土质滑坡格构锚杆抗滑机制及受力试验研究     

韩冬冬  门玉明  胡兆江 《岩土力学》2020,41(4):1189-1194

通过滑坡防治格构锚固大型物理模型试验，分析了土质滑坡格构锚杆体系在坡顶荷载下的变形和位移，揭示了格构锚杆的抗滑机制，探讨了锚固力与坡体位移及锚杆变形的关系，提出了极限锚固力的计算方法。结果表明：滑坡滑动时，格构梁与坡体整体发生旋转滑移，锚杆在滑面处发生了弯曲变形，处于弯曲和轴向拉伸组合变形状态；格构锚杆的抗滑作用表现为锚杆在滑面处的抗剪抗滑和锚杆格构梁的挡土阻滑；格构锚杆的极限锚固力由初始预应力、锚杆弯曲变形引起锚拉力、坡体位移引起锚拉力三部分组成，可通过公式 计算。该研究结果可为格构锚固体系的优化设计提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

Implementation of a coupled plastic damage distinct lattice spring model for dynamic crack propagation in geomaterials          下载免费PDF全文

Chao Jiang  Gao‐Feng Zhao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(4):674-693

This paper studies dynamic crack propagation by employing the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) and 3‐dimensional (3D) printing technique. A damage‐plasticity model was developed and implemented in a 2D DLSM. Applicability of the damage‐plasticity DLSM was verified against analytical elastic solutions and experimental results for crack propagation. As a physical analogy, dynamic fracturing tests were conducted on 3D printed specimens using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. The dynamic stress intensity factors were recorded, and crack paths were captured by a high‐speed camera. A parametric study was conducted to find the influences of the parameters on cracking behaviors, including initial and peak fracture toughness, crack speed, and crack patterns. Finally, selection of parameters for the damage‐plasticity model was determined through the comparison of numerical predictions and the experimentally observed cracking features.  相似文献   

SESTET: A spatially explicit stream temperature model based on equilibrium temperature     

Luca Carraro  Marco Toffolon  Andrea Rinaldo  Enrico Bertuzzo 《水文研究》2020,34(2):355-369

Stream-water temperature is a key variable controlling chemical, biological, and ecological processes in freshwater environments. Most models focus on a single river cross-section; however, temperature gradients along stretches and tributaries of a river network are crucial to assess ecohydrological features such as aquatic species suitability, growth and feeding rates, or disease transmission. We propose SESTET, a deterministic, spatially explicit stream temperature model for a whole river network, based on water and energy budgets at a reach scale and requiring only commonly available spatially distributed datasets, such as morphology and air temperature, as input. Heat exchange processes at the air–water interface are modelled via the widely used equilibrium temperature concept, whereas the effects of network structure are accounted for through advective heat fluxes. A case study was conducted on the prealpine Wigger river (Switzerland), where water temperatures have been measured in the period 2014–2018 at 11 spatially distributed locations. The results show the advantages of accounting for water and energy budgets at the reach scale for the entire river network, compared with simpler, lumped formulations. Because our approach fundamentally relies on spatially distributed air temperature fields, adequate spatial interpolation techniques that account for the effects of both elevation and thermal inversion in air temperature are key to a successful application of the model. SESTET allows the assessment of the magnitude of the various components of the heat budget at the reach scale and the derivation of reliable estimates of spatial gradients of mean daily stream temperatures for the whole catchment based on a limited number of conveniently located (viz., spanning the largest possible elevation range) measuring stations. Moreover, accounting for mixing processes and advective fluxes through the river network allows one to trust regionalized values of the parameters controlling the relationship between equilibrium and air temperature, a key feature to generalize the model to data-scarce catchments.  相似文献   

Mechanical behavior of porous solid considering mesoscopic elastic buckling     

Hao-Yue Zhang  Xiao-Xong Hu  Gao-Feng Zhao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(7):962-982

In this work, the elastic buckling of porous solids was investigated using a lattice spring model (LSM). The capability of the LSM to solve elastic buckling problems was comprehensively verified by comparing well-established numerical and analytical solutions. Following this, the buckling of a porous solid was studied, in which two porous structures were considered, ie, the random porous model and the Voronoi porous model. The results reveal that both the porosity and the shape of the pores influence the elastic buckling bearing capacity of the porous solid. Finally, the mechanical responses of a porous solid with an extra high porosity (0.85) were numerically investigated. Our numerical results demonstrated that the nonlinear elastic response of the porous solid might come from its mesoscale elastic buckling. This work shows the ability and promise of using the LSM as a fundamental numerical tool for the deep investigation of the buckling mechanical behavior of porous solids.  相似文献   

利用X射线衍射和岩矿鉴定等技术研究河南汤家坪钼矿区主要矿物标型特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周姣花  汪建宇  顾茗心  王真 《岩矿测试》2015,34(1):82-90

汤家坪钼矿床是2006年探明的一处大型斑岩型钼矿床,前人用常规地质方法对该矿区基础地质工作和成矿规律研究已比较系统和完整,认为汤家坪钼矿床属于深源浅成斑岩型钼矿床,汤家坪花岗斑岩体为矿区钼矿的成矿母岩;但是没有从矿物学角度来应证这些成矿规律。本文从矿物学角度,采用分离单矿物进行化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)及岩矿鉴定等技术,对汤家坪钼矿区的辉钼矿、黄铁矿、石英、长石4种矿物标型特征(化学组成、微量元素、晶体结构、晶胞参数、结构状态等)进行研究。结果表明:1该矿区辉钼矿全部是2H型多型变体,且成分中Re含量很低;辉钼矿的δ34S值为3.0‰,硫同位素变化范围小,接近于陨石硫,具深源硫的特点,硫来源于花岗斑岩。2黄铁矿微量元素以富含Mo、Co、Cu,贫Ni、Pb、Zn为标型特征,另外Au、Ag含量低,S/Se大于250000,与前人"S/Se大于250000~500000的地区不可能找到金矿"的结论相符。3石英富含Mo;成矿期石英脉中δ18O降低,表明成矿晚期有少量大气降水参与热液蚀变成矿。4长石富含Mo;轻稀土(La~Nd)含量大于中稀土(Sm~Ho)和重稀土(Er~Y)含量;钾长石的有序度、三斜度以及结构参数的值均较高,结构温度较低,表明该矿区钾长石为低温状态下的三斜对称的微斜长石,是热液作用的产物,岩体钾长石化对钼矿化最为有利。本研究应证了汤家坪钼矿床属于深源浅成斑岩型钼矿床,对于总结斑岩型钼矿成矿规律、找矿标志有重要意义。  相似文献   

Variation of mineral composition,fabric and oxygen fugacity from massive to foliated eclogites during exhumation of subducted ocean crust in the North Qilian suture zone,NW China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Y. CAO  S. G. SONG  Y. L. NIU  H. JUNG  Z. M. JIN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2011,29(7):699-720

Eclogites from the North Qilian suture zone are high‐pressure low‐temperature metamorphic rocks of ocean crust protolith, and occur in both massive and foliated varieties as individual blocks of tens to hundreds of metres in size. The massive type is weakly deformed and shows granoblastic texture characterized by a coarse‐grained peak mineral assemblage of Grt¹ + Omp¹ + Ph + Rt ± Lws (or retrograde Cz). In contrast, the foliated type is strongly deformed and shows a fine‐grained retrograde mineral assemblage of Grt² + Omp² + Cz + Gln + Ph. Both total FeO and aegirine contents in omphacite, as well as X_Fe[=Fe³⁺/(Fe³⁺ + Al^VI)] in clinozoisite/epidote, increase significantly from massive to foliated eclogites. Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of omphacite, determined by electron back‐scatter diffraction analysis, is characterized by weak and strong SL‐type fabrics for massive and foliated eclogites, respectively. Clinozoisite/epidote also developed SL‐type fabric, but different from the LPOs of omphacite in <010> and <001> axes, owing to their opposite crystallographic long and short axis definitions. The transition of deformation mechanism from dislocation creep to diffusive mass transfer (DMT) creep in omphacite and the concomitant retrograde metamorphism both are efficiently facilitated when the original coarse‐grained Omp¹ + Grt¹ + Lws assemblage is dynamically recrystallized and retrogressed into the fine‐grained Fe³⁺‐rich assemblage of Omp² + Grt² + Cz + Gln. The DMT process with concomitant anisotropic growth assisted by fluids is considered to be an important deformation mechanism for most minerals in the foliated eclogite. P–T estimates yielded 2.3–2.6 GPa and 485?510 °C for the massive eclogite and 1.8–2.2 GPa and 450?480 °C for the foliated eclogite. The significant increase in total Fe and Fe³⁺ contents in omphacite and clinozoisite/epidote from massive to foliated eclogite suggests changes in mineral compositions accompanied by an increase in oxygen fugacity during ductile deformation associated with exhumation. The LPO transition of omphacite, clinozoisite and rutile from weak SL‐type in massive eclogites to strong SL‐type in foliated eclogites is interpreted to represent the increment of shear strain during exhumation along the ‘subduction channel’.  相似文献   

黄铁矿中不同赋存状态金的测试及意义 —以胶莱盆地金矿中黄铁矿为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘玖芬 《地质与勘探》2011,47(5):823-827

本文论述了黄铁矿中晶格金、自然金、石英包体金的分离技术及测试方法,它可用于研究金矿载金矿物黄铁矿中不同赋存状态金与成矿的关系。运用本方法对胶莱盆地典型金矿中主成矿阶段黄铁矿三种赋存状态的金进行了测试,发现以自然金为主,且自然金含量比例差别不大,说明盆地中的金矿可能具有相同成矿流体和环境。通过对含矿与不含矿黄铁矿中离子晶格金含量研究,进行了靶区预测验证。研究发现黄铁矿中存在石英包体金,且部分金矿中石英包体金含量较高,普通测试方法可能丢失该类金,造成样品分析结果偏低,进而出现丢矿或资源量估算不准确的现象。  相似文献   

Numerical modeling investigation on turbulent oscillatory flow over a plane rough bed composed by randomly arrayed particles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHOU Zhibo  ZHANG Jinfeng  ZHANG Qinghe  LIU Run 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(7):62-68

A three-dimensional numerical model is established to simulate the turbulent oscillatory boundary layer over a fixed and rough bed composed by randomly arrayed solid spheres based on the lattice Boltzmann method and the large eddy simulation model.The equivalent roughness height,the location of the theoretical bed and the time variation of the friction velocity are investigated using the log-fit method.The time series of turbulent intensity and Reynolds stress are also investigated.The equivalent roughness height of cases with Reynolds numbers of 1×10~4–6×10~4 is approximately 2.81 d(grain size).The time variation of the friction velocity in an oscillatory cycle exhibits sinusoidal-like behavior.The friction factor depends on the relative roughness in the rough turbulent regime,and the pattern of solid particles arrayed as the rough bed in the numerical simulations has no obvious effect on the friction factor.  相似文献   

Dissolved inorganic carbon evolution in neutral discharge from mine tailings piles          下载免费PDF全文

Hendratta N. Ali  Eliot A. Atekwana 《水文研究》2016,30(13):2079-2091

We measured the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and major ions and the stable carbon isotope ratios of DIC (δ¹³C_DIC) in two creeks discharging from carbonate‐rich sulphide‐containing mine tailings piles. Our aim was to assess downstream carbon evolution of the tailings discharge as it interacted with the atmosphere. The discharge had pH of 6.5–8.1 and was saturated with respect to carbonates. Over the reach of one creek, the DIC concentrations decreased by 1.1 mmol C/l and δ¹³C_DIC increased by ~4.0‰ 200 m from the seep source. The decrease in the DIC concentrations was concomitant with decreases in the partial pressure of CO_2(aq) because of the loss of excess CO_2(aq) from the discharge. The corresponding enrichment in the δ¹³C_DIC is because of kinetic isotope fractionation accompanying the loss of CO_2(g). Over the reach of the other creek, there was no significant decrease in the DIC concentrations or notable changes in the δ¹³C_DIC. The insignificant change in the DIC concentrations and the δ¹³C_DIC is because the first water sample was collected 160 m away from the discharge seep, not accessible during this research. In this case, most of the excess CO_2(aq) was lost before our first sampling station. Our results indicate that neutral discharges from tailings piles quickly lose excess CO_2(aq) to the atmosphere and the DIC becomes enrich in ¹³C. We suggest that a significant amount of carbon cycling in neutral discharges from tailings piles occur close to the locations where the discharge seeps to the surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Internal erosion in granular media: direct numerical simulations and energy interpretation          下载免费PDF全文

Luc Sibille  Franck Lominé  Philippe Poullain  Yacine Sail  Didier Marot 《水文研究》2015,29(9):2149-2163

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