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1.
Two experiments were performed to assess the effect of photoperiod and temperature on spawning of Panulirus ornatus. In experiment 1, sexually mature lobsters taken from the wild during summer were held at one of two photoperiods, winter (13 Light: 11 Dark) and summer (14.5 Light:9.5 Dark). Additionally, lobsters were also exposed to either summer (29°C) or winter (24°C) average water temperatures. Spawning was significantly greater when animals were exposed to summer photoperiod than to winter photoperiod, irrespective of temperature. Although a higher percentage of lobsters spawned when placed under a higher temperature, this trend was not statistically significant. In experiment 2, sexually mature lobsters were taken from the wild during winter and exposed to the same two photoperiods as in experiment 1, at a summer equivalent temperature of 29°C. Breeding started earlier and was more successful at the summer photoperiod. Time to first breeding was 17 weeks after exposure to summer photoperiod, compared with less than 1 week in experiment 1, and did not occur until individuals had moulted. Moulting occurred in 81% of lobsters, primarily after an increase in temperature to 29°C. The time between moulting and mating was varied and there was no significant difference in moult frequency between the two experimental photoperiods. After the lobsters had moulted, breeding success was reached earlier if photoperiod was lengthened. Results suggest photoperiod is the primary cue for the onset of gonad maturity and mating activity, with temperature playing a less important role. Physiological rest and possibly a moult may be required between breeding seasons before spawning can occur. Furthermore, temperature may be an important cue for pre‐reproduction moulting.  相似文献   
2.
棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 属鳞翅目夜蛾科,是一种世界性的重大害虫,在世界各地均有分布。因其具有远距离迁飞,繁殖力强等特点,条件适宜时常大面积暴发成灾,给农业生产带来较大损失。摸清棉铃虫生活习性、种群变化规律是棉铃虫防治的前提条件。由于棉铃虫是变温昆虫,气候条件对其生长发育、成灾机制等产生极大影响。因此,本文系统综述了气候变暖对棉铃虫影响的研究进展,包括棉铃虫生长发育、体色变化、繁殖、滞育、飞行、越冬、与作物的互作关系等方面,并对未来研究重点进行了展望。以期对棉铃虫的综合治理提供理论依据。  相似文献   
3.
蜈蚣藻属是海膜科中最大的属。在实验室培养条件下,我们详细观察了缢基蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia constricata)早期发育过程及生活史,研究了温度与光周期、温度与光照强度的交互作用对其盘状体发育及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:缢基蜈蚣藻孢子发育类型为“间接盘状体”类型;缢基蜈蚣藻生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,二倍体的果孢子体和四分孢子体组成,为典型的同型世代交替;温度、光周期和光照强度及其之间的相互作用对盘状体和幼苗的发育有显著影响,其中由温度与光周期、温度与光照强度交互实验得出:缢基蜈蚣藻早期发育的最适条件为温度20℃、光照强度80 μmol photons/(m2·s) 和光周期16L:8D。本研究为缢基蜈蚣藻的种质保存、大规模栽培和可持续开发利用提供了理论依据和技术支持。  相似文献   
4.
5.
1991年在武昌采用人工光周期处理和自然条件下分期播插等方法,对863-101-01专题提供的11个不育系育性转换的光温反应类型进行了鉴定,初步探明了影响这些不育系育性转换的光温因子和临界光温指标。结果表明,大多数不育系的育性转换均受到光周期与温度的共同作用,纯粹的光敏型或温敏型不育材料是不存在的,从而为选育生态适应性较广的光敏核不育系提供了农业气象依据。  相似文献   
6.
The spider crab Maja brachydactyla is an important fisheries species in Europe. Adults were sampled in Ría de A Coruña (NW Spain) and transported to IRTA rearing facilities. Salinity and photoperiod changes and their effect on reproduction were tested in the laboratory. The number of newly hatched larvae per batch (presence of actively swimming newly hatched larvae in a broodstock tank) was counted and sampled to estimate dry weight and proximal composition. Keeping spider crab broodstock in a high salinity environment (38 ppt) significantly reduced the number of newly hatched larvae, reaching up to fivefold difference in winter. The number of newly hatched larvae produced under a natural photoperiod was 10‐fold higher than those produced using a fixed photoperiod at 34 ppt salinity during winter. No clear pattern of changes in larval dry weight, protein, lipid or carbohydrate composition was observed under the environmental conditions tested. The results show that the salinity used for broodstock maintenance, especially during the embryonic development, is an important factor causing changes in larval production of M. brachydactyla and with potential implications for recruitment success.  相似文献   
7.
浒苔(Ulva prolifera)是构成黄海绿潮的优势种,通过构建浒苔稳定转化系统,可以为相关基因功能验证提供有力工具。本文以浒苔原生质体再生苗为材料,试验了对除草剂草丁膦和6种抗生素的敏感性,发现浒苔对氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、硫酸链霉素、Zeocin 4种抗生素不敏感,对氯霉素、潮霉素较敏感,对除草剂草丁膦极为敏感,进一步统计得出草丁膦对浒苔的半致死剂量(LD50)和95%可信限,发现敏感性与光周期明显相关。上述结果为进一步筛选转化子、构建浒苔稳定转化系统打下了基础。  相似文献   
8.
The limited knowledge about the relationships between environmental factors and the maturation and reproductive seasonality of nemerteans is mostly obtained from field studies, and in many cases is conjectural. Few species have been studied under well-controlled laboratory conditions. In this work, the effects of temperature and photoperiod on gonad development and spawning of Cephalothrix hongkongiensis were observed by rearing worms under different temperatures and photoperiods. Worms reared at 4℃ and 6℃ showed no growth or gonadal development, and all died within 109 days. At 8℃ and 12℃, gonads could be seen from 90 days to the termination of the 360-day experiment, but no spawning was observed. Worms maintained at 16, 24, and 28℃ showed both gonadal development and spawning, and matured faster at higher temperatures. Under a fixed temperature(16℃), photoperiod did not have any significant impact on maturation and spawning. It is likely that temperature plays a major role in regulating the maturation and reproductive cycle of C. hongkongiensis.  相似文献   
9.
In nature, Apostichopus japonicus exhibits a behavioral characteristic of emerging at night and sheltering during the day. Hence, it was commonly believed that longer and darker light conditions are better for a population of A. japonicus. In aquaculture situations therefore, animals have commonly been cultured without lighting, especially during juvenile-hatching culture. However, how the length of darkness each day affects A. japonicus and what the mechanism is of behavioral response of A. japonicus to different photoperiods remain unclear, and are specifically addressed in this study. We applied nine photoperiod treatments (light:dark (LD) cycles at 0:24, 3:21, 6:18, 9:15, 12:12, 15:9, 18:6, 21:3, and 24:0 under 500 lx) to 60 individuals (29.73 ± 0.23 g) per treatment (with 3 replicates). The environmental conditions were set as: water temperature = 16.9 ± 0.3°C, dissolved oxygen>6.0 mg/L, ammonia<0.3 mg/L, pH = 7.8-8.2, and salinity = 30-32. Under experimental conditions of continuous darkness as well as continuous light, cyclic nocturnal activity patterns of A. japonicus (viz. the animals emerged and fed at night and sheltered during the day) were observed. However, they spent more and less time, respectively, moving and feeding under continuous darkness and continuous light, than those under a natural light cycle. Under photoperiods with 6-12 h of light, the animals showed one sheltering behavior transition and two emerging behavior transitions. These behavior transitions appeared to be governed by some internal physiological factors and induced by daily light variation. The behavior of the animals was significantly affected by different photoperiods, and the distribution rate (DR) of the animals emerging at "daytime" increased with lengthening "light time" (except for the LD 3:21 cycle). We also found that there was no significant difference in mean DR per day under LD cycles of 6:18, 9:15, 15:9, and 12:12. Mean DRs per day were significantly lower for these photoperiods, than for those under LD cycles of 0:24 and 3:21, and significantly higher than for those under LD cycles of 18:6, 21:3 and 24:0. These results imply that 6-15 h light per day were the similar photoperiods to natural sunlight. From the viewpoint of activity and feeding behaviors, these might be the optimal photoperiods for rearing A. japonicus.  相似文献   
10.
在不同光照强度、光周期、光质下对强壮箭虫的摄食强度和日粮进行了研究.结果表明:光照强度、光周期和光质对强壮箭虫的摄食率均有极显著的影响.其中,光照强度与强壮箭虫摄食率的关系式为:Y=-5×10-7X2+0.0026X+1.0043.光强在2800lx时蒙古裸腹溞的摄食强度最高,为4.4 ind·d-1.光周期L∶D为12∶12时强壮箭虫对蒙古裸腹溞的摄食强度最高,在蓝光下强壮箭虫对蒙古裸腹溞的摄食强度和日粮均高于绿光组和黄光组.实验范围内,强壮箭虫的摄食强度与体长成正比,而日粮与体长成反比.  相似文献   
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