磁极倒转自上而下分别为布莱克(Blake)K向极性偏移、安比拉(Emperor)反向极性偏移、布客—松山(Brunhes—Matuyama)极性带界线以及上部贾拉米洛(Upper Jaramillo)正向亚带;杨梅山剖面样品的磁性矿物为磁赤铁矿;杨梅山剖面浓度(数量)归一化的磁化率变动和深海氧同位素变化具备较好的一致性,该剖面的磁化率变动对应着深海氧同位素自第5阶至第23阶的变化;杨梅山剖面跨越了布容—松山极性带界线以及深海氧同位素的第19阶,中国南方红土的底界年龄可能大于78Ma,即早于中国北方黄土的L8黄土层。  相似文献   
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7.
Rock magnetic properties of recent soils from northeastern Bulgaria   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this paper, basic rock magnetic studies of Holocene loess-soil samples from northeastern Bulgaria are reported. The sites are related to the Danube river and located at different distances southwards, thus representing various pedogenic conditions. The study is primarily aimed at determining the main magnetic carrier(s) and their physical characteristics (grain-size distribution, magnetic enhancement, etc.). Oxyhydroxides, maghemite and titanomagnetites of various oxidation degrees are assumed to be the main ferromagnetic minerals present. Our results suggest that the uppermost part of recent soil profiles is rich in stable, near-single-domain (SD) particles, while the illuvial horizons are characterized by a gradual decrease in grain sizes, from highly viscous to a true superparamagnetic (SP) domain state. The properties of samples from carbonate-rich horizons of recent soils are basically controlled by detrital minerals, while those from sites with more intensive pedogenesis and especially grey forest soils are influenced by strongly magnetic minerals formed ' in situ '.  相似文献   
8.
The paper features data on thermomagnetic characteristics of the red-bed sediments of the Lower Cretaceous of the Tadjik depression which turned out to be somewhat anomalous. The thermomagnetic characteristics of monolithic samples are stable under long-term heating (2–3 hours) at high temperature (600°–700°C). At the same time, the thermomagnetic characteristics of the powders, obtained from heated monolithic samples, display instability under even lesser temperatures. During heating at 600°–700°C, part of the hematite, dispersed in the rock, turns into stable maghemite. Disintegration of the monoliths changes the properties of the secondary maghemite - it becomes unstable to heating and at temperatures of 550°-600°C irreversibly changes into hematite.  相似文献   
9.
There is agreement that ultrafine maghemite grains (<100 nm) are responsible for the magnetic enhancement of Chinese loess. Recent studies show that grain size distribution of ultrafine pedogenic maghemite grains within the aeolian sequences on the central Chinese Loess Plateau deposited in the last 8 Ma is consistent. However, whether the observed grain size distribution of ultrafine pedogenic maghemite grains can be observed in the western Chinese Loess Plateau and modern soils is not entirely clear. Here we find that young surface soil samples across the Chinese Loess Plateau and early Neogene loessic soils from the western Chinese Loess Plateau also show consistent grain size distribution with that of ultrafine pedogenic maghemite grains on the central Chinese Loess Plateau. The fact that young surface soil samples show apparent magnetic enhancement suggests that the ultrafine pedogenic maghemite grains derive from oxidation of ultrafine magnetite grains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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