碳氮稳定同位素比值在潮间带大型底栖动物组织间差异性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘博  陈琳琳  李宝泉  侯西勇  冯光海  李晓炜  李秉钧  王玉珏 《海洋学报》2019,41(4):74-82

近年来，稳定同位素技术已被广泛应用于食物网研究中。然而，生物样品取样部位对食物网构建的影响的研究相对少见。大型底栖动物作为潮间带食物网的重要组成部分，在食物网研究中有必要对其采样部位进行统一，以增加研究结果的准确性及可比较性。本研究选取黄河三角洲和烟台潮间带10种代表性的大型底栖动物，比较δ13C和δ15N在不同采样部位中的差异。结果显示，对于大多数底栖动物而言，采样部位将直接影响到δ13C和δ15N的测定结果。当底栖动物作为摄食者，需分析其食性和营养级时，应统一采用肌肉组织，如贝类的闭壳肌或足部肌肉，蟹类的鳌足肌肉，鱼类的背部肌肉；当底栖动物作为被摄食者，需分析次级消费者的食性和营养级时，除多毛类采用去除消化道内容物的体壁外，其他种类应选取整体（难以被消化的组织除外），如贝类的软体部，蟹类肌肉与鳃等的混合组织。  相似文献   

杭州湾和三门湾拖网大型底栖动物群落组成和多样性研究     

严润玄  韩庆喜  王晓波 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(3):484-493

本研究根据2017年8月和2018年8月在东海北部杭州湾和三门湾大型底栖动物的拖网采集资料,对这两个海域的大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性进行了研究。杭州湾的10个站位和三门湾的6个站位共获得61种大型底栖动物,其中甲壳动物最多(22种),其次是鱼类(20种)、软体动物(14种)、棘皮动物(2种)、刺胞动物(2种),多毛类最少(1种)。杭州湾大型底栖动物优势种出现3种,三门湾出现8种,脊尾白虾Palaemoncarinicauda是两个海域唯一的共同优势种。相比2017年,杭州湾和三门湾在2018年鱼类的种类和数量都有明显的增长。根据大型底栖群落的多样性指数,杭州湾不同区域的生物多样性差异较大,而三门湾则较为平均。对杭州湾和三门湾大型底栖动物进行聚类分析和nMDS排序分析,结果表明,杭州湾不同站位大型底栖动物相似度低,Q8、Q9、Q10站位群落结构与三门湾的站位更为接近,三门湾的底栖群落在2017年和2018年存在较大差异。杭州湾和三门湾大型底栖动物群落的变化可能与环境因子、人类活动、厄尔尼诺事件等的变化相关。  相似文献   

莱州湾大型底栖动物群落结构及其动态变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁伟  王俊  左涛  牛明香  栾青杉  时永强  孙坚强 《海洋学报》2020,42(6):52-61

本文以莱州湾2009年夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)及2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)4个季节大型底栖动物资料为基础，对莱州湾大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种进行了研究，同时与历史资料进行对比，探讨了莱州湾大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及动态变化。4个航次中共鉴定出大型底栖动物272种，其中包括环节动物多毛类122种，软体动物46种，甲壳动物64种，棘皮动物18种，鱼类9种，其他类13种。调查海域平均丰度为(1102.56 ± 216.32) ind./m2, 多毛类在丰度上占绝对优势；平均生物量为(28.16 ± 8.45) g/m2，软体动物占据优势。丰度和生物量空间分布规律具有很强的相似性，低值区位于莱州湾西部黄河口邻近海域，高值区位于渤海中部海域。丰度和生物量季节变化明显，夏季最高，秋季其次，春季最低。多毛类不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、紫壳阿文蛤(Alvenius ojianus)等是莱州湾调查海域的优势种。通过与历史资料的对比发现，莱州湾大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种类出现小型化的趋势。  相似文献   

2012-2016年调水调沙对黄河口海域大型底栖动物群落结构的影响     

李少文  李凡  宋秀凯  张明亮 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):120-128

为了明确黄河调水调沙对河口海域大型底栖动物群落结构的影响，本研究于2012至2016年调水调沙后进行了大型底栖动物样品的采集工作。整个研究时期共鉴定出大型底栖动物7门138种，生物量和丰度2012年显著高于2016年，生物量年间无显著差异；研究时期内优势种以小型多毛类为主，鲜见软体动物、节肢动物和棘皮动物，其中2016年优势种全部为小个体多毛类；MDS显示，随时间的推移距河口不同距离梯度的大型底栖动物逐渐演变为相同的群落结构，且Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数呈下降趋势；CCA显示研究海域主要底栖动物种类的生态需求为高中值粒径、低溶解氧、pH、黏土和硫化物含量。本研究推测调水调沙工程一定程度上影响了底层生物群落结构，特别是研究海域的A断面。  相似文献   

Removing derelict fishing gear from the deep seabed of the East Sea     

Dong-Oh Cho 《Marine Policy》2011

The East Sea, with an average depth of 1700 m, has long been subject to heavy fishing pressure, resulting in derelict fishing gear. Most derelict fishing gears, such as fishing nets, fishing ropes, and crab pots, sink to the seabed and do not degrade. This gear results in “ghost fishing,” which has adverse impacts on deep benthic habitats. Recently, the Korean government has started to remove derelict fishing gears from the deep seabed of the East Sea by bottom trawling with heavy hooks (50–80 kg) and ropes. A total of 207.8 and 252.2 tons of marine debris in 2009 and 2010, respectively, were removed from the seabed, most of which were derelict fishing gears. Contrary to monitoring surveys and clean-up in shallow waters, removal of marine debris from remote deep habitats is much more difficult and dangerous for removal crews.  相似文献   

Macrobenthos relative to the oxygen minimum zone on the East Indian margin,Bay of Bengal          下载免费PDF全文

Akkur V. Raman  Rayaroth Damodaran  Lisa A. Levin  Thiruchitrambalam Ganesh  Yannamani K. V. Rao  Sateesh Nanduri  Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):679-700

The Bay of Bengal remains one of the least studied of the world's oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Here we offer a detailed investigation of the macrobenthos relative to oxygen minimum zone [OMZ – DO (dissolved oxygen), concentration <0.5 ml·1^?1] at 110 stations off the North East Indian margin (16⁰ and 20⁰ N) featuring coastal, shelf and slope settings (10–1004 m). Macrobenthos (>0.5 mm) composition, abundance and diversity were studied in relation to variations in depth, dissolved oxygen, sediment texture and organic carbon. Using multivariate procedures powered by SIMPROF analysis we identified distinct OMZ core sites (depth 150–280 m; DO 0.37 ml·1^?1) that exhibited dense populations of surface‐feeding polychaetes (mean 2188 ind. m^?2) represented by spionids and cossurids (96%). Molluscs and crustaceans were poorly represented except for ampeliscid amphipods. The lower OMZ sites (DO > 0.55 ml·l^?1) supported a different assemblage of polychaetes (cirratulids, amphinomids, eunicids, orbinids, paraonids), crustaceans and molluscs, albeit with low population densities (mean 343 ind. m^?2). Species richness [E(S₁₀₀)], diversity (Margalef d; H’) and evenness (J’) were lower and dominance was higher within the OMZ core region. Multiple regression analysis showed that a combination of sand, clay, organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen explained 62–78% of the observed variance in macrobenthos species richness and diversity: E(S₁₀₀) and H’. For polychaetes, clay and oxygen proved important. At low oxygen sites (DO <1 ml·l^?1), depth accounted for most variance. Residual analysis (after removing depth effects) revealed that dissolved oxygen and sediment organic matter influenced 50–62% of residual variation in E(S₁₀₀), H’ and d for total macrofauna. Of this, oxygen alone influenced up to ~50–62%. When only polychaetes were evaluated, oxygen and organic matter explained up to 58–63%. For low oxygen sites, organic matter alone had the explanatory power when dominance among polychaetes was considered. Overall, macrobenthic patterns in the Bay of Bengal were consistent with those reported for other upwelling margins. However, the compression of faunal gradients at shallower depths was most similar to the Chile/Peru margin, and different from the Arabian Sea, where the depth range of the OMZ is two times greater. The Bay of Bengal patterns may take on added significance as OMZs shoal globally.  相似文献   

Macrobenthic composition of the southeast continental shelf of India          下载免费PDF全文

Seerangan Manokaran  Syed Ajmal Khan  Parameswari S. Lyla 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(1):1-15

Macrobenthic faunal composition was studied at six different depth ranges (30–50, 51–75, 76–100, 101–150, 151–175 and >176 m) in five transects (off Karaikkal, Parangipettai, Cuddalore‐SIPCOT, Cheyyur and Chennai) in the continental shelf of southeast coast of India. Eleven diverse taxa were found, comprising 113 species of polychaetes, 14 species of bivalves, 10 species of amphipods and ‘others’ (five tanaids, five crabs, four isopods, three echinoderms, two shrimps, two cnidarians, two fishes and one cephalochordate). Polychaetes were the dominant taxa, constituting 88.5% of the total abundance and 30.7% of the total biomass. The number of species (seven per 0.2 m² at >176 m depth range in Chennai to 46 per 0.2 m² at 30–50 m in Cheyyur), abundance (216 per 0.2 m² at >176 m in Karaikkal to 353 per 0.2 m² at 30–50 m in Cheyyur) and biomass (0.09 g per 0.2 m² at 151–175 m in Karaikkal and 4.6 g per 0.2 m² at 30–50 m in Cheyyur) of macrobenthos decreased with increase in depth. DO decreased gradually from 30 m depth; beyond 150 m, the decrease was pronounced due to the presence of the oxygen minimum zone. Using the distance based linear model (DISTLM), it was found that the environmental variables explained about 73.3% of the total variability in macrofaunal distribution. The heavy metals cobalt and mercury, as well as water pressure (proxy for depth), showed a significant relationship with macrofauna, explaining respectively 9, 7.3 and 7% of the total variability. The contribution of other variables was smaller.  相似文献   

海南岛三亚珊瑚礁区大型底栖动物群落特征   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

董栋  李新正  王洪法  张宝琳  寇琦  甘志彬  许鹏 《海洋科学》2015,39(3):83-91

为了解海南省三亚市3个典型珊瑚礁区的底栖生物群落现状,并依此反映该区域珊瑚礁生态系统的健康现状和受扰动程度,作者于2011年11月22日~23日在海南岛三亚西岛、鹿回头和亚龙湾3个珊瑚礁自然保护区内采用潜水方法采集底栖动物,并对分析群落的物种组成、优势类群、丰度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度指数和物种均匀度指数以及生物量/丰度比较曲线特征等进行研究。结果共获得三亚珊瑚礁大型底栖动物166种,优势类群为甲壳动物,优势种为珊瑚铠甲虾(Galathea coralliophilus)。调查区底栖动物平均栖息丰度为566.29个/m2,平均生物量为82.146 g/m2;Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度指数和均匀度指数的平均值分别为3.0581、7.9116和0.8494。其中亚龙湾的上述3项指数均高于其他两个采样地点。生物量/丰度比较曲线表明亚龙湾的底栖群落最稳定,受扰动程度最小。  相似文献   

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局     

林和山  刘坤  王建军  黄雅琴  李众  林俊辉  何雪宝  张舒怡  牟剑锋  王雨  邢炳鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(6):72-81

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.  相似文献   

Multicausal environmental severity: A flexible framework for microtidal sandy beaches and the role of polychaetes as an indicator taxon     

Nafsika Papageorgiou  Christos Arvanitidis  Anastasios Eleftheriou 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,70(4):643

The aim of this paper is to study the macrofaunal community dynamics and the biological–environmental interactions in the mid- and sublittoral ecosystems of the microtidal Mediterranean sandy shores. Four sandy beaches, three on the island of Crete and one on the northwest coast of Italy were selected to investigate the spatial and temporal changes in the community structure and the associated environmental variables. The littoral zone, which has not been adequately studied in the Eastern Mediterranean, presents special interest not only from the scientific point of view but also for practical reasons of ecological management. The multivariate techniques revealed that the community pattern of the sandy beach macrofauna is mainly spatial rather than temporal. There are pronounced differences in species composition and abundance of the macrofaunal assemblages of the mid- and sublittoral zone. The multicausal environmental severity hypothesis appears to be valid for the sandy beach macrofaunal communities of the Mediterranean. The abundance and composition of the macrofaunal assemblages are highly variable and are affected by the synergistic effects of many environmental variables. The polychaete taxonomic assemblage structure closely follows the macrofaunal community pattern. Differences between the two patterns may arise from the different responses that polychaetes may show to the environmental stress.  相似文献