2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震InSAR同震形变场特征及发震构造初步探讨     

温少妍  李成龙  李金 《内陆地震》2020,(1):1-9

基于Sentinel-1 SAR升、降影像,利用D-InSAR技术获取新疆伽师M S6.4地震的同震形变场,结果表明,本次地震引起的同震形变场整体呈近椭圆状分布,形变区东西长约66 km,南北宽约40 km,整个形变场由南部隆升区和北部沉降区组成,南部最大隆升量约7 cm,北部最大沉降量约3 cm。本次地震发生在块体俯冲界面处的低倾角逆冲推覆构造带上,隆升和沉降两个中心均位于逆冲推覆体的上盘,形变主要以隆升形变为主,符合低倾角逆断层中强震的变形特征。在沉降区与隆升区之间干涉条纹连续分布,未出现表征地表破裂位置的空间失相关带,表明地震未引起明显的地表破裂。结合震源机制、余震精定位及区域构造特征,初步推断认为伽师地震的发震构造可能为柯坪塔格推覆构造前缘的N倾的柯坪断裂。  相似文献   

文莱-沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带构造变形特征及成因机制          下载免费PDF全文

唐武  赵志刚  张功成  谢晓军  刘世翔  王一博  宋双  王龙  孙瑞  郭佳 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4281-4295

为揭示活动陆缘深水褶皱冲断带的特征及成因，本文利用地震和区域地质资料的综合分析，系统阐述了文莱—沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带的构造变形特征，并结合盆地演化动力学特点，探讨其构造变形机制及其对深水区油气成藏的影响.研究结果表明，文莱—沙巴盆地深水褶皱冲断带具有"垂向分期、平面分段"的特点，垂向上，以中中新统底界面为界可划分为下部（始新世-早中新世）和上部（中中新世-现今）两套逆冲褶皱冲断体系，其中下部逆冲褶皱冲断带的形成与古南海的俯冲作用密切相关，上部逆冲褶皱冲断带是中中新世以来三角洲前缘重力滑动与苏禄海扩张造成的区域挤压应力远程效应共同作用的结果，且苏禄海扩张造成的远程挤压效应主控平面上南北段褶皱冲断带变形的差异性，导致北段褶皱变形强度大于南段，具有背斜褶皱数量多、褶皱间距离短、逆冲断层倾角陡的特点，南段反之；且晚上新世以来北段深水区地层缩短量大于陆架区伸展量，两者之差为2~6 km，而南段两者相当，仅受三角洲前缘重力滑动影响.整个褶皱冲断带发育断弯、断展、断滑褶皱等3种断层相关褶皱以及叠瓦扇和冲起构造2种逆冲构造组合，是多期NW向挤压应力作用下形成的大型逆冲推覆构造，以前展式向盆地扩展.此外，由于中中新世以来逆冲断层的持续活动，研究区深水褶皱冲断带发育众多构造圈闭，油气成藏条件优越，且南段优于北段，靠近陆坡的近端优于远端，可作为勘探部署重点.  相似文献   

USE OF SEISMIC WAVEFORMS AND INSAR DATA FOR DETERMINATION OF THE SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE MAINLING M_S6.9 EARTHQUAKE ON NOV.18, 2017     

LIU Yun-hua  SHAN Xin-jian  ZHANG Ying-feng  ZHAO De-zheng  QU Chun-yan 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1254-1275

On November 18, 2017, a M_S6.9 earthquake struck Mainling County, Tibet, with a depth of 10km. The earthquake occurred at the eastern Himalaya syntaxis. The Namche Barwan moved northward relative to the Himalayan terrane and was subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane, forming the eastern syntaxis after the collision of the Indian plate and Asian plates. Firstly, this paper uses the far and near field broadband seismic waveform for joint inversion (CAPJoint method)of the earthquake focal mechanism. Two groups of nodal planes are obtained after 1000 times Bootstrap test. The strike, dip and rake of the best solution are calculated to be 302°, 76° and 84° (the nodal plane Ⅰ)and 138°, 27° and 104° (the nodal plane Ⅱ), respectively. This event was captured by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)measurements from the Sentinel-1A radar satellite, which provide the opportunity to determine the fault plane, as well as the co-seismic slip distribution, and assess the seismic hazards. The overall trend of the deformation field revealed by InSAR is consistent with the GPS displacement field released by the Gan Wei-Jun's team. Geodesy (InSAR and GPS)observation of the earthquake deformation field shows the northeastern side of the epicenter uplifting and the southwestern side sinking. According to geodetic measurements and the thrust characteristics of fault deformation field, we speculate that the nodal plane Ⅰ is the true rupture plane. Secondly, based on the focal mechanism, we use InSAR data as the constraint to invert for the fine slip distribution on the fault plane. Our best model suggests that the seismogenic fault is a NW-SE striking thrust fault with a high angle. Combined with the slip distribution and aftershocks, we suggest that the earthquake is a high-angle thrust event, which is caused by the NE-dipping thrust beneath the Namche Barwa syntaxis subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane.  相似文献   

库车坳陷克深气田致密砂岩储层构造裂缝形成序列与分布规律     

王珂  杨海军  李勇  张荣虎  杨学君  王俊鹏 《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(1):30-46

综合采用岩心、薄片和成像测井等资料,对库车坳陷克深气田白垩系巴什基奇克组构造裂缝的形成序列、分布规律和影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:剪切裂缝和张性裂缝在克深气田均有发育,以直立缝和高角度缝为主,主要形成于近南北向的挤压作用、背斜弯曲拱张作用和异常流体高压作用,微观裂缝切穿胶结物和部分颗粒,早期充填构造裂缝可在后期构造应力和异常流体高压作用下重新裂开成为有效裂缝。克深气田发育3期构造裂缝,其中第3期构造裂缝的形成时间与天然气大量充注期吻合,是工业规模性气藏形成的关键因素。单个断背斜高部位的构造应力低于背斜翼部,因此背斜高部位的构造裂缝线密度相对较低,但背斜弯曲变形使裂缝开度较大,有效性好,单井的无阻流量较高;翼部和断层附近构造裂缝线密度较大,但开度较小,有效性差;构造应力、岩石强度和变形时间的不同造成了构造裂缝特征在各气藏之间具有差异性。储层中部第3砂层组的构造裂缝发育程度中等,充填程度相对较低,并且平面上分布连续,可形成连片分布的储层“甜点”区,应成为克深气田开发中的重点层位。对克深气田构造裂缝起主要贡献作用的为水下分流河道和河口坝微相的粉‒细砂岩。  相似文献   

尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带油源对比及油气成藏     

杨平  谭富文  施美凤  王正和  李忠雄  占王忠  Sudhir RAJAURE  Ganesh N.TRIPATHI 《地质学报》2021,95(11):3426-3441

尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带油气苗来源不清极大地影响了该区油气勘探.在地质-地球物理综合调查的基础上,利用油气地球化学、碳同位素及生烃史模拟对尼泊尔代莱克地区油源和成藏过程进行了研究.结果表明:①尼泊尔代莱克地区油苗产于Padukasthan断裂,可分两期,第一期呈含油断层泥产出,氯仿沥青"A"为149～231 μg/g,RR.为0.81％,氯仿沥青"A"的δ13C相对较重(-26.24‰～-27.10‰),族组分具有正碳同位素序列,发黄绿色荧光,为典型的低熟煤成油,第二期呈液态油产出并遭受微生物降解,金刚烷IMD指数为0.33～0.45,R.为1.24％～1.53％,3,4-DMD含量46％～47％,全油δ13C为-29.50‰～-29.45‰,族组分碳同位素趋于一致,发蓝色荧光,为海相成因高熟油;②第一期油来源于Surkhet群的Melpani组和Gondwana群煤系烃源岩,为Ⅲ型有机质低熟阶段的产物,第二期来源于Surkhet群的Swat组浅海陆棚相黑色页岩,为Ⅱ1型有机质生油高峰的产物,两期油与Lakharpata群过成熟黑色泥岩和Siwalik群未熟泥岩没有亲缘关系;③尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带具有"多源多期、推覆增熟、砂体控储、披覆控聚"的油气成藏模式,油气成藏过程可划分为沉积浅埋、构造圈闭形成、深埋油藏形成、气藏形成和晚期改造定型5个演化阶段;④尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆有利于Gondwana群、Surkhet群深埋增温、持续快速生烃和晚期成藏,对比邻区巴基斯坦的含油气盆地,尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带及相邻类似地区具备良好的油气成藏条件.  相似文献   

不同变形速率下前陆褶皱冲断带的发育特征——基于砂箱物理模拟实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵高平  刘树根  邓宾  李智武  王兴建  万元博  李金玺 《地质论评》2015,61(4):935-947

构造模拟实验是研究和模拟自然界地质构造现象、变形特征、成因机制和动力学过程的一种物理实验方法。本文基于砂箱构造物理模型高、中、低速7组不同单向挤压速度的构造模拟实验,揭示不同变形速率下砂箱物质变形的几何学、运动学及其演化特征,探讨不同变形速度(尤其是不同量级速度)对前陆褶皱冲断构造变形的重要性。高速单向挤压变形过程中(0.4~0.1mm/s),砂箱模型中石英砂体后缘构造加积强烈,砂体变形主要以楔形体向前扩展变形为主,其构造样式主要表现为前展式叠瓦冲断构造。中速挤压变形过程中(0.05~0.005mm/s),砂体后缘加积相对较弱,构造变形样式主要为砂箱楔形体前缘先形成(前展式为主)逆冲断层,当达到临界楔形体后,反冲断层发育并与前展式逆冲断层构成冲起构造,构造样式上表现为叠瓦构造与冲起构造的无序叠加。低速挤压变形过程中(0.002mm/s),砂箱物质构造样式以典型冲起带为主。由于砂箱模拟过程的时效性,即如何在最有效时间内获得最全面而复杂的演变过程,通过本次系列实验,我们建议将此有效挤压速度设定为0.05~0.005mm/s范围内,可以先后清晰而全面的获得高速和低速挤压下砂体的变形过程和构造样式。  相似文献   

Tectonic control of accommodation space and sediment supply within the Mata Amarilla Formation (lower Upper Cretaceous) Patagonia,Argentina          下载免费PDF全文

Augusto N. Varela 《Sedimentology》2015,62(3):867-896

The Mata Amarilla Formation dates from the early Upper Cretaceous and was deposited during a transition in tectonic regime from the extensional Rocas Verdes Basin to the Austral Foreland Basin. Detailed sedimentological logs and architectural parameters were used to define 13 facies associations. The distribution of facies associations and associated variations in fluvial architecture have enabled large‐scale changes in accommodation space/sediment supply ratios (A/S ratio) to be defined for the three component sections of the Mata Amarilla Formation. The lower and upper sections are characterized by a high A/S ratio, whereas the middle section corresponds to a low A/S ratio. In the western part of the study area, small‐scale variations in the A/S ratio were recognized in the middle section. The strong west to east trend in evolution of the fluvial systems coincides with the direction of propagation of the Patagonian fold and thrust belt, which is located to the west of the study area. Intervals of high A/S ratio (i.e. lower and upper sections) are interpreted to have developed during periods of increased loading by the fold and thrust belt caused by tectonic uplift. In contrast, intervals of low A/S ratio (i.e. middle section) were developed during periods of tectonic quiescence. This article suggests that the large‐scale variations in A/S ratios are related to different rates of migration and growth of the Patagonian fold and thrust belt, whereas the small‐scale variation occurred in response to specific periods of thrusting and folding in the Patagonian fold and thrust belt (i.e. local loads). This field example of the effects of different scales of variation in A/S ratios across the Austral Foreland Basin could be used to recognize similar tectonically forced variations in stratigraphic architecture in other foreland basins throughout the world, as well as to understand the response of fluvial systems to such changes.  相似文献   

龙门山冲断带分段机理研究     

甯濛  刘殊  龚文平  魏一冰  纪璇 《地质论评》2015,61(6):1248-1256

前陆冲断带具有巨大的油气勘探潜力,构造分段性控制油气分布。龙门山冲断带构造分段特征明显,但对分段性的形成机理缺乏深入研究。总结前人砂箱模拟实验成果认为:盆地基底差异和推覆带附近刚性体分布的差异,是造成冲断带构造分段的主要原因。龙门山前川西古拗拉谷的发现,为盆地基底存在差异提供了有利证据,古拗拉谷两侧发育大邑古隆起、江油——老关庙古隆起,在后期逆冲推覆过程中形成阻挡。通过对龙门山推覆带基底特征和刚性地体进行分析,结合前人模拟实验结果,明确提出龙门山冲断带构造分段机理:龙门山北段构造的形成是以碧口地块为动力,龙门山初始裂谷边缘古隆起形成阻挡,在古隆起上方形成冲断带;中段以彭灌杂岩体[彭县——灌县(都江堰)杂岩体]传递动力,在川西古拗拉谷坳陷部位,刚性体挤入盆地内部,印支期——喜马拉雅期,古坳陷部位继承性地发展为川西前陆盆地;南段以宝兴杂岩体传递动力,在大邑古隆起上方形成冲断带。  相似文献   

Formation of the Dongmozhazhua Pb–Zn Deposit in the Thrust‐Fold Setting of the Tibetan Plateau,China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Data     

YingChao LIU  ZengQian HOU  ZhuSen YANG  ShiHong TIAN  TianNan YANG  YuCai SONG  HongRui ZHANG  Emmanuel John M. CARRANZA 《Resource Geology》2011,61(4):384-406

The Dongmozhazhua deposit, the largest Pb–Zn deposit in south Qinghai, China, is stratabound, carbonate‐hosted and associated with epigenetic dolomitization and silicification of Lower–Middle Permian—Upper Triassic limestones in the hanging walls of a Cenozoic thrust fault system. The mineralization is localized in a Cenozoic thrust‐folded belt along the northeastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, which was formed due to the India–Asia plate collision during the early Tertiary. The deposit comprises 16 orebodies with variable thicknesses (1.5–26.3 m) and lengths (160–1820 m). The ores occur as dissemination, vein, and breccia cement. The main sulfide assemblage is sphalerite + galena + pyrite + marcasite ± chalcopyrite ± tetrahedrite, and gangue minerals consist mainly of calcite, dolomite, barite, and quartz. Samples of pre‐ to post‐ore stages calcite yielded δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values that are, respectively, similar to and lower than those yielded by the host limestones, suggesting that the calcite formed from fluids derived from carbonate dissolution. Fluid inclusions in calcite and sphalerite in the polymetallic sulfidization stage mostly comprise liquid and gas phases at room temperature, with moderate homogenization temperatures (100–140°C) and high salinities (21–28 wt% NaCl eq.). Micro‐thermometric fluid inclusion data point to polysaline brines as ore‐forming fluids. The δD and δ¹⁸O values of ore fluids, cation compositions of fluid inclusions, and geological information suggest two main possible fluid sources, namely basinal brines and evaporated seawater. The fluid inclusion data and regional geology suggest that basinal brines derived from Tertiary basins located southeast of the Dongmozhazhua deposit migrated along deep detachment zones of the regional thrust system, leached substantial base metals from country rocks, and finally ascended along thrust faults at Dongmozhazhua. There, the base‐metal‐rich basinal brines mixed with bacterially‐reduced H₂S‐bearing fluids derived from evaporated seawater preserved in the Permo–Triassic carbonate strata. The mixing of the two fluids resulted in Pb–Zn mineralization. The Dongmozhazhua Pb–Zn deposit has many characteristics that are similar to MVT Pb–Zn deposits worldwide.  相似文献   

南大巴山西北段镇巴—下高川地区地质构造解析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘战庆  裴先治  丁仨平  李佐臣  李瑞保  陈有炘  刘智刚  张晓飞  陈国超  王学良 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(1):54-63

在南大巴山西北段镇巴—下高川地区进行1∶50 000地质填图基础上,通过对地质构造现象野外的详细观测,运用持平投影的构造几何学和运动学等方法对主要断层面擦痕和断层两侧不对称褶皱枢纽以及褶皱两翼产状进行统计分析和构造解析,结合区域沉积资料和地质年代学资料,对该区构造进行构造序列分析,并探讨南大巴山构造带的变形时限、动力学机制及其演化。研究表明:南大巴山西北段镇巴—下高川地区断裂构造特征表现为高角度逆冲推覆兼有右行走滑性质的叠瓦式逆冲推覆构造;与逆冲推覆构造相关褶皱多为轴面东倾西倒的同斜褶皱和斜歪褶皱,而且由东向西褶皱紧闭程度逐渐减弱,表明逆冲推覆方向由东向西,扩展方式为前展式。该区是在印支期扬子地块与秦岭造山带全面碰撞造山作用基础上,在燕山期中—晚期整个大巴山构造系由北东向南西方向大规模的陆内造山,形成了现今的构造几何形态,其中右行走滑构造是燕山期中—晚期(J3-K2)逆冲推覆构造持续向西南推移过程中形成的。  相似文献