硅灰加固宁波软土的试验研究     

王泽平  王常明  江南  张在恒 《岩土工程技术》2020,(2):111-116,121

为探索硅灰对软土的力学性质的影响,以宁波鄞州地区一种淤泥质黏土为试样,掺入不同量的硅灰,对硅灰加固土的力学性质和结构特征进行了测试。采用三轴不固结不排水剪切试验,测试分析了不同掺入量的硅灰加固土的应力应变关系,通过扫描电镜SEM照片分析了不同硅灰掺入量的硅灰加固土的结构特征。结果表明:(1)硅灰可以提高软土的黏聚力,黏聚力随着硅灰掺入量的增加而增大;(2)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的抗变形能力呈先增加后减小的趋势;(3)同一围压条件下,随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的破坏偏应力逐渐增加;(4)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土中大孔隙逐渐减少,小孔隙逐渐数量增加,孔径<1μm的小孔隙组分逐渐占优。  相似文献   

Microstructure Evolution of Organic Matter and Clay Minerals in Shales with Increasing Thermal Maturity     

GU Yuantao  LI Xiaoxi  YANG Shuguang  WAN Quan 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):280-289

As the two important components of shale, organic matter(OM) and clay minerals are usually thought to strongly influence the hydrocarbon generation, enrichment and exploitation. The evolution process of OM and clay minerals as well as their interrelationship over a wide range of thermal maturities are not completely clear. Taking Yanchang(T_3y), Longmaxi(S_1l) and Niutitang(?_1n) shales as examples, we have studied the microstructure characteristics of OM and clay minerals in shales with different thermal maturities. The effects of clay minerals and OM on pores were reinforced through sedimentation experiments. Using a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and low-pressure N_2 adsorption, we investigated the microstructure differences among the three shales. The results showed that both OM and clay minerals have strong effects on pores, and small mesopore(2–20 nm) is the dominant pore component for all three samples. However, the differences between the three samples are embodied in the distribution of pore size and the location. For the T_3y shale, clay minerals are loosely arranged and develop large amounts of pores, and fine OM grains often fill in intergranular minerals or fractures. Widespread OM pores distribute irregularly in S_1l shale, and most of the pores are elliptical and nondirectional. The ?_1n shale is characterized by the preferred orientational OM-clay aggregates, and lots of pores in the composites are in the mesopore range, suggesting that over maturity lead to the collapse and compaction of pores under huge pressure of strata. The results of the current research imply that with increasing thermal maturity, OM pores are absent at low maturity(T_3y), are maximized at high maturity(S_1l) and are destroyed or compacted at over-mature stage(?_1n). Meanwhile, clay minerals have gone through mineral transformation and orientational evolution. The interaction of the two processes makes a significant difference to the microstructure evolution of OM and clay minerals in shale, and the findings provide scientific foundation in better understanding diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon generation of shale.  相似文献   

Muscovite dehydration melting: Reaction mechanisms,microstructures, and implications for anatexis     

Brendan Dyck  David J. Waters  Marc R. St-Onge  Mike P. Searle 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(1):29-52

Dehydration melting of muscovite in metasedimentary sequences is the initially dominant mechanism of granitic melt generation in orogenic hinterlands. In dry (vapour-absent) crust, muscovite reacts with quartz to produce K-feldspar, sillimanite, and monzogranitic melt. When water vapour is present in excess, sillimanite and melt are the primary products of muscovite breakdown, and any K-feldspar produced is due to melt crystallization. Here we document the reaction mechanisms that control nucleation and growth of K-feldspar, sillimanite, and silicate melt in the metamorphic core of the Himalaya, and outline the microstructural criteria used to distinguish peritectic K-feldspar from K-feldspar grains formed during melt crystallization. We have characterized four stages of microstructural evolution in selected psammitic and pelitic samples from the Langtang and Everest regions: (a) K-feldspar nucleates epitaxially on plagioclase while intergrowths of fibrolitic sillimanite and the remaining hydrous melt components replace muscovite. (b) In quartzofeldspathic domains, K-feldspar replaces plagioclase by K⁺–Na⁺ cation exchange, while melt and intergrowths of sillimanite+quartz form in the aluminous domains. (c) At 7–8 vol.% melt generation, the system evolves from a closed to open system and all phases coarsen by up to two orders of magnitude, resulting in large K-feldspar porphyroblasts. (d) Preferential crystallization of residual melt on K-feldspar porphyroblasts and coarsened quartz forms an augen gneiss texture with a monzogranitic-tonalitic matrix that contains intergrowths of sillimanite+tourmaline+muscovite+apatite. Initial poikiloblasts of peritectic K-feldspar trap fine-grained inclusions of quartz and biotite by replacement growth of matrix plagioclase. During subsequent coarsening, peritectic K-feldspar grains overgrow and trap fabric-aligned biotite, resulting in a core to rim coarsening of inclusion size. These microstructural criteria enable a mass balance of peritectic K-feldspar and sillimanite to constrain the amount of free H₂O present during muscovite dehydration. The resulting modal proportion of K-feldspar in the Himalayan metamorphic core requires vapour-absent conditions during muscovite dehydration melting and leucogranite formation, indicating that the generation of large volumes of granitic melts in orogenic belts is not necessarily contingent on an external source of fluids.  相似文献   

NaCl溶液饱和膨胀土的压缩特性及其微观机制     

梁维云  韦昌富  颜荣涛  杨德欢 《岩土力学》2019,40(12):4759-4766

孔隙溶液浓度及组份改变会影响膨胀土颗粒间作用力，改变微观孔隙结构，从而影响土体的物理力学特性。为此，以宁明膨胀土为研究对象，采用不同浓度NaCl溶液制备泥浆预固结重塑样开展一维压缩试验和压汞试验，研究化学作用对重塑天然膨胀土的压缩性和微观孔隙结构的影响规律。结果表明：随着渗透吸力增加，颗粒间水化能力降低，物理化学力使土颗粒由分散状态转变为集聚体状态，形成了集聚体内孔和集聚体间孔，土体表现出双峰孔隙分布特征。预固结样（压力为20 kPa）的初始孔隙比随渗透吸力增加而减小，进而导致固结屈服应力增加；但是渗透吸力对压缩性影响不大，压缩指数和回弹指数基本不变。此外，利用固结系数计算了土体的渗透系数，随着竖向压力增加渗透系数降低；当竖向压力小于200 kPa时，随着渗透吸力增加，渗透系数先增加后减小，但是竖向压力超过200 kPa后，渗透系数变化不大。分析发现，渗透吸力增加导致大孔隙增加，渗透系数增加，但同时密实度增加会导致渗透系数降低，低竖向压力下渗透性受密实度和微观孔隙结构变化耦合作用控制。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中部岩心沉积物中浮岩的物理性质和地球化学特征差异及其对岩浆活动的指示     

方雪  曾志刚  胡思谊  朱博文  齐海燕  万世明  徐兆凯 《海洋科学》2020,44(5):1-11

为进一步了解冲绳海槽浮岩的物理性质和地球化学特征差异,对冲绳海槽中部岩心沉积物S9中的浮岩进行了微观结构和地球化学组成分析。结果显示,冲绳海槽中部存在白色、灰白色及棕色3种浮岩,其中灰白色浮岩又可以根据构造特征分为气孔构造和流动构造浮岩两个亚类。浮岩的地球化学组成表明白色、灰白色及棕色浮岩都是由玄武质岩浆经过充分的分离结晶作用形成的流纹质或流纹英安质火山岩。玄武质岩浆在演化的过程中发生了斜长石、角闪石、辉石、Fe-Ti氧化物、磷灰石等矿物的结晶分离。结合有孔虫14C年龄,认为浮岩是冲绳海槽中部距今13.1 ka左右的长英质火山活动的产物。演化程度相对较低的棕色浮岩具有比白色浮岩高的TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO含量,且棕色浮岩具有相对低的稀土总量和轻稀土总量。根据浮岩的物理性质及地球化学组成差异推测,岩浆的黏度和压力是影响浮岩构造特征的主要因素。黏度大、连续减压的岩浆易于形成具有流动构造和密集气孔的浮岩,黏度小、阶段性减压的岩浆易于形成气孔大而疏松的浮岩。  相似文献   

Effect of microstructure on stress–strain and pore-pressure response of sabarmati sand under the influence of mica     

P. Seethalakshmi 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2020,15(2):123-139

ABSTRACT

Micaceous soil is believed to be detrimental for civil engineering constructions due to the effect of high compressibility, low compacted density and low shear strength. Individual mica particle has numerous intact mica flakes foliated over each other making it flexible upon loading and rebound upon unloading due to its low hardness and resilient nature. Hence, micaceous soils with mica content more than 10% are considered undesirable for highway pavements, embankments and railway track constructions. When platy mica particles are sufficiently numerous to interact with spherical sand particles, bridging and ordering phenomena are augmented within the soil mass creating unique sand-mica particle orientation (MS microstructure) unlike sand-sand particle orientation (PS microstructure). The current experimental research was conducted to evaluate the variation in stress–strain, pore pressure and effective stress path response of Sabarmati sand under the influence of mica (sand with 30% mica and pure sand) with MS and PS microstructure respectively. Effect of particle crushing on stress–strain and pore pressure response was also studied on Sabarmati sand with MS and PS microstructure. Distinctive macroscopic response was observed in Sabarmati sand with MS microstructure under the influence of mica as well as mica particle crushing.  相似文献   

砂土高压蠕变微观机理分析          下载免费PDF全文

尹建华  顾凯  姜洪涛  刘春  施斌  刘兵 《高校地质学报》2018,24(1):116

砂土层在地面沉降过程中呈现一定的蠕变特性。文章采用一维压缩试验对4 MPa下砂土的变形特征进行了研究,并采用改进的试验装置对砂土的微观结构进行了提取。通过对8组不同级配砂土样的蠕变特性和微观结构分析,得到如下结论:粒径单一的砂土在蠕变过程中更容易出现突变,砂粒受力后更容易发生破碎,产生滑移错动;砂土蠕变的蠕变量与砂粒级配密切相关,砂土的粒径越单一且粒径越大时,砂土的蠕变量也越大;采用表征砂土颗粒形状复杂程度的形状系数,从微观上定量分析了砂土在蠕变过程中发生破碎的情况和蠕变量大小,且形状系数越小,表明该种砂土形状越复杂,在蠕变过程中砂土的破碎性越高,蠕变量越大。  相似文献   

Otolith Microstructure Analysis Reveals Different Growth Histories of Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) in the Oyashio Waters     

LIU Chunlin  ZHANG Chi  TIAN Yongjun  WANG Liangming  LIN Longshan  LI Yuan  WATANABE Yoshiro 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):236-242

After decades of low year classes,the stock of Japanese sardine(Sardinops melanostictus)has begun to recover since the mid-2000s.The hatch dates and otolith growth rates of age-0 juvenile sardine,which were collected in the subarctic Oyashio waters in autumn 2018,were determined from an otolith microstructure analysis.The sardines were hatched from late January to late April,while mostly in February and March.The otolith growth rate increased continuously up to 60 d after hatching and thereafter de-creased.The revealed growth rate in a crucial growth period is faster than that reported for juvenile sardines collected in the 1990s,which is coincided with the recent recovery trend of the sardine stock.Two groups with different hatch dates,growth histories,and migration routes were identified using unsupervised random forest clustering analysis.They were considered inshore and offshore migration individuals in accordance with recent researches.In the offshore group,a high proportion of sardine juveniles hatched late and grew faster in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters,a finding consistent with the hypothesis of growth-rate-dependent re-cruitment.This finding on the population composition and growth rate of juvenile sardine in the Oyashio waters can be a basis for an improved prediction of their survival and provides us with valuable information on the recruitment processes of this stock during the period of stock recovery.  相似文献   

远安地堑上白垩统红花套组压实剪切型变形带的微观结构与地层渗透性关系解析     

渠芳  连承波  柴震瀚  任冠雄 《地质论评》2023,69(1):123-132

孔隙性砂岩中形成的压实剪切型变形带及其周围的渗透性特征是变形带研究的重要内容之一,由于变形带宽度常为毫米级别,常规渗透率测试方法因分辨率的限制无法满足研究需求。选取远安地堑上白垩统红花套组中不同规模的单条变形带、小型及中大型簇状变形带样品,在对其微观结构进行详细研究的基础上,采用具有高分辨率测试功能的AUTOSCAN进行密集测试,建立了连续渗透率剖面。结果显示,渗透率低值点与变形带有显著对应关系,在渗透率线扫描曲线中呈下拉尖峰特征;不同变形带渗透率异常低值点存在差异,变形带厚度大则异常程度高;不同微观结构要素的渗透率降低程度不同,渗透率由低至高依次为：大型簇状变形带的核心碎裂带<小型簇状变形带的核心碎裂带<带间区域<单条变形带核心碎裂带<边缘过渡区<围岩。分析认为,虽然变形带的厚度和渗透率探测孔的大小会影响探测结果,但变形带的微观结构才是控制渗透率降低程度不同的本质原因。中大型簇状变形带的核心碎裂带密集发育且连续性好,很可能对流体渗流、油气运移等造成较大影响;而单条变形带由于延续性较差,很难真正阻碍流体渗流,而是会增强岩石整体的各向异性特征。  相似文献   

Analytical prediction of aggregates' effects on the ITZ volume fraction and Young's modulus of concrete          下载免费PDF全文

R. Zouaoui  K. Miled  O. Limam  A. Beddey 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(7):976-993

In order to evaluate analytically the ITZ volume fraction (f_ITZ) in concrete, a three phase model is proposed for the random concrete microstructure using the Voronoï tessellation. Within this model, the ITZ local thickness is a statistical variable depending on the local paste thickness available between each couple of neighbouring aggregates. The f_ITZ is found to not exceed 7% for typical concretes. Then, the concrete Young's modulus is predicted analytically using a four‐phase generalized self consistent model but in which the proposed f_ITZ is considered. It is found that the concrete Young's modulus increases when increasing aggregates volume fraction, aggregates maximum size and the proportion of coarse aggregates and when decreasing the ITZ thickness and Young's modulus. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is discussed based on a comparison between its predictions and three sets of experimental results related to normal and high strength concretes taken from literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献