新型珊瑚海水混凝土力学性能试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

吴彰钰  余红发  麻海燕  章艳  梅其泉  达波  谭永山  华实 《海洋工程》2018,36(3):59-68

为了解决全珊瑚海水混凝土(coral aggregate seawater concrete,简称CASC)的脆性问题,采用碱式硫酸镁水泥(basic magnesium sulfate cement,简称BMSC)为胶凝材料和剑麻纤维为增韧材料制备了一种新型全珊瑚海水混凝土(NCASC),系统测定了基本力学性能,并与普通硅酸盐水泥制备的CASC、碱式硫酸镁水泥砂石混凝土(basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete,简称BMSCC)、普通砂石混凝土(ordinary portland cement concrete,简称OPC)以及普通轻骨料混凝土(lightweight aggregate concrete,简称LAC)的力学性能进行对比。结果表明:立方体抗压强度(f_(cu),m)在15~35 MPa范围内的NCASC的轴心抗压强度(f_c,m)、劈裂抗拉强度(f_(sp),m)与f_(cu),m之间具有较显著的线性关系;对于f_(cu),m为15~35 MPa的混凝土,相同强度NCASC的f_c,m高于OPC、LAC及BMSCC,其f_c,m与f_(cu),m比值最大,大致在0.85~0.96之间,NCASC的f_(sp),m比OPC和LAC高,但比BMSCC低,且随着强度的提高,OPC与NCASC的f_(sp),m间的差距在增大,而LAC和BMSCC与NCASC的f_(sp),m间的差距在缩小;在强度等级C15~C55的范围中,NCASC和CASC的f_(sp),m、f_c,m与f_(cu),m之间的关系基本可以采用相同的线性回归方程来描述,利用这两个回归线性方程得到对应于标准强度等级的CASC和NCASC的f_(sp),m和f_c,m数据,为CASC力学性能研究与结构设计提供参考依据。  相似文献   

南海风暴潮对风场和外围海水敏感性研究     

李健  刘清容  阮成卿  訚忠辉  冀承振 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):99-107

为探索来自西北太平洋台风风暴潮与南海局地生成台风风暴潮不同,本研究在假设两种台风气象条件相同情况下,研究随台风而来外围海水所形成增水对南海沿岸的影响。以0814"黑格比"强台风风暴潮为基础,使用ROMS(regional ocean modeling system)模式进行数值模拟并通过设计对比试验方法进行研究,研究发现在台风登陆时引起的增水最大,最大增水出现在台风路径右侧,其中在沿岸区域,外围海水形成增水约占总增水10%,且大约3 h后出现增水回震现象。同时,设计对比试验,研究来自西北太平洋台风风暴潮对台风路径、台风强度、台风移动速度和流入角等气象条件敏感性,并获得与前人一致的结果。  相似文献   

The impact of northern Indian Ocean rivers on the Bay of Bengal using NEMO global ocean model     

Srivastava Atul  Gera Anith  Momin Imran M.  Mitra Ashis Kumar  Gupta Ankur 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(3):45-55

The effect of river runoff over the northern Indian Ocean(NIO) especially over the Bay of Bengal(Bo B) has been studied using global Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean(NEMO). Two sensitivity experiments, with and without river runoff are conducted and the influence of river runoff on the Indian Ocean hydrography,stratification and circulation features are studied. It is found that due to river runoff surface salinity over the northern Bo B decreases by more than 5 and the East India Coastal Current strengthens by 2 cm/s during post monsoon season. The fresh river water reaches up to 15°N in the Bo B and is the main cause for low salinity there.Sea surface temperature in the northwestern Bo B increases by more than 0.2℃ due to the river runoff in summer monsoon while surface cooling upto 0.2℃ is seen in north-west part of Bo B in winter season. The seasonal mixed layer depth in the region is found to be dependent on river runoff. The effect of vertical shear and Brunt Vaisala frequency on stratification is also examined. The ocean water becomes highly stratified up to 3 035 m due to the river runoff. It is found that the energy required for mixing is high in the northern and coastal Bo B.  相似文献   

离子色谱法测定海水中氯离子和硫酸根离子     

王丕波  曾艳敏  闫晶  殷丽娜  任登龙 《海洋科学》2020,44(11):52-56

氯离子和硫酸根离子是海水中重要的无机阴离子，在研究海洋生态变化、海洋循环作用过程与海洋全球气候变化等领域具有重要的指示意义。其测定方法较多，但缺少相应的测试方法。本文对测定海水中Cl^-，SO₄^2-的离子色谱方法进行了优化，选用IonPacAS14碳酸盐选择性离子色谱柱，以3.5 mmol/L Na₂CO₃+1 mmol/L NaHCO₃为流动相，可消除海水样品中碳酸盐及其他阴离子的干扰。该方法对Cl^-检出限为0.29 mg/L，线性相关系数r²=0.999 2，对SO₄^2-检出限为0.42 mg/L，线性相关系数r²=0.997 9。样品的加标回收率在95%~102%，Cl^-和SO₄^2-的相对标准偏差分别为1.92%和4.18%。该方法简便、迅速、灵敏、准确度高，可满足批量海水样品中Cl^-与SO₄^2-的准确测试。  相似文献   

Lagged rejuvenation of groundwater indicates internal flow structures and hydrological connectivity     

Tamara Kolbe  Jean Marçais  Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy  Thierry Labasque  Kevin Bishop 《水文研究》2020,34(10):2176-2189

Large proportions of rainwater and snowmelt infiltrate into the subsurface before contributing to stream flow and stream water quality. Subsurface flow dynamics steer the transport and transformation of contaminants, carbon, weathering products and other biogeochemistry. The distribution of groundwater ages with depth is a key feature of these flow dynamics. Predicting these ages are a strong test of hypotheses about subsurface structures and time-varying processes. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based groundwater ages revealed an unexpected groundwater age stratification in a 0.47 km² forested catchment called Svartberget in northern Sweden. An overall groundwater age stratification, representative for the Svartberget site, was derived by measuring CFCs from nine different wells with depths of 2–18 m close to the stream network. Immediately below the water table, CFC-based groundwater ages of already 30 years that increased with depth were found. Using complementary groundwater flow models, we could reproduce the observed groundwater age stratification and show that the 30 year lag in rejuvenation comes from return flow of groundwater at a subsurface discharge zone that evolves along the interface between two soil types. By comparing the observed groundwater age stratification with a simple analytical approximation, we show that the observed lag in rejuvenation can be a powerful indicator of the extent and structure of the subsurface discharge zone, while the vertical gradient of the age-depth-relationship can still be used as a proxy of the overall aquifer recharge even when sampled in the discharge zone. The single age stratification profile measured in the discharge zone, close to the aquifer outlet, can reveal the main structure of the groundwater flow pattern from recharge to discharge. This groundwater flow pattern provides information on the participation of groundwater in the hydrological cycle and indicates the lower boundary of hydrological connectivity.  相似文献   

海水海砂混凝土双K断裂参数的确定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

臧朝会  杨树桐  金亮亮 《海洋工程》2019,37(4):142-150

采用尺寸为515 mm×100 mm×100 mm初始缝高比从0.1变化至0.8的三点弯曲梁试件,利用试验测得起裂荷载Pini、最大荷载Pmax及对应的裂缝口张开位移CMODc等参数,研究了缝高比a0/h对海水海砂混凝土双K断裂参数的影响。并以相同配合比的淡水河砂梁作为对照组,进一步研究了海砂海水混凝土双K断裂参数与普通混凝土之间的关系。结果发现海水海砂混凝土断裂参数在a0/h=0.25～0.7范围内时可以认为是一常数;海水海砂混凝土梁断裂参数比相同配合比情况下的淡水河砂梁大且对边界影响更加敏感。  相似文献   

淡化浓海水日晒盐田原核微生物多样性分析     

秦乐宁  黄鑫洁  朱大玲  侍亚敏  唐娜  王学魁 《海洋科学》2019,43(5):27-35

海滨日晒盐田具有稳定且独特的生态系统。淡化浓海水排入盐田制盐,对盐田生态系统的稳定及盐田的可持续发展具有一定的影响。本研究分析天津汉沽淡化浓海水日晒盐田不同季节不同盐度盐池原核微生物多样性现状及群落结构变化,以期为评估淡化浓海水对盐田原核微生物群落影响提供理论依据。采用温度梯度凝胶电泳和序列测定等方法,分析不同月份不同盐度盐池中细菌和古菌的多样性与群落结构变化。分别采用香农-威纳指数、加权丰富度指数和均匀度指数分析盐田微生物群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度。结果表明,淡化浓海水和溴后水中均未检测出细菌和古菌。不同月份不同盐度盐池样本中细菌多样性变化不大,优势菌主要为γ-变形菌门(γ-Proteobacteria)中的Spiribacter salinus和Pseudoalteromonassp.;古菌仅出现在盐度最高的Ⅶ号盐池中,优势古菌为广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)的Halogeometricum sp.。天津汉沽淡化浓海水日晒盐田中细菌的多样性和丰富度较低,春夏两季细菌群落结构较为稳定,秋冬季节细菌群落结构变化明显。盐度不同的盐池中细菌群落结构变化较大,随着盐度逐渐升高, Spiribacter salinus逐渐取代Pseudoalteromonas sp.成为占主要地位的优势菌种。  相似文献   

Sea‐level rise impact on fresh groundwater lenses in two‐layer small islands          下载免费PDF全文

Hamed Ketabchi  Davood Mahmoodzadeh  Behzad Ataie‐Ashtiani  Adrian D. Werner  Craig T. Simmons 《水文研究》2014,28(24):5938-5953

The fresh groundwater lenses (FGLs) of small islands can be highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, including sea‐level rise (SLR). Many real cases of atoll or sandy islands involve two‐layer hydrogeological conceptualizations. In this paper, the influential factors that affect FGLs in two‐layer small islands subject to SLR are investigated. An analytical solution describing FGLs in circular islands, composed of two geological layers, is developed for the simplified case of steady‐state and sharp‐interface conditions. An application of the developed model is demonstrated to estimate the FGL thickness of some real‐world islands by comparison with existing FGL thickness data. Furthermore, numerical modelling is applied to extend the analysis to consider dispersion effects and to confirm comparable results for both cases. Sensitivity analyses are used to assess the importance of land‐surface inundation caused by SLR, relative to other parameters (i.e. thickness of aquifer layers, hydraulic conductivity, recharge rate and land‐surface slope) that influence the FGL. Dimensionless parameters are used to generalize the findings. The results demonstrate that land‐surface inundation has a considerable impact on a FGL influenced by SLR, as expected, although the FGL volume is more sensitive to recharge, aquifer thickness and hydraulic conductivity than SLR impacts, considering typical parameter ranges. The methodology presented in this study provides water resource managers with a rapid‐assessment tool for evaluating the likely impacts of SLR and accompanying LSI on FGLs.  相似文献   

Characterization of hard‐to‐differentiate dune stratification types in the Permian Coconino Sandstone (Arizona,USA)     

Sarah A. Maithel  Leonard R. Brand  John H. Whitmore 《Sedimentology》2021,68(1):238-265

Dune stratification types, which include grainfall, grainflow and ripple lamination, provide a record of the fine‐scale processes that deposited sediment on palaeo‐dune foresets. While these facies are relatively easy to distinguish in some cross‐bedded sandstones, for others – like the Permian Coconino Sandstone of northern and central Arizona – discrete stratification styles are hard to recognize at the bedding scale. Furthermore, few attempts have been made to classify fine‐scale processes in this sandstone, despite its renown as a classic aeolian dune deposit and Grand Canyon formation. To interpret depositional processes in the Coconino Sandstone, cross‐bed facies were characterized using a suite of sedimentary textures and structures. Bedding parameters were described at multiple scales via a combination of field and laboratory methods, including annotated outcrop photomosaics, strike and dip measurements, sandstone disaggregation and laser‐diffraction particle analysis, high‐resolution scans of thin sections, and scanning electron microscopy. Cross‐beds were observed to be laterally extensive along‐strike, with most dip angles ranging from the mid‐teens to mid‐twenties. While some cross‐bed sets are statistically coarser near their bases, others exhibit no significant vertical sorting trends. Both massive and laminated textures are visible in high‐resolution scans of thin sections, but laminae contacts are commonly indistinct, making normal and reverse grading difficult to define. Diagenetic features, such as stylolite seams and large pores, are also present in some samples and might indicate alteration of original textures like detrital clay laminae and carbonate minerals. Observed textures and sedimentary structures suggest that the cross‐beds may consist of grainflow and grainfall deposits, but these remain difficult to differentiate at outcrop and thin‐section scales. This characterization of fine‐scale processes will play a critical part in the development of depositional models for the Coconino Sandstone and elucidate interpretations for similar cross‐bedded formations.  相似文献   

中国非常规水资源开发利用进展          下载免费PDF全文

马涛  刘九夫  彭安帮  郑锦涛  王文种  郑皓  邓晰元 《水科学进展》2021,31(6):960-969

非常规水资源开发利用已成为世界各国缓解水资源危机的重要举措之一。为深化对中国非常规水资源开发利用水平和现状的认知,更好地支撑非常规水资源开发利用管理和实践,在对不同类型非常规水资源开发利用实地调研的基础上,重点阐述非常规水资源的术语和内涵,总结非常规水资源的现状开发利用量和开发利用模式,分析非常规水资源开发利用中存在的主要问题,并针对性地提出对策建议。近年来中国加大了对非常规水资源的开发利用力度,非常规水资源开发利用量逐年上升,截至2018年底已达86.4亿m³,但在全国供水总量中的占比尚不足1.5%,开发利用中还存在体制机制不健全、规划设计不到位、工程技术有短板等问题,制约着非常规水资源开发利用的有序发展。非常规水资源开发利用涉及面广,需要社会各界的共同努力,才能迎来非常规水资源开发利用的新局面。  相似文献