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1.
利用黔西南州8个国家气象观测站1961~2020年的极端最高、最低和平均最高、最低气温资料,以年代为周期,分析近60年黔西南州极端最高、最低和平均最高、最低气温的时空演变特征。结果表明:夏季,北亚热带季风湿润气候区及南亚热带季风湿润气候区的平均最高气温、平均极端最高气温在60年代至80年代处于持续上升趋势,在90年代略下滑,进入21世纪后又持续上升。北亚热带季风湿润气候区,近60年平均最高气温升高0.96℃,平均极端最高气温升高0.43℃;南亚热带季风湿润气候区近60年平均最高气温升高0.73℃,平均极端最高气温升高0.62℃。冬季,北亚热带季风湿润气候区平均最低气温及平均极端最低气温在70年代至80年代处于持续上升趋势,90年代略下滑,而进入21世纪又转为上升,近60年平均最低气温升高0.92℃,平均极端最低气温升高1.64℃;南亚热带季风湿润气候区,冬季平均最低气温及平均极端最低气温近60年呈持续上升趋势,平均最低气温升高2.35℃,平均极端最低气温升高3.32℃。  相似文献   
2.
We report on a hexactinellid sponge new to science, Walteria demeterae sp. nov., which was collected from the northwestern Pacific seamounts at depths of 1271–1703 m. Its tubular and basiphytous body, extensive lateral processes, numerous oval lateral oscula which are irregularly situated in the body wall, the presence of microscleres with oxyoidal, discoidal and onychoidal outer ends, and the absence of anchorate discohexasters, indicate it belongs to the genus Walteria of family Euplectellidae, which is also supported by molecular phylogenetic evidence from 18S, 28S, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. The unique morphotype, which is structured by a thin and rigid framework of body wall and lateral processes consisting of diactins, characterizes it as a new species. Local aggregations of individuals of this new species coupled with their associated macrofauna in the Suda Seamount are reported, highlighting its functional significance in providing biogenic microhabitats in the deep sea.  相似文献   
3.
陈莹  赵辉 《海洋学研究》2021,39(3):84-94
本文使用2003年1月—2019年12月MODIS遥感数据,结合海表温度、风速分析南海中西部叶绿素质量浓度分布特征和影响因素。结果显示南海中西部叶绿素质量浓度分布存在时空变化。EOF分解表明,EOF1可能反映台风等极端天气对叶绿素的影响;而EOF2 和EOF3均反映了夏季沿岸上升流对叶绿素分布的影响。相关分析表明南海中西部叶绿素质量浓度与海面风场呈正相关(r=0.87,p<0.01),与海表温度呈负相关(r=-0.59,p<0.05)。夏季在西南季风影响下越南东南沿海形成上升流,导致该区浮游植物旺发、叶绿素质量浓度升高;冬季受强东北季风影响,研究区海洋上层混合作用强烈,营养盐供应增加,促进了浮游植物生长,叶绿素质量浓度高于其他季节。  相似文献   
4.
Systematic variations in atmospheric heat exchange, surface residence time, and groundwater influx across montane stream networks commonly produce an increasing stream temperature trend with decreasing elevation. However, complex stream temperature profiles that differ from this common longitudinal trend also exist, suggesting that stream temperatures may be influenced by complex interactions among hydrologic and atmospheric processes. Lakes within stream networks form one potential source of temperature profile complexity due to the spatially variable contribution of lake-sourced water to stream flow. We investigated temperature profile complexity in a multi-season stream temperature dataset collected across a montane stream network containing many alpine lakes. This investigation was performed by making comparisons between multiple statistical models that used different combinations of stream and lake characteristics to represent specific hypotheses for the controls on stream temperature. The compared models included a set of models which used a topographically derived estimate of the hydrologic influence of lakes to separate and quantify the effects of stream elevation and lake source-water contributions to longitudinal stream temperature patterns. This source-water mixing model provided a parsimonious explanation for complex stream-network temperature patterns in the summer and autumn, and this approach may be further applicable to other systems where stream temperatures are influenced by multiple water sources. Simpler models that discounted lake effects were more optimal during the winter and spring, suggesting that complex patterns in stream temperature profiles may emerge and subside temporally, across seasons, in response to diversity of water temperatures from different sources.  相似文献   
5.
基于2018年12月至2020年3月喀左、沈阳、辽阳、满洲里4个国家级地面气象站人工冻土器与测温式冻土自动观测仪观测的资料,对人工冻土观测获得的冻点与测温式冻土自动观测仪获得的相应深度的温度进行对比分析。结果表明:人工冻土器获取的冻点对应的土壤温度与0℃总体一致,又不完全重合;0—35 cm深度范围,冻点对应的温度变化范围为-2~6℃,呈现跳跃性变化。35 cm以下深度范围,冻土冻点对应的温度变化范围为-0.5~1.0℃;融化过程冻点对应的平均温度高于冻结过程冻点对应的平均温度。从完全融化时间上来看,人工冻土器观测到的完全融化时间晚于测温式冻土仪0℃线完全消失的时间。人工冻土观测的实质是获得土壤温度0℃点所在位置。灌注不同台站水的冻土器内管在相同的温度环境下,冻结与融化状态无明显区别;人工冻土器内管冻结过程是温度和持续时间双重作用的结果,深层土壤温度变化缓慢,使得内管中的水冻结和融化需要的时间长。另外,作为接触式测温设备,减小外因产生的时滞是提高其灵敏度的重要环节,建议测温式冻土仪的外管壁使用温度滞后效应更小的金属外管。  相似文献   
6.
Seamounts are vulnerable ecosystems in the deep sea and can be heavily impacted by human activities, such as bottom fishing and deep-sea mining. The species composition and distribution patterns of benthic fauna is key information for the designation of marine protected areas and environmental management plans. Three contracts for cobalt-rich crust exploration have been granted to China, Japan and Korea in the Northwest Pacific Ocean by the International Seabed Authority. However, our knowledge of benthic biodiversity in this area is extremely insufficient. During 2013–2020, eight Chinese Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (COMRA) cruises were conducted to investigate the benthic assemblages of nine seamounts in this region. In this study, 191 ophiuroids collected from seamounts in the Northwest Pacific were identified into 29 species in 11 families. Ophiacanthidae and Euryalidae were the two most dominant families with 12 and 6 species, respectively. Ophiotomidae and Ophiopyrgidae were represented by two species each, while seven families were represented by only one species. Four species were widely distributed among 4–5 seamounts, and 17 species were found only at a single site. An integrated regional taxonomic dataset of Ophiuroidea was generated and analyzed. A total of 23 and 14 species were obtained from the Magellan Seamount Chain (MSC) and the Marcus-Wake seamounts (MWS), respectively, with 8 species shared between the two seamount groups. The individual-based rarefaction curves did not reach an asymptote, suggesting that the sampling effort was inadequate for either the entire region or each single seamount. Most species distributed in a narrow depth range, and the species composition was different between water depths above and below 2000 m. Our results greatly improve the understanding of megafaunal biodiversity from seamounts in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, and highlight the necessity of further surveys to provide more robust information for environmental protection and management in this region.  相似文献   
7.
Multiscale simulation of fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy was used to quantify the elements of the geometry and architectural arrangement of sub‐seismic‐scale fluvial‐to‐shelf sedimentary segments. We conducted numerical experiments of fluvio‐deltaic system evolution by simulating the accommodation‐to‐sediment‐supply (A/S) cycles of varying wavelength and amplitude with the objective to produce synthetic 3‐D stratigraphic records. Post‐processing routines were developed in order to investigate delta lobe architecture in relation to channel‐network evolution throughout A/S cycles, estimate net sediment accumulation rates in 3‐D space, and extract chronostratigraphically constrained lithosomes (or chronosomes) to quantify large‐scale connectivity, that is, the spatial distribution of high net‐to‐gross lithologies. Chronosomes formed under the conditions of channel‐belt aggradation are separated by laterally continuous abandonment surfaces associated with major avulsions and delta‐lobe switches. Chronosomes corresponding to periods in which sea level drops below the inherited shelf break, that is, the youngest portions of the late falling stage systems tract (FSST), form in the virtual absence of major avulsions, owing to the incision in their upstream parts, and thus display purely degradational architecture. Detailed investigation of chronosomes within the late FSST showed that their spatial continuity may be disrupted by higher‐frequency A/S cycles to produce “stranded” sand‐rich bodies encased in shales. Chronosomes formed during early and late falling stage (FSST) demonstrate the highest large‐scale connectivity in their proximal and distal areas, respectively. Lower‐amplitude base level changes, representative of greenhouse periods during which the shelf break is not exposed, increase the magnitude of delta‐lobe switching and favour the development of system‐wide abandonment surfaces, whose expression in real‐world stratigraphy is likely to reflect the intertwined effects of high‐frequency allogenic forcing and differential subsidence.  相似文献   
8.
应用物探方法对滑坡进行勘查,已成为一种经济、快捷、有效的手段,文章首先从认识两类典型滑坡(Ⅰ类—土质滑坡、Ⅱ—类岩质滑坡)的滑坡结构开始,从物性差异角度分析了滑体、滑面和滑床的电性特征,说明了物探方法在滑坡勘查中的有效性;通过在某已知滑坡地质体上采用高密度电法不同装置、不同极距进行测试,得出滑坡勘查中电性响应特征的一般规律,总结了高密度电法在滑坡勘查中的技术要点和“滑面”解释原则;最后对贵州地区典型的2处滑坡(土质、岩质滑坡)勘查成果进行实例分析,结果显示:两类物质(土质、岩质)的岩石滑坡地质体电性响应特征具有相同规律,均有明显的三层电性结构层(高-低-高阻)分别对应滑体、滑面、滑床,但土质滑坡地质体的软弱夹层反映在电性剖面特征上的“体积效应”更显著。  相似文献   
9.
干热岩试验性开发井钻井施工,在高温硬岩的地层条件下,如何实现高效钻进仍存在很多技术难点。空气潜孔锤钻进技术是解决硬岩地层钻进的有效方法之一,潜孔锤钻头是空气潜孔锤钻进的关键器具。根据青海共和干热岩GH-01井空气潜孔锤钻进技术应用情况,分析探讨了空气潜孔锤钻头断齿、掉齿、磨损严重、使用寿命短等问题,从钻头结构设计、钻头材料选取、钻头冷压固齿工艺等几个方面对空气潜孔锤钻头进行了优化。固齿优化过程中采用有限元分析方法,对钻头冷压固齿过盈量进行仿真分析计算,根据分析计算结果确定最优固齿过盈量。通过对潜孔锤钻头结构、材料、加工等优化,为适用于高温硬岩的空气潜孔锤钻头研制提供了借鉴。为提高空气潜孔锤钻进综合效率,为干热岩钻探开发提供了技术支持和技术储备。  相似文献   
10.
Redox hot spots occurring as metal-rich anoxic groundwater discharges through oxic wetland and river sediments commonly result in the formation of iron (Fe) oxide precipitates. These redox-sensitive precipitates influence the release of nutrients and metals to surface water and can act as ‘contaminant sponges’ by absorbing toxic compounds. We explore the feasibility of a non-invasive, high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) technique to efficiently map the spatial variations of magnetic Fe oxide precipitates in the shallow bed of three rivers impacted by anoxic groundwater discharge. Laboratory analyses on Mashpee River (MA, USA) sediments demonstrate the sensitivity of MS to sediment Fe concentrations. Field surveys in the Mashpee and Quashnet rivers (MA, USA) reveal several discrete high MS zones, which are associated with likely anoxic groundwater discharge as evaluated by riverbed temperature, vertical head gradient, and groundwater chemistry measurements. In the East River (CO, USA), widespread cobbles/rocks exhibit high background MS from geological ferrimagnetic minerals, thereby obscuring the relatively small enhancement of MS from groundwater induced Fe oxide precipitates. Our study suggests that, in settings with low geological sources of magnetic minerals such as lowland rivers and wetlands, MS may serve as a complementary tool to temperature methods for efficiently mapping Fe oxide accumulation zones due to anoxic groundwater discharges that may function as biogeochemical hot spots and water quality control points in gaining systems.  相似文献   
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