基于SPE与SPATT的水体中麻痹性贝类毒素检测方法构建与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张亚亚  闫国旺  吴海燕  谭志军  张志华  江涛  李玉 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(2):298-306

为实现麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)的实时监控与提前预警,本研究构建了基于固相萃取技术(solid phase extraction,SPE)与固相吸附毒素跟踪技术(solid phase adsorption toxin tracking,SPATT)的水体中PSP检测方法,重点优化了吸附材料及前处理方法,评价了回收率、检出限等指标,并将方法应用于2019年春季秦皇岛山海关海域PSP消长过程的监测中,比较评估了两种方法的监控预警效果。结果表明:SPE方法选用ENVI-Carb 500mg/6mL固相萃取柱,过样体积为50mL,13种PSP组分的平均回收率为82.2%±10.0%、检出限为4.0-20.0ng/L;SPATT方法选用SP207大孔吸附树脂,洗脱时间为静置Id最佳,整体回收率约为9.2%;在实际应用中,结合产毒藻密度及贻贝富集毒素含量的变化,发现SPE方法的检测结果可实时表征海域PSP风险状况,对于贻贝中PSP的预警效果也显著优于SAPTT方法,后者不仅因监控方式相对滞后一个监测周期,且灵敏度及准确性均较差。对于秦皇岛海域,当SPE方法检测结果达到100ng STX eq/L时,该海域贻贝中PSP残留将具有潜在的食用安全风险,跟踪过程表明这一阈值可提前两周预警贻贝富集毒素含量超出我国限量标准(800μg STX eq/kg),这对于强化风险警示并制定防范措施具有积极作用。  相似文献   

天津鲤鱼门滩涂经济贝类资源变化及原因探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李永仁  梁健  郭永军  邢克智 《海洋科学》2015,39(11):68-73

为探讨天津汉沽鲤鱼门潮间带经济贝类资源的变化特征,2012~2014年作者对该滩涂经济贝类开展资源调查,并与2008年的调查结果进行对比分析。结果表明:2012~2014年经济贝类种数分别为9种、10种、10种,高于2008年的7种;鲤鱼门滩涂经济贝类主要分布于中潮区,2012~2014年中潮区经济贝类资源量分别为1 082.8、1 183.9和1 339.8g/m2,高于2008年的293.5 g/m2;2012~2014年优势种为菲律宾蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)仔,优势度90%以上,2008年优势种为四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis);近年来菲律宾蛤仔大量出现,与邻近海域的大规模增殖放流活动密切相关。  相似文献   

桑沟湾农药残留及贝毒对海洋环境质量影响和主要食用贝类健康风险评估          下载免费PDF全文

孙丕喜  郝林华  杜蓓蓓  韩彬  高春蕾  张志新  连岩  田金玲  赵城南  孔昊明  李连森 《海洋科学进展》2015,33(1)

根据2009-04—2010-02隔月6个航次桑沟湾9个调查站位贝类养殖区有机氯(OCPs)、有机磷(OPPs)农药残留和麻痹性贝毒(PSP)的调查资料,分析了它们在该海域海水中、表层沉积物中和主要贝类(栉孔扇贝、太平洋牡蛎和菲律滨蛤仔)体内的含量水平,就农药残留及贝毒污染对海洋环境质量的影响进行综合评价和类别划分,并对主要食用贝类中农药残留和贝毒的暴露水平进行健康风险评估。结果表明,桑沟湾贝类养殖区海水质量、沉积物质量和养殖贝类质量水平范围为1~2级,平均分别为2级、1级和1级,养殖生态环境综合质量水平为2级;总体上,该海域海洋环境综合质量处于良好水平,贝类产区生态环境质量为1类区(清洁区)。即该海域农药残留及贝毒污染对海洋环境质量影响较小或无明显影响。另外,针对食用桑沟湾贝类水产品的消费人群进行了农药残留及贝毒污染的健康风险评估,结果表明调查人群食用贝类中OCPs中的HCHs和DDTs、OPPs中的马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷、PSP的日摄入量分别为0.75,2.11,0.19,0.09和1.22μg/(人·d),其摄入量低于ADI的推荐限值,因此桑沟湾主要食用贝类中农药残留及贝毒污染的健康风险处于安全范围。  相似文献   

Chitosan oligosaccharide-Ca complex accelerates the depuration of cadmium from Chlamys ferrari   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guoqing Huang  Jipeng Sun  Dongfeng Wang  Ying Xu  Wei Xu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(2):219-226

This study investigated the effect of a chitosan oligosaccharide-Ca complex (COS-Ca) on the depuration of cadmium (Cd) from Chlamys ferrari. After exposure to 0.5 mg L-1 CdCl2 for 3 or 7 d, the scallops were treated by COS-Ca prior to determina-tion of Cd, calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) contents, Cd distribution in organs, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant variables. Results showed that COS-Ca reduced Cd content in the viscera of the scallops, with highest Cd depuration rate (47%) observed on day 3. The COS-Ca concentration substantially affected Cd depuration, and the exposure to 8.75 mg L-1 COS-Ca led to significantly higher Cd depuration rate compared with those of lower COS-Ca concentrations (1.75, 3.5, 5.25, and 7.00 mg L-1). Distribution analysis of Cd in scallop organs indicated that COS-Ca significantly reduced Cd content in the kidney throughout the 5-d experiment, as well as in the gill during the early stage of Cd depuration. In addition, COS-Ca treatment decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and MDA content while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities on different days. Our work suggested COS-Ca complex treatment as an effective method for acceleration of Cd depuration from Cd-contaminated bivalves.  相似文献   

麻痹性贝毒对肝脏和肾脏氧化损伤的影响     

陈雪  程金平  张鉴达  宋玉玲  王文华  于金莲 《海洋科学》2010,34(12):93-95

为了探讨麻痹性贝毒(PSP)对肝脏和肾脏损伤的机制,采用膝沟藻毒素GTX-1,4对小鼠进行急性暴露,剂量为1μg/kg,时间分别为60、90、120min。结果发现,与对照组相比,肝脏染毒组中的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量没有显著变化;在肾脏中,60 min时染毒组GSH含量没有明显变化,90、120 min时GSH含量降低;两器官中抗氧化酶(GSH-Px、SOD)活性与对照组相比均无显著变化(P0.05)。从而推断,GSH参与了PSP对肾脏损害的毒性过程;肾中GSH含量有可能作为PSP早期检测的敏感指标。  相似文献   

A sulfotransferase specific to N-21 of gonyautoxin 2/3 from crude enzyme extraction of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense CI01     

王大志  张树刚  洪华生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(2):227-234

Sulfotransferase (ST) is the first enzyme discovered in association with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin biosynthesis in toxic dinoflagellates. This study investigates the ST activity in crude enzyme extraction of a toxic dinoflagellate species, Alexandrium tamarense CI01. The results show that crude enzyme can transfer a sulfate group from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to N-21 in the carbamoyl group of gonyautoxin 2/3 (GTX2/3) to produce C1/C2, but is inactive toward STX to produce GTX5. The crude enzyme is optimally active at pH 6.0 and 15°C. The activity is enhanced by Co2 , Mg2 , Mn2 and Ca2 individually, but is inhibited by Cu2 . Moreover, the activity shows no difference when various sulfur compounds are used as sulfate donors. These results demonstrate that the ST specific to GTX2/3 is present in the cells of A. tamarense CI01 and is involved in PSP toxin biosynthesis. In addition, the ST from different dinoflagellates is species-specific, which explains well the various biosynthesis pathways of the PSP toxins in toxic dinoflagellates.  相似文献   

Concentrations of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in various marine organisms in relation to those in sediments and to trophic level   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

P. Baumard  H. Budzinski  P. Garrigues  J. C. Sorbe  T. Burgeot  J. Bellocq 《Marine pollution bulletin》1998,36(12):951-960

Sediments and marine organisms such as mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), fish (Mullus barbatus, Serranus scriba), crabs (Polybius henslowi) and shrimp-like crustaceans (mysids, euphausiids) were sampled on European coasts, France, Spain) and analysed for their PAH content by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PAH concentrations determined in the organisms were significantly negatively correlated with logK_ow values, but to different extents according to the species. This was explained by the greater exposure of the organisms to the lower molecular weight compounds with differences resulting from different feeding habits, habitat, and biotransformation capacities of the organisms in relation to trophic levels. The influence of these observations on the use of different sentinel species in biomonitoring programmes is discussed.  相似文献   

长竹蛏人工育苗技术的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王云 《台湾海峡》2001,20(1):27-31

本文对长竹蛏繁殖习性、胚胎发育和人工育苗技术关键进行研究．结果表明亲贝经暂养可促进性成熟；幼虫对温、盐度的适应较广；变态附着采用缩光培育,未经缩光的附着时间延长,存活率降低;幼虫长至约240μm变态附着,附着量在(0.6～10)×106个/m  相似文献   

东山湾贝类养殖容量的估算   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

卢振彬  杜琦  钱小明  方民杰  蔡清海  许翠娅 《台湾海峡》2001,20(4):462-470

以初级生产力为基础，应用营养动态模式和沿岸海域能流分析模型，估算东山湾贝类年生产量分别为269331t和295767t，平均282549t。扣除潮间带、潮下带和吊养区浮筏、随着基及延绳上附着的非养殖滤食性附着动物自然现存量35760t，贝类可养殖量为246789t。应用统计分析和逻辑斯谛种群增长模型估计贝类可养面积为11839hm^2，其中缢蛏635hm^2，石蛎1160hm^2,吊蛎1525hm^2，翡翠贻贝633hm^2，菲律宾蛤仔1154hm^2，扇贝698hm^2，江瑶248hm^2，泥蚶601hm^2，巴非蛤4151hm^2，凸壳肌蛤1034hm^2。1998年实际养殖面积和养殖产量分别为10581hm^2和220564t。尚有1258hm^2,26225t的扩大开发潜力。文中还讨论了合理布局和优化养殖结构问题。  相似文献   

缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta卵子发生的超微结构分析     

上官步敏  刘正琮  许振祖 《台湾海峡》1992,(2)

本文描述了缢蛏卵子发生过程细胞学和超微结构的特征。在卵黄发生前期,卵母细胞胞质中存在着核质外排小体和大量的核糖体。在卵黄发生期,卵质中可见发达的内质网、环孔瓣状体和大量的线粒体及高尔基体等;卵核上有核膜泡和核膜小管的结构,并可观察到核孔数目大量增加。文中讨论了上述几种结构在卵子发生过程中的作用以及它们之间的关系。  相似文献