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注射生物胺对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝离子转运酶活力和血淋巴渗透压的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了注射生物胺(多巴胺、5-羟色胺)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)离子转运酶活力和渗透压的影响。结果表明:注射生物胺(DA、5-HT)对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝总AT- Pase、Na -K -ATPase、V-ATPase活力的影响均显著(P<0．05)．而对HCO3--ATPase活力和渗透压的影响不显著(P>0．05),而对照组渗透生理指标无明显变化。注射DA组AT- Pase、Na -K -ATPase活力在6h内呈峰值变化,分别在1h、3h达到最大值,在6-12h时稳定在对照组水平,12h后逐渐升高,于36h时达到最大值后降低,而V-ATPase活力在实验时间内呈阶段式升高现象,在36h达最大值后降低;注射5-HT组ATPase、Na -K -ATPase活力随取样时间增加而降低．至9h达到最小值,9h后趋于稳定,V-ATPase活力在48h内与对照组差异不显著。注射DA、5-HT处理组血淋巴渗透压分别在6h、9h内呈明显的峰值变化．分别在1h、6h达到最大值,然后分别在6h、9h后趋于稳定,并恢复至对照组水平。 相似文献
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盐度对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼血浆渗透压和鳃丝Na+-K+-ATPase活力的影响 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
采用微型冰点渗透压仪和酶学分析的方法测定了褐牙鲆幼鱼由盐度30向低盐(24、18、12、6)适应过程中血浆渗透压和鳃丝Na~ -K~ -ATPase活力的变化。结果表明,盐度对褐牙鲆幼鱼血浆渗透压和鳃丝Na~ -K~ -ATPase活力都有显著的影响(P<0·05)。盐度变化后,各实验组褐牙鲆血浆渗透压、鳃丝Na~ -K~ -ATPase活力均呈现出不同程度的下降趋势,且随着盐度变化的增加而增大。在6d内,盐度为18、12和6实验组血浆渗透压呈峰值变化,在3d时达到最小值;6d后,各实验组血浆渗透压趋于稳定;而鳃丝Na~ -K~ -ATPase活力在6d时达到最小值,9d后,各实验组褐牙鲆鳃丝Na~ -K~ -ATPase活力基本趋于稳定状态,而且在高渗环境(S>14·97)中鳃丝Na~ -K~ -ATPase活力与外界盐度大小呈正比,在低渗环境(S<14·97)中与盐度呈反比。褐牙鲆幼鱼的等渗点盐度为14·97,等渗压为425·8mOsm/kg。 相似文献
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急性盐度胁迫对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性和渗透压的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了水环境急性盐度胁迫对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATP(NKA)酶活力,血清、鳃丝和肾脏渗透压的影响.结果表明:将幼鱼从盐度30(对照)中直接转移至盐度5、10、15、20、25、35水体中,96 h后无死亡.各盐度处理组的鳃NKA酶活性和血清渗透压在最初72 h内出现一定波动,随后变化平稳.试验结束时(96 h),NKA活性随盐度梯度呈"U"型分布,盐度35处理的酶活高于其他处理,盐度20处理活性最低.各处理的血清渗透压大小在96 h时,随着盐度的变化,以盐度15、20为中心,呈对称变化,在盐度20后随盐度上升呈先上升后下降的趋势.相同盐度的鳃渗透压随时间变化呈先上升后下降逐渐稳定的趋势.肾渗透压除盐度5、10处理外,其他盐度组随时间没有显著变化,维持一定的稳定性.说明卵形鲳鲹幼鱼在生理上具有广盐性鱼类的"高渗环境高NKA活性"特征,有较强的渗透压调节与平衡能力. 相似文献
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The effects of environmental Na+/K+ ratio on the gill ion-transport enzyme activity, plasma osmolality and growth of Cynoglossus semilaevis juveniles were investigated. The results showed that, plasma osmolality was similar among flounder adapted to different Na+/K+ ratios of saline groundwaters (P>0.05), while the growth, gill Na+, K+-ATPase and HCO3
−-ATPase activities were affected by Na+/K+ ratio significantly (P<0.05). The gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity reached its maximum on day 3, then decreased gradually from day 3 to day 9 and remained constant from day
9 to day 15. The peak values of gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity were detected on day 3 for all Na+/K+ ratios of saline groundwaters, then the enzyme activities descended, and on day 9 the enzyme activities achieved steady state,
and the gill HCO3
−-ATPase activity increased rapidly and achieved steady state after one day. During steady state, the gill Na+, K+-ATPase and HCO3
−-ATPase activity of Na+/K+ ratios 20 and 40 treatments were significantly higher than those in the control group (Na+/K+ ratio 27.5), while there were no significant differences between the Na+/K+ ratio 30 treatment and the control group; the gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity of Na+/K+ ratio 20 and 40 treatments were significantly higher than that for ratio 30 treatment, but there were no significant differences
of gill HCO3
−-ATPase activity among these treatments. At the end of the 15-day experiment, the weight gain (%) and specific growth rate
(SGR) of flounders maintained in seawater were significantly higher than those in groundwaters; significant differences also
occurred among the treatments; Na+/K+ ratio 30 treatment had the highest values (33.7% and 1.94 respectively), which were significantly higher than those under
Na+/K+ ratios 20 and 40 treatments. Therefore, for the saline groundwater used in this experiment, it is suggested that the Na+/K+ ratio be adjusted to approximately 30, i.e., as close to that of natural seawater as possible in the culture of flounder. 相似文献
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The effects of environmental Na /K ratio on the gill ion-transport enzyme activity,plasma osmolality and growth ofCynoglossus semi/aevis juveniles were investigated.The results showed that,plasma osmolality was similar among flounder adaptedto different Na /K ratios of saline groundwaters (P>0.05),while the growth,gill Na ,K -ATPase and HCO,3'--ATPase activities wereaffected by Na /K ratio significantly (P<0.05).The gill Na ,K -ATPase activity reached its maximum on day 3,then decreasedgradually from day 3 to day 9 and remained constant from day 9 to day 15.The peak values of gill Na ,K -ATPase activity weredetected on day 3 for all Na /K ratios of saline groundwaters,then the enzyme activities descended,and on day 9 the enzyme activi-ties achieved steady state,and the gill HCO,3--ATPase activity increased rapidly and achieved steady state after one day.Duringsteady state,the gill Na ,K -ATPase and HCO,3--ATPase activity of Na /K ratios 20 and 40 treatments were significantly higherthan those in the control group (Na /K ratio 27.5),while there were no significant differences between the Na /K ratio 30 treatmentand the control group; the gill Na ,K -ATPase activity of Na /K ratio 20 and 40 treatments were significantly higher than that forratio 30 treatment,but there were no significant differences of gill HCO3-ATPase activity among these treatments.At the end of the15-day experiment,the weight gain (%) and specific growth rate (SGR) of flounders maintained in seawater were significantly higherthan those in groundwaters; significant differences also occurred among the treatments; Na /K ratio 30 treatment had the highestvalues (33.7% and 1.94 respectively),which were significantly higher than those under Na /K ratios 20 and 40 treatments.There-fore,for the saline groundwater used in this experiment,it is suggested that the Na /K ratio be adjusted to approximately 30,I.e.,asclose to that of natural seawater as possible in the culture of flounder. 相似文献
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作者通过渗透压计分别测定各溶液的渗透压值,通过CASA精子分析系统,测定精子运动参数,分析、比较了渗透压、pH、葡萄糖及离子溶液对夏牙鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)精子激活及运动特征的影响。结果表明:夏牙鲆精子激活的渗透压范围为581~1260 mosm/kg;在特定的渗透压范围内(单位为mosm/kg),A组(581~650),B组(762~877),C组(931~1060),D组(1117~1260)中,与NaCl和KCl溶液相比较,葡萄糖溶液可以显著提高夏牙鲆精子激活后的运动率;在相对高渗条件下(1091~1180),经Ca Cl2400、EGTA400和无Ca~(2+)人工海水激活的夏牙鲆精子运动率存在显著差异;且夏牙鲆精子最适的激活p H范围是7~7.5。综上,激活剂的渗透压决定了夏牙鲆精子能否激活并显著影响了激活后精子的运动率,同时葡萄糖、外源Ca2+及p H均在一定程度上影响了精子的运动率。 相似文献
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目前,在对螯虾、对虾等甲壳动物细胞的研究中,广泛采用了适用于哺乳动物细胞或昆虫细胞的各类缓冲液和培养液。但是,甲壳动物体液的渗透压与哺乳动物等有很大差异,直接沿用哺乳动物等细胞的缓冲系统不合适。本研究首先测定了红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)、克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii),与饲养在盐度30海水中的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的血清渗透压,其值分别为(409±12)、(465±8)、(704±15) mOsmol/kg。随后,通过调节NaCl的浓度来改变抗凝剂和磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)的渗透压,使其与相应动物的血清渗透压相等。优化后适用于红螯螯虾的抗凝剂和PBS中,NaCl的浓度分别为70、200 mmol/L;适用于克氏原螯虾的抗凝剂和PBS中,NaCl的浓度分别为100、230 mmol/L;适用于凡纳滨对虾的抗凝剂和PBS中,NaCl的浓度分别为220、360 mmol/L。进一步比较了3种动物的血细胞在不同渗透压缓冲液中的存活情况。结果表明,红螯螯虾、克氏原螯虾以及凡纳滨对虾这3种甲壳动物的血细胞在未优化的PBS中处理15 min,死亡率就分别达到4.5%、2.0%以及10.0%左右;然而当使用优化后的PBS进行处理时,死亡率则分别降至1.0%、1.0%以及2.0%左右。而血细胞在抗凝剂中的死亡率则较低(<2.0%),优化前后没有显著差异。综上,在甲壳动物活细胞实验中采用优化后的缓冲液,能改善细胞的状态,提高实验的准确性。 相似文献
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