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1.
铜藻(Sargassum horneri)是主要分布于北太平洋西部的暖温带性海藻,是我国海藻场的重要组成物种之一,对于海洋环境、渔业资源具有重要支撑作用。除底栖生活外,铜藻可营漂浮生活。气囊和生殖托是铜藻适应漂浮生活的重要结构,但是二者与漂浮生活相适应的结构特点尚研究有限。本文对漂浮铜藻和底栖铜藻气囊、生殖托的数量以及主要形态学特征进行了统计学分析,结果显示:漂浮铜藻气囊体积显著小于底栖铜藻(P0.01),漂浮铜藻生殖托个数远少于底栖铜藻(P0.01),推测铜藻为了适应漂浮生境,其漂浮能力和有性生殖能力已经发生改变。  相似文献   
2.
The red seaweed genus Asparagopsis Montagne (Bonnemaisoniales) contains two widely introduced species that are considered notorious seaweed invaders worldwide, Asparagopsis armata and A. taxiformis, both characterised by heteromorphic, diplo-haplontic life histories. To uncover cryptic introductions of Asparagopsis along the South African coastline and identify ‘Falkenbergia’ isolates (i.e. tetrasporophytic life-history phase morphologically identical between species), the mitochon-drial cox2–3 spacer was sequenced from gametophytes of Asparagopsis taxiformis from Scottburgh, KwaZulu-Natal, on the East Coast, Knysna Lagoon on the South Coast and from tetrasporophytes, otherwise unidentifiable to species level, collected from False Bay near Cape Town on the South-West Coast and Tsitsikamma on the South Coast. Only tetrasporophytes of the temperate Asparagopsis armata were encountered from the Cape Peninsula (Cape Town) probably as far east as to Port St Johns, Eastern Cape province. This is considered an introduced species, and was first collected at Kommetjie (Cape Peninsula) in 1935. Gametophytes of the warm-temperate to tropical A. taxiformis were first collected at Reunion Rocks near Durban in 1984; the KwaZulu-Natal material studied here belongs to an Atlantic Mediterranean cryptic lineage. This taxon is an ecological dominant in some intertidal and shallow subtidal areas in northern KwaZulu-Natal, and is thus considered ‘introduced’ and ‘invasive’. In contrast, A. taxiformis gametophytes, collected in Knysna Lagoon in 2008, clustered with individuals of Indo-Pacific lineage 2. The latter is considered a major invasive lineage in the western Mediterranean, but at present is categorised as introduced in South Africa. This study provides molecular evidence of three independent, cryptic introductions in South Africa, one of them probably very recent, and this is discussed with respect to potential vectors responsible for transport.  相似文献   
3.
Kelp forests along South Africa's southwest coast occur in a region of biogeographical overlap. Commonly referred to as transition-zone kelp forests, these dynamic ecosystems are particularly susceptible to grazing from species such as urchins. This study explores relationships between urchins and macroalgae in transition-zone kelp forests along the western side of False Bay. Six kelp forests in this region were sampled. At each site, the urchin Parechinus angulosus and kelp Ecklonia maxima were counted, percentage cover of understorey algae was recorded, and drift algae were collected. Despite variability in urchin and algal cover across sites, kelps generally increased from north to south, while urchins did the opposite. Urchins were negatively associated with macroalgae, although this relationship was weak. A localised threshold of 50 urchins m–2 was identified, above which kelp density failed to increase above 10 m–2 and percentage cover of understorey algae usually remained below 20%. Surprisingly, no relationship was discovered between drift algae and attached algae. The findings highlight the complexity of these cool-water environments. To better understand the role of urchins in this system, particularly under changing climate trends, experimental research into the feeding behaviour and possible effects of urchins on attached algae in the presence/absence of drift algae is advised.  相似文献   
4.
为了对商品化的海藻植物促生长剂中甜菜碱的含量进行测定,利用酸性条件下甜菜碱能与雷氏盐发生特异性反应,生成的络合物在λ525nm有最大吸收的特征,用比色法来检测甜菜碱的含量,并对测定条件、络合物的稳定性、方法的回收率进行了系统研究。结果表明,标准曲线的相关系数为0.9985,平均加标回收率是99.07%。用此方法测定了国内外7种海藻植物促生长剂产品中甜菜碱的含量,其中1号样品甜菜碱质量比最低,为0.6193mg/g,6号样品甜菜碱质量比最高,为120.4163mg/g。此方法能快速、简便、准确地测定海藻植物促生长剂中甜菜碱的含量。  相似文献   
5.
海水贝藻类养殖碳汇是海洋渔业碳汇的重要组成,开展其碳汇研究对服务我国实现碳中和目标有积极的作用。福建省的海水养殖规模和产量居于全国前列,对其海水贝藻类养殖碳汇及潜力评估有重要的意义。本研究分析了2015至2020年度《中国渔业统计年鉴》海水贝藻类养殖数据,估算了2014年至2019年全国及福建省海水贝藻类养殖碳汇强度,并评估了福建省贝藻类养殖碳汇潜力。研究结果表明,福建省在全国贝藻类养殖碳汇强度占比较大,且逐年递增,在2019年估算的碳汇强度高达211.3万吨(占全国估算总值的31.16%)。与全国海水贝藻类碳汇增速17.3万吨/年相比,福建省的年增速数据(10.7万吨/年)表明福建省具有较强的海水贝藻类养殖碳汇潜力,并可带来可观的减排经济效益,为我国实现碳中和这一宏伟目标做出重要贡献。  相似文献   
6.
以藻类为食的石鳖和拟帽贝的消化腺中 含有酶解藻类的消化酶,从这两种海产贝类中提取混合酶能够成为对海藻细胞遗传学研究有 效的工具酶。通过对20种青岛海滨常见藻类酶解效果的比较发现:(1)该酶对各种藻类均有 一定的解离作用,尤其对红藻效果好,对绿藻次之;(2)解离时间相对较短,一般在1h左右 ,解离甘紫菜30min即可有50%的单细胞游离。贝类混合消化酶由于综合多种贝类的食性特 征,具有比单一动物消化酶更广泛的消化作用。  相似文献   
7.
大型海藻对富营养化海湾生物修复的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近年来,我国诸多海湾富营养化严重,海湾赤潮和大规模的养殖生物病害频繁发生,海湾生态系统严重失衡。海带、裙带菜、紫菜、龙须菜等大型经济海藻,生物量大、生产力高,在生长过程中能大量吸收C、N、P等营养物质,栽培大型海藻是吸收、利用营养物质,防治富营养化的有效措施之一。本文综述了规模化栽培大型海藻对富营养化海湾生物修复的研究进展。  相似文献   
8.
关于马尾藻代替部分粮食和矿物质饲喂肉鸡的探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用含有5%、10%和15%的马尾藻组成的饲料饲喂肉用仔鸡,发现10%以内对肉用仔鸡的生长速度没有不良影响,但10%与15%的马尾藻饲料对饲料利用效率降低。只有5%的马尾藻组与对照组相近,10%和15%的海藻组均比对照组低。用3%的马尾藻粉代替微量元素添加剂,发现其生长速度和饲料利用效率均高于对照组,生长速率提高4.7—7.7%,饲料利用效率比对照组高3.2%—6.0%。马尾藻饲料组对仔鸡的成活率没有影响  相似文献   
9.
Results of a series of experiments(on the adsorption of divalent metal ions by dried alginic acid, Na and Ca alginates of different composition and block structure) conducted in this systematic study of the effects of the composition and structure of alginates on the static adsorption equilibrium of divalent metal ions indicate that the properties of alginate adsorption to divalent metal ions are highly different, depending not only on the cations used, but also on the form and structure of the alginates. There is close correlation between the adsorption properties and the structure of the alginates. The selectivity coefficient of Na alginate for Cd-Sr ion exchange tends to increase with the increase of the M/G ratio in alginate, whereas the adsorption capacity of Ca alginate for Cu~(2+) ion decrease with the increase of the G-block or the average length of the G-block ((?)_G) and the total adsorption capacity of alginic acid is found to vary in the same order as the F_(MM)(diad frequency) in alginate in  相似文献   
10.
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