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神经肽是神经系统最大、最多样化的一类信息分子,可调节动物的各种生理过程和行为。相较于脊椎动物和原口无脊椎动物,棘皮动物神经肽的研究起步较晚,而棘皮动物关键的分类地位和独特的生物学特征为其神经肽信号系统功能的研究提供了特殊背景。本文从神经肽分子的自身特性出发,对棘皮动物神经肽的作用方式、鉴定方法、功能调节及受体发掘等相关研究成果进行了综述,并对其未来的研究进行了展望。以期进一步解析神经肽在棘皮动物特殊生理行为调控中的作用机制,为棘皮动物中经济物种的高效绿色增养殖提供理论支撑。  相似文献   
2.
Three fluorescent dyes (Rhodamine WT, Lissamine FF and Amino G Acid) are compared for use in soil water tracing. Severe limitations are evident, but practical applications are possible. Background fluorescence, adsorption, desorption, pH and other non-adsorptive effects are reviewed in the contexts of soil column work and field tracing of soil water. Lissamine FF and Amino G Acid are to be preferred for soil column work because of their lower adsorption; Rhodamine WT exhibits higher adsorption but is useful in field situations where organic fluorescence backgrounds are high. Semi-quantitative work may be undertaken in soil columns once a priming and flushing procedure has been adopted.  相似文献   
3.
Neuropeptide Y(NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide of the neuropeptide Y family that plays key roles in the regulation of food intake. In this study,we focused on NPY m RNA expression changes around feeding time and during food deprivation in olive flounder. The olive flounder NPY m RNA levels were analyzed in different tissues and a high level of expression was detected in the brain. We also demonstrated a correlation between NPY expression levels in the brain and feeding schedule. NPY expression levels in olive flounder maintained on a daily scheduled feeding regimen increased shortly before feeding and decreased after the scheduled feeding time. Compared with the-1 h group before feeding,NPY expression in the 3 h group after feeding decreased significantly( P <0.05). Food deprivation led to an 81.7% decrease in NPY m RNA levels in the 24 h fasted group(P <0.05) and a 91.7% decrease in the 48 h fasted group(P <0.05). Therefore,our study demonstrates that NPY expression is associated with food intake in olive flounder. This result reveals the function of NPY in regulating food intake and its potential importance in olive flounder aquaculture.  相似文献   
4.
皱瘤海鞘胃肠道中3种内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用免疫组织化学技术,用5-羟色胺、神经肽Y和胃泌素3种抗血清对皱瘤海 鞘(Styela plicata)胃肠道内分泌细胞进行鉴别和定位.结果表明,皱瘤海鞘的胃、前 肠、中肠和后肠均不同程度地存在5-羟色胺、神经肽Y和胃泌素3种免疫活性内分 泌细胞,且细胞在胃部的分布密度最高,后沿肠道逐渐递减,至后肠密度最低.胃肠道 免疫活性内分泌细胞可分为开放型和封闭型两种类型.开放型细胞多为长柱形或圆 锥形,具有长短不一的胞质突起;封闭型细胞则多为圆形或椭圆形.本文结合内分泌 细胞的分布密度和形态特点对其在皱瘤海鞘胃肠道中的功能进行讨论.  相似文献   
5.
The fixed wavelength fluoresce (FF) method was used to estimate the levels of fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in the bile of fourteen fish species of commercial and/or ecological interest. Sampling was carried out in the NW Mediterranean at depths ranging from 50 to 1000 m during four seasonal cruises. During the summer sampling period, some species were also collected from another site (Vilanova fishing grounds) for comparison. Baseline levels of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene were measured. Some seasonality was observed, with reduced FF levels in summer and no differences among sites, consistent with sediment PAH levels. We discuss our results in relation to fish phylogeny, season, depth, diet, trophic level and swimming capacity. Overall FF levels indicated differences among species; the suprabenthic feeders from shallow and deep communities, and Mullus barbatus in particular, displayed elevated FF values and are potential candidates for additional monitoring studies.  相似文献   
6.
通过构建皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus Hannai)cDNA文库并进行大规模测序,获得了1282条高质量的ESTs序列,对这些序列进行拼接,获得了包括650条序列在内的244组片段重叠群(Contigs)和632个单一序列(Singletons).使用BlastX软件对876个Unigenes(Uniger...  相似文献   
7.
神经肽作为一种古老的信号分子,在动物的行为和生理过程中发挥着重要作用。近年来,随着生物信息学和分子生物学技术的发展,大量神经肽得以发掘和揭示,其中海洋生物(棘皮动物)神经肽信号系统及其功能研究亦取得了一定进展。本文对棘皮动物神经肽相关研究进展成果进行了归纳与总结,综述了主要神经肽结构、信号系统、功能及进化地位,并对其今后研究发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   
8.
促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)在脊椎动物的繁殖过程中起着至关重要的作用,同时也存在于许多无脊椎动物中。利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆出曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)促性腺激素释放激素(命名为SjGnRH,KP 982885.1)。SjGnRH基因的cDNA全长710 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为273 bp,编码90个氨基酸,包括一条含有31个氨基酸的信号肽、12个氨基酸的GnRH多肽和44个氨基酸的GnRH相关肽(GAP);SjGnRH与剑尖枪乌贼(Uroteuthis edulis)和真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)的同源性分别为86.7%和73.3%;SjGnRH高度保守的十二肽与剑尖枪乌贼和真蛸的octGnRH相似度达100%,其信号肽的相似性分别为66.7%和54.8%,GAP区的相似性分别为95.5%和77.3%;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果显示,SjGnRH基因在成熟期的表达具有特异性,在脑中表达量最高,且与其他组织差异显著(P<0.05);采用原位杂交技术检测SjGnRH mRNA在脑内的表达模式,结果表明:SjGnRH在食道上神经团、食道下神经团和视叶的不同部位均有表达,暗示SjGnRH可能参与曼氏无针乌贼的生殖调控作用。  相似文献   
9.
神经肽FF是属于RFamide相关肽家族中的一种八肽,在多种生物过程中具有调节功能。本文开展了小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)神经肽FF相关基因(LpNPFF:Accession No.MT012894)的组织表达与定位分析研究。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,小黄鱼神经肽FF基因在性未成熟期(第Ⅱ期)的小黄鱼的脑和性腺中表达较高,其次是肌肉和脾脏,在胃和肠中表达相对较少;原位杂交结果显示,在小黄鱼中脑的视顶盖(OTec)、圆环体(TL)、结节前核(NAT)、外侧结节核(NLT)、下丘脑弥散核(NDLI)以及延脑(MO)中检测到大量LpNPFF mRNA阳性的细胞,而端脑和小脑部分的表达较少。同时,在小黄鱼第Ⅱ期卵巢细胞的细胞质和核仁中也能观察到明显的阳性信号;免疫组织化学结果显示,在小黄鱼脑部表层细胞和卵巢壁周围的结缔组织中可见明显的RFamide免疫阳性纤维。上述研究结果有助于神经肽进化的深入研究,也为进一步探索NPFF相关基因在生殖调控方面的潜在功能提供了新的思路。  相似文献   
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