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1.
黄继伟  刘洪 《地球物理学报》2020,63(8):3091-3104
传统的伪谱(PS)方法,采用傅里叶变换(FT)计算空间导数具有很高的精度,每个波长仅需要两个采样点,而时间导数采用有限差分(FD)近似因而精度较低.当采用大时间步长时,由于时空精度不平衡,PS法存在不稳定性问题.原始的k-space方法可以有效地克服这些问题但是却无法适用于非均匀介质.为了提高原始k-space方法模拟非均匀介质波动方程的精度,我们提出了一种新的k-space算子族.它是用非均匀介质的变速度代替原k-space算子中的常数补偿速度构造得到,引入低秩近似可以高效求解.我们将构造的新的k-space算子应用于耦合的二阶位移波动方程,而不是交错网格一阶速度应力波动方程,使模拟弹性波的计算存储量减少.我们从数学上证明了基于二阶波动方程的k-space方法与基于一阶波动方程的k-space方法是等价的.数值模拟实验表明,与传统的PS、交错网格PS和原始的k-space方法相比,我们的新方法可以在时间和空间步长较大的均匀和非均匀介质中,为弹性波的传播提供更精确的数值解.在保持稳定性和精度的同时,采用较大的时空采样间隔,可以大大降低数值模拟的计算成本.  相似文献   
2.
针对北斗卫星钟差数据中出现钟跳、粗差等异常数据频次较高的问题,将半参数平差模型引入BDS的钟差数据的处理过程中。首先,在考虑系统误差的同时,改进了常用的钟差模型;其次,综合考虑异常数据和系统误差,利用补偿最小二乘原理和极值求解方法,详细推导了分离异常数据前后参数和非参数估计值与相应观测值改正数的关系表达式,实现了异常数据的定值、参数求解和系统误差分离。在此基础上,引入Cook距离,给出了利用参数分量和非参数分量的Cook距离及混合Cook距离,去判断异常值的位置,并给出了一些参数的选取方法及相应的处理措施,实现了卫星钟差异常数据的定位和定值以及部分系统误差的分离。最后,采用武汉大学GNSS中心提供的采样间隔为5 min的北斗卫星精密钟差数据,将本文方法与常用方法进行了试验对比。试验结果表明,本文方法能够有效地识别并处理卫星钟差数据中的异常值,有效克服了基于经验阈值钟差异常数据探测方法的不足,且该方法对于量级较小的异常钟差数据也有很好的探测效果,一定程度丰富了现有的BDS钟差数据质量控制方法。  相似文献   
3.
Abstract

The ground vibrations during pile driving operation have a drastic potential to undermine the surrounding structures both in land and reclaimed land. Particularly, reclaimed land necessitates ample application of pile driving due to the weak land condition. To prevent the structural damage, attenuation of the ground vibrations to an allowable level through active isolation of circular open trench is the scope of this study. In this research, finite element simulations of continuous impact pile driving process from the ground surface was executed with particular attention to the pile-soil interaction, and thereby, the efficiency of open trench application in attenuation of the unsafe distance of different structures was surveyed using the vibration sensitivity degree. Regarding the crucial parameters of an open trench (depth, width, and location), it was concluded that a sufficient high depth can attenuate the unsafe distance up to 68%, the trench width variations are less effective, and an average pile-trench distance is the most efficient option. The excavation volume was also concluded as another crucial parameter in open trench design which takes all three parameters into account. The trench depth equal to the pile’s maximum critical depth of vibration was inferred for an optimum design.  相似文献   
4.
向云波  王圣云 《热带地理》2020,40(3):408-421
人口流动影响新冠肺炎疫情传播与风险扩散。基于百度迁徙大数据和各省市区卫生健康委员会数据,结合地理信息技术,研究了2020年1月1日至3月5日136个城市新冠肺炎疫情扩散与武汉市人口流出的空间关系及其对我国城市公共卫生治理启示。研究表明:1)中国新冠肺炎疫情扩散过程具有阶段性特征,经历了疫情发生与隐性扩散、快速扩散与暴发、扩散遏制和扩散衰减4个阶段。2)研究时间段武汉市人口主要流向湖北省境内以及周边省市和北京、上海、广州、深圳等一线城市,具有地理邻近性和倾向区域中心城市的人口流入特征。受地理距离、时间成本、社会经济联系、境外输入等因素的影响,新冠肺炎疫情空间分布的不平衡性明显,长江中游城市群、京津冀城市群、长三角城市群、粤港澳大湾区和成渝城市群成为新冠肺炎疫情集中分布的重点区域,一些重点出入境口岸城市的新冠疫情扩散风险较大。3)新冠肺炎疫情扩散与人口流出之间具有较强的正向等级相关性。两者之间的空间关系可以分为8种调控类型,近90%的城市具有人口流入多、确诊病例数高或人口流入少、确诊病例数低的特征。其中,人口流入多、确诊病例数高的城市主要集中分布在湖北省境内以及中国重点城市群的中心城市,其防控压力来自人口流入多、确诊病例数高带来的疫情扩散风险;而人口流入少、确诊病例数低的城市分布较为分散,其防控的难点在于提高防控对策的精准性。我国疫情防控取得了显著成效,但随着时间的演进全球疫情形势反弹的不确定性仍然存在,外防输入、内防反弹的压力依然很重,现阶段乃至未来一段时期,疫情防控将伴随中国经济社会发展成为新常态。建议针对8种调控类型,从人口流动、交通和资源等引导与管控方面分类提出精细化的疫情防控策略,提升城市公共卫生治理能力。  相似文献   
5.
This study investigates the relationship between summer low-frequency rainfall over southern China and tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the atmosphere by examining systematically the propagation features of the tropical ISO in terms of focusing on five large-scale low-frequency rainfall regimes in summer over southern China. It is demonstrated that there is a close linkage between the five rainfall regimes over southern China and the northward propagation of the tropical ISO. The moist ISO signals, which influence the low-frequency rainfall events in different regions of southern China, mainly propagate northwestward from the tropical ocean to the southeast of China. The southeast China rainfall regime is intimately associated with the moist ISO signals propagating northwestward from the equatorial mid-western Pacific Ocean. For both the Yangtze River regime and South of Yangtze River regime, the moist ISO signals over the northern South China Sea show an evident northward propagation towards the Yangtze River region, and then propagate westward. It is further found that the interaction between the northward propagation of low-latitude ISO signals and the southward propagation of high-latitude ISO signals can also make a clear influence on the low-frequency rainfall in southern China. For the Southern China regime, the moist ISO signals show a significant northward propagation from the Philippines. Moreover, for the rainless regime, southern China is under dry ISO signals’ control, and the latter shows no clear propagation to southern China. This study may provide insights for the extended-range forecasting of summer rainfall in southern China.  相似文献   
6.
Quantifying land use heterogeneity helps better understand how it influences biophysical systems. Land use area proportions have been used conventionally to predict water quality variables. Lacking an insight into the combined effect of various spatial characteristics could lead to the statistical bias and confused understanding in previous studies. In this study, using spatial techniques and mathematical models, a diagnostic model was developed and applied for quantifying and incorporating three spatial components, namely, slope, distance to sampling spots, and arrangement. The upper catchment of Miyun Reservoir was studied as the test area. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand of water samples from field measurements were used to characterize the surface water quality in 52 sub-watersheds. Using parameter calibrations and determinations, combined spatial characteristics were explored and detected. Adjusted land use proportions were calculated by spatial weights of discriminating the relative contribution of each location to water quality and used to build the integrated models. Compared with traditional methods only using area proportions, our model increased the explanatory power of land use and quantified the effects of spatial information on water quality. This can guide the optimization of land use configuration to control water eutrophication.  相似文献   
7.
云雷达和微波辐射计联合反演大气湿度廓线的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
丁虹鑫  马舒庆  杨玲  车云飞 《气象》2018,44(12):1604-1611
利用中国气象局大气探测试验基地的微波辐射计亮温值、对应的云雷达测得的反射率因子和L波段探空数据,采用BP(back propagation)神经网络作为反演工具,反演得到大气垂直湿度廓线。将天气情况分为晴天、低云、中云和高云四种情况,对比不加入反射率因子的反演湿度廓线,分析两种反演方法在各高度层的均方根误差。对比结果表明,加入反射率因子的反演湿度廓线与探空廓线的相关系数平均值为0.862,均方根误差为14. 9%,而不添加反射率因子的相关系数平均值为0.763,均方根误差为19.2%。  相似文献   
8.
自动推算室内接入点坐标算法   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
随着基于位置服务的应用与发展,室外和室内定位技术都得到了飞速发展。特别是在WiFi定位技术的不断完善下,室内定位技术有了广泛的应用,但是,WiFi定位技术的两种定位方式均需预先知道室内网络接入点的精确坐标,这一要求无法满足一些紧急情况下的定位需求。因此,本文提出了一种基于M估计的自动推算室内接入点坐标算法。该算法借助在室内外交界处同时获取卫星定位信息和WiFi信号的RSSI信息,巧用分段RSSI测距算法提高长距离RSSI测距精度,结合残差绝对和最小的M估计改进距离交会定位算法,最终推算出室内接入点的三维坐标,实现自动化推算过程。试验结果表明:该方法的定位精度比常规距离交会最小二乘算法提高了50%,能够快速实时较精确地推算室内接入点的坐标,进一步完善了WiFi定位技术。  相似文献   
9.
The evolution of energy, energy flux and modal structure of the internal tides(ITs) in the northeastern South China Sea is examined using the measurements at two moorings along a cross-slope section from the deep continental slope to the shallow continental shelf. The energy of both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs clearly shows a~14-day spring-neap cycle, but their phases lag that of barotropic tides, indicating that ITs are not generated on the continental slope. Observations of internal tidal energy flux suggest that they may be generated at the Luzon Strait and propagate west-northwest to the continental slope in the northwestern SCS. Because the continental slope is critical-supercritical with respect to diurnal ITs, about 4.6 kJ/m~2 of the incident energy and 8.7 kW/m of energy flux of diurnal ITs are reduced from the continental slope to the continental shelf. In contrast, the semidiurnal internal tides enter the shelf because of the sub-critical topography with respect to semidiurnal ITs.From the continental slope to the shelf, the vertical structure of diurnal ITs shows significant variation, with dominant Mode 1 on the deep slope and dominant higher modes on the shelf. On the contrary, the vertical structure of the semidiurnal ITs is stable, with dominant Mode 1.  相似文献   
10.
A heavy rainfall event caused by a mesoscale convective system (MCS), which occurred over the Yellow River midstream area during 7–9 July 2016, was analyzed using observational, high-resolution satellite, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, and numerical simulation data. This heavy rainfall event was caused by one mesoscale convective complex (MCC) and five MCSs successively. The MCC rainstorm occurred when southwesterly winds strengthened into a jet. The MCS rainstorms occurred when low-level wind fields weakened, but their easterly components in the lower and boundary layers increased continuously. Numerical analysis revealed that there were obvious differences between the MCC and MCS rainstorms, including their three-dimensional airflow structure, disturbances in wind fields and vapor distributions, and characteristics of energy conversion and propagation. Formation of the MCC was related to southerly conveyed water vapor and energy to the north, with obvious water vapor exchange between the free atmosphere and the boundary layer. Continuous regeneration and development of the MCSs mainly relied on maintenance of an upward extension of a positive water vapor disturbance. The MCC rainstorm was triggered by large range of convergent ascending motion caused by a southerly jet, and easterly disturbance within the boundary layer. While a southerly fluctuation and easterly disturbance in the boundary layer were important triggers of the MCS rainstorms. Maintenance and development of the MCC and MCSs were linked to secondary circulation, resulting from convergence of Ekman non-equilibrium flow in the boundary layer. Both intensity and motion of the convergence centers in MCC and MCS cases were different. Clearly, sub-synoptic scale systems in the middle troposphere played a leading role in determining precipitation distribution during this event. Although mesoscale systems triggered by the sub-synoptic scale system induced the heavy rainfall, small-scale disturbances within the boundary layer determined its intensity and location.  相似文献   
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