CG-6型重力仪零漂特性研究     

郝洪涛  刘少明  韦进  胡敏章 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(10):1086-1090

对中国地震局地震研究所最新引进的4台CG-6型相对重力仪的零漂特性进行测试研究，结果表明，4台重力仪的静态零漂率、混合零漂率和动态零漂率均小于8 μGal/h，满足厂家给出的技术指标。在较长观测时间内，各台仪器的零漂均存在不同程度的非线性特征，因此在进行较长时间的野外观测以及后续数据处理中，不宜将零漂率作为常数进行解算和零漂改正。  相似文献   

Temporal and Spatial Dynamics Analysis of Grassland Ecosystem Pressure in Kazakhstan     

WEN Xin  YAN Huimin  XIE Xiaoping  DU Wengpeng  LAI Chenxi  ZHEN Lin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(6):667-675

Affected by climate change and policy factors, Kazakhstan is the country with the most severe ecological degradation and grassland conflicts in Central Asia. Therefore, studying the state of grassland carrying resources in Kazakhstan is particularly important for understanding the responses of grassland ecosystems to climate change and human activities. Based on Kazakhstan's remote sensing data and animal husbandry statistics, this study analyzes the patterns of changes in grassland ecosystems in Kazakhstan based on the supply and consumption of these ecosystems. The results show that: 1) From 2003 to 2017, the number of livestock raised in Kazakhstan showed a trend of sustained and steady growth. Due to freezing damage, the scale of livestock farming decreased in 2011, but a spatial difference in the livestock farming structure was not obvious. 2) The fluctuation of grassland supply in Kazakhstan has increased, while the consumption due to animal husbandry has also continued to increase, resulting in an increasing pressure on the grassland carrying capacity. 3) Between 2003 and 2017, the overall grassland carrying status of Kazakhstan have been abundant, but the grassland carrying pressure index has shown a steadily increasing trend, the grassland carrying pressure is growing, and it is mainly determined by grassland productivity. The greater pressure in lower Kyzylorda state, the southern Kazakhstan state of the cultivated land and the northern Kazakhstan state has gradually expanded to include the agro-pastoral zone and the semi-desert zone.  相似文献   

Locality Attributes and Networks Serving to Reveal Amazonian Urbanization beyond the Cities     

Ana Paula Dal'Asta  Silvana Amaral 《Geographical review》2019,109(2):199-223

Beyond the Amazonian cities, distinct spatial units arranged in networks compose an extended urban space, usually invisible to government agencies and public polities. This article empirically reveals this space by studying the localities’ characteristics and connections. In southwestern Pará, Brazil, 236 communities were sampled using field expeditions. Variables related to the locality organization, history, health and education services, urban infrastructure, and land use were explored in a fuzzy cluster analysis. Local production and consumption flows were considered in the locality network analysis. The fuzzy analysis allowed identifying a hierarchy of localities for which the geographical location influences the spatial distribution patterns of five groups. On the other hand, consumption and production networks identified different locality's articulations, with persistent dependence on cities. These results characterize extensive urbanization at the local level and highlights the participation of the local populations configuring the Amazonian territory.  相似文献   

贵州安龙县耕地土壤几种有效态与对应全量、pH值、有机质的相关分析          下载免费PDF全文

鲍大忠  游桂芝  袁盛博 《贵州地质》2020,37(4):546-550

为了掌握快速路瓶颈路段异质交通流的演变规律，以缓解交通拥堵，本文以快速路上匝道瓶颈路段为研究对象，构建了考虑安全距离的改进NaSch上匝道模型，利用数值仿真，对不同场景交通流演化过程进行系统性研究。仿真结果显示：在不同条件下，异质交通流中自动驾驶车辆比例的增加对瓶颈路段交通运营状态影响结果各异。在自由流阶段，自动驾驶车辆比例的增加对快速路瓶颈路段运营通行能力的增加无显著影响，自动驾驶车辆比例取0.9时，瓶颈路段运营通行能力反而降低了2.48%；在交通拥堵状态下，当异质交通流中自动驾驶车辆比例达到0.7及以上时，才有助于交通拥堵的消散，且其临界值随交通拥堵状态程度的提高而增大；当交通密度达到100 veh/km以上时，自动驾驶车辆比例的增加无法实质性改善瓶颈路段交通拥堵状态。研究结果可为异质交通流环境下的快速路上匝道瓶颈路段的治堵策略提供理论依据。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐大气混合层厚度和稳定度与大气污染的关系          下载免费PDF全文

李振杰  金莉莉  何清  缪启龙  买买提艾力·买买提依明 《干旱区地理》2019,42(3):478-491

利用乌鲁木齐市4座10层100 m梯度气象塔2013年6月~2014年4月气象观测资料和7个环境监测站[WTBX]AQI[WTBZ]资料，计算并分析了大气混合层厚度和稳定度特征，探讨了大气混合层厚度和稳定度与污染的关系。结果表明：乌鲁木齐市混合层厚度夏季郊区高、城区低，冬季从南郊—城区—北郊随地势降低依次降低；夏季和冬季分别在1 559～1 772 m和526～1 156 m之间。地面至2 km以上每500 m高度间隔统计混合层厚度，500～1 000 m出现频率最多；月变化为6～9月基本在500 m以上，且每个高度区间其概率均超过10%，10月～次年2月1 500 m以上区间概率明显减小；日变化为中午13:00～16:00达到最高值，下午和傍晚迅速下降。白天较大的感热输送提供充足的热力条件，这也体现出白天以不稳定层结为主，夜间则以稳定层结为主。大气稳定度分类结果，夏季郊区和城区不稳定（A～C类）所占比例差不多，冬季北郊稳定（E、F类）所占比较最大、城区最弱。[WTBX]AQI指数冬季最大，从南郊—城区—北郊依次增大，这与采暖期污染物多、南郊比北郊地势高有利于扩散输送有关。总体来看，乌鲁木齐大气混合层厚度空间分布与气象要素、大气稳定度、地形等密切相关，对AQI[WTBZ]指数分布有重要影响，这对近地层大气污染状况预报有着重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Sharks caught in the KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme,South Africa. 14. The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus)     

ML Dicken  H Winker  MJ Smale  G Cliff 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):157-174

The current study provides long-term catch-rate, biological and feeding data for smooth hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna zygaena, caught in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme. In total, 2 512 S. zygaena were caught in net installations between 1978 and 2014, and 72 S. zygaena were caught on drumlines between 2007 and 2014. There was no significant log-linear year trend in the net catch rate over time (slope = 0.0054, t = 1.808, p = 0.07). However, there was a significant temporal increase in mean size of the captured sharks (slope = 0.0012, t = 3.502, p < 0.001). A quasi-Poisson generalised additive mixed model showed that increasing latitude, winter months, colder sea temperatures and the deployment of drumlines all had a significant positive effect on the catch rate of sharks in nets. The size frequency of the catch was unimodal, with significantly more females caught in the nets and more males on the drumlines. The majority (93.1%) of all sharks caught were immature and measured between 80 and 120 cm precaudal length. Teleosts and cephalopods dominated the sharks’ diet in terms of all dietary indices. The prey species consumed indicate that immature S. zygaena are feeding primarily within the pelagic zone of shallow coastal habitats.  相似文献   

基态位涡径向分布对浅水涡旋系统演变的影响分析Part Ⅱ:扰动发展和结构变化          下载免费PDF全文

刘爽  钟玮  刘宇迪 《地球物理学报》2018,61(9):3592-3606

本文在基态位涡（Potential Vorticity，PV）径向分布和基态涡旋强度对热带气旋（Tropical Cyclone，TC）类涡旋系统稳定性特征影响的研究基础上，结合理想试验和数值模拟诊断分析基态PV径向分布对扰动增长和系统结构变化的影响.基于线性正压浅水模型，设计三种典型基态PV中空结构下基态涡旋强度对系统稳定性影响的敏感性试验.结果表明：基态涡旋的强度主要影响稳定性的强弱，强度越强，不稳定增长率越大，而基态PV径向分布对系统最不稳定波动性质起着决定作用.分析不同波数下扰动的发展及不同波数间扰动的相互作用可知，对于宽且实的PV环，系统稳定性主要取决于低波数不稳定，且最不稳定波数扰动的发展具有明显的优势地位；对于窄且空的PV环，系统稳定性主要取决于高波数不稳定，且多个高波数下增长最快模态的不稳定增长率值十分接近.利用模态线性叠加法讨论扰动增长对系统结构变化的影响表明：最不稳定波数的扰动发展对系统结构变化有关键影响，而多个波数的扰动不稳定增长相当时，不同波数的扰动发生相互作用从而影响系统结构变化.最后，利用实际个例模拟资料分析基态PV径向分布及其变化对TC结构和强度的影响表明：TC内核区出现的多边形眼墙结构与当前时刻基态PV径向分布所决定的最不稳定波数有很好的对应关系，同时基态PV径向分布变化所反映出的系统动力稳定性强弱与TC强度发展阶段具有很好的相关性.  相似文献   

气举反循环钻进井壁稳定及适用性探讨          下载免费PDF全文

郑伯乐  郑秀华  段晨阳  叶宏宇 《探矿工程》2020,47(6):13-18

气举反循环工艺具有钻进效率高、携带岩屑能力强、防漏效果好以及钻头寿命长等优点，同时还可以提高流体矿产的产能。但是一般认为气举反循环钻进抽吸作用会产生负压，不利于井壁稳定，不宜在松散地层应用。本文通过计算气举反循环钻进环空水力参数，并从环空压力以及冲洗液流态、流速等方面探讨研究气举反循环钻进中井壁稳定及其适用性，指出通过选取合适的钻具组合以及调节冲洗液性能，可使气举反循环工艺对不同地层的适应性更广。  相似文献   

加权混合估计中权值的确定方法     

宋迎春  宋采薇  左廷英 《测绘学报》2020,49(1):34-41

综合了大地测量中各种异方差多源观测模型和联合平差方法,说明了混合估计方法可以用于测量数据融合,平衡附加信息和样本信息对参数估计的影响。通过求取权值使参数估计的协方差阵的迹最小的方法,给出了一个权的最优选择方法。本文扩展了已有的加权混合估计方法,使得新方法中的权不受验前单位权方差的限制,能有效应用于大地测量数据处理。  相似文献   

一种旋转塑性势面模型及非关联塑性流动法则     

徐日庆  蒋佳琪  冯苏阳  鞠露莹 《岩土力学》2020,41(5):1474-1482

为了较好地描述软土塑性应变发展规律，提出了一种改进的塑性流动模型。该模型采用了与屈服函数形式相同，但具有一定倾角 的塑性势函数。土体在变形过程中，塑性流动方向会依赖于塑性势面的旋转而变化，直至达到破坏状态。通过对常规三轴试验结果的分析可以发现：在剪切过程中，塑性势面旋转角的初值 与终值 较为稳定，不受围压变化影响。在此试验观察基础上，引入了归一化的旋转角参数 以及描述土体应力状态的参数 ，在采用蛋形势函数的情况下二者具有良好的分段线性关系。利用该关系，建立了改进的塑性流动法则，只需要2个额外的模型参数。对所提出的塑性流动模型进行了验证，计算结果表明该模型能较好地反映塑性应变的变化趋势。  相似文献