Cognitive and Affective Predictors of Illinois Residents’ Perceived Risks from Gray Wolves     

Adam C. Landon  Maarten H. Jacobs  Craig A. Miller  Jerry J. Vaske  Brent D. Williams 《社会与自然资源》2020,33(5):574-593

Abstract

Increasing wolf populations are a concern for wildlife managers in the Midwestern U.S. Understanding the psychological mechanisms that contribute to public perceptions of risk will enable development of strategies that seek to mitigate these risks, and suggest where outreach efforts may facilitate acceptance of wolves. We examined the psychological factors that influence Illinois residents’ perceived risks from wolves. We hypothesized that individuals’ perceived risks from wolves were a function of their attitudes toward wolves, negative affect toward wolves, and basic beliefs about wildlife. Data were obtained from a survey of the Illinois public (n?=?784). Negative affect and attitudes toward wolves were direct predictors of perceived risks. Basic beliefs predicted attitudes and negative affect toward wolves. Negative affect predicted attitudes. Basic beliefs had direct and indirect effects on perceived risks.  相似文献   

Evaluating the effects of catch-and-release angling on Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi in a South African estuary     

NK Arkert  A-R Childs  MC Parkinson  AC Winkler  E Butler  S Mannheim 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):235-244

Fisheries managers are increasingly promoting catch-and-release (C&R) to manage recreationally angled fish stocks. Despite this, there is a scarcity of information on the effects of C&R on estuarine-dependent species. Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi dominates the recreational fisheries catch and provides an important source of food for subsistence fishers in some temperate South African estuaries. The health and survival of R. holubi exposed to a C&R event was investigated by examining their physiological stress response (blood glucose and lactate), reflex impairment (reflex action mortality predictors [RAMP]) and short-term (12-hour) survival. Fish were captured and exposed to one of three air-exposure treatments: 0 s, 30 s or 90 s. Stress and health were measured either immediately (immediate) or one hour after (delayed) the C&R event. There was no significant difference in blood glucose between air-exposure treatments, but there was a significant difference between the mean immediate and delayed glucose levels within each treatment (F_(2,143) = 81.8, p < 0.01). In contrast, blood lactate level was significantly higher in the 90-s treatment (p < 0.05). Immediate blood lactate levels were significantly lower than the delayed samples for each treatment (F = 4.29, p = 0.02; n = 169). Although all fish exhibited at least one reflex impairment, the RAMP score was significantly higher in the 90-s air-exposure treatment (H_(2,86) = 9.73, p = 0.007). Also, RAMP scores were significantly lower in the delayed samples (p < 0.01). Although short-term mortality was relatively low (2.3%) for this species, it was highest in the 90-s treatment (7%). These results suggest that physiological stress is higher when R. holubi are exposed to longer periods of air exposure and that the physiological stress of fish subject to a C&R event is best measured after a delay.  相似文献   

距离欲对旅游者目的地选择影响的解释框架     

曹晶晶  章锦河  王昶  孙晋坤  陈敏 《地理学报》2020,75(4):860-877

距离是影响人类各种空间行为的重要因素,也是探索旅游者行为规律的重要变量。然而,现有的旅游者目的地决策模型多将其作为约束条件处理,充分讨论了距离的阻力机制,却忽视了对其引力机制的探索,也因此导致了理论与营销实践层面的不足。本文提出“距离欲”来表述距离的引力作用,基于其审美情感基本属性,将其细分为认知维度、情感维度和旅游动机维度3个维度;根据旅游者旅游审美需求特点,从现代性审美视角切入,将其细分为游戏的距离欲、时尚的距离欲、冒险的距离欲3个层次,并进行了理论阐述。研究进一步指出,距离欲是旅游者对距离意义的解读,距离欲概念的提出为旅游者外出旅游的动机提供了新的解释,旅游者对诗意“远方”的追求,是旅游者基本的审美需求,也是人类超越自我的本质追求,还是高速发展的流动性社会中个体抵御异化的审美救赎。距离欲同时为我们进一步认识旅游的本质提供了新的解读视角,旅游活动带来的距离的审美体验能够参与建构和重塑旅游者的心理结构,在帮助旅游者更好的重返现实世界的同时,还积极的促进旅游者以和谐、宽容、独立的美学境界来重塑现实世界。本文从距离视角切入,进一步证实了旅游活动在旅游者个体、群体乃至全人类生存品质提升过程中所发挥的积极作用。通过对距离欲与其他行为变量的关系的进一步梳理,最终形成了距离与旅游者目的地选择的基本解释框架。对距离欲的深入探索能够为全球化的流动时代下旅游者外出旅游动机分析提供新解释,为旅游本质的解读提供新线索,具有一定的理论意义;同时为进一步提升旅游者目的地选择模型的解释力与预测力提供了可能性,为目的地营销机构针对感知距离的精准营销战略的制定提供新思路,具有一定的实践意义。  相似文献   

乡村生产空间系统演化的逻辑认知及数理表达   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王成  龙卓奇 《地理科学》2020,40(4):535-543

乡村生产空间系统健康有序运行是实施乡村振兴、营建人与自然和谐共生的物质基础和载体,精准控制系统由低级有序向高级有序发展是关键。综合社会学、哲学、系统学和地理学等多学科理论,建构乡村生产空间系统演化的逻辑认知概念模型,对其演化的逻辑起点（人地关系）、逻辑顺序（时间、空间和流三维分析）以及流驱动机理进行质性研究,探寻乡村生产空间系统演化的内在本质;借鉴耗散结构理论和熵变理论,构建乡村生产空间系统演化熵变模型并作出相关释义,为研究人地关系系统演化提供思路,以丰富和拓展乡村地理学的理论。  相似文献   

浅析个性化地图     

赵斯航  徐杨杨 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(10):41-44

近来,个性化地图以其独特的形式语言和丰富的人文内涵受到越来越多用户的喜爱和认可,也有越来越多的人参与到个性化地图的设计中。由此,通过对个性化地图发展现状的总结,以及对个性化地图概念、特点和分类的梳理,可为今后个性化地图的设计和研究提供一些参考与帮助。  相似文献   

Context-aware abstraction and generalization of street networks: two cognitively engineered user-oriented approaches using network Voronoi diagrams     

Mahdi Rahimi  Mohammad Reza Malek 《国际地球制图》2015,30(5):560-579

Generalization and spatial contextual awareness are prevalent concepts in geographic information systems. This study adopted a context-dependent user-centred network generalization method to create a sub-network for optimal route finding. The results show an increase in the number of preferred traversed edges. A route presentation approach is suggested that is based on cognitively engineered user-oriented abstraction of street network. Successive abstractions hierarchize the street network to create a hierarchical presentation structure. The route is projected onto one level in the structure. Then, instead of showing the exact route, the network Voronoi regions represented by the projected route are shown. Experience indicates that the suggested method is an efficient way of route presentation for a hierarchical regionalized structure of a human cognitive map.  相似文献   

不同风格旅游网络地图点状符号有效性眼动实验研究     

林勇  邓毅博  赖小云  周国众 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(2):58-62

地图新显示载体的出现,要求制图者不能继续沿用纸质地图符号的设计原则进行符号设计.以旅游网络地图点状符号设计为例,在对单个点状符号进行认知实验的基础上,将符号成图可视化显示,应用眼动跟踪技术,采用统计学的样本标准偏差方法分析被试者阅读地图的眼动数据分布状态,从易学性、地图信息易获取性、易记性等三个指标评估点状符号的有效性,从而得到点状符号设计改进原则,为旅游网络地图设计提供了参考依据.  相似文献   

网络电子地图认知研究     

杨海鹏  郭建忠  杨泽锋 《测绘工程》2011,20(6):9-11,15

随着计算机网络技术的快速发展,网络电子地图成为地图的网络化产品,与传统的纸质地图相比有其更为明显的特点和优势,同时也拓展了电子地图认知的研究领域.介绍网络电子地图的概念和特点,阐明网络电子地图空间认知的必要性,对网络电子地图空间认知所涉及的内容进行分析,并在此基础上提出网络电子地图的设计原则.  相似文献   

Investigation on performance of all optical buffer with large dynamical delay time based on cascaded double loop optical buffers     

王拥军  吴重庆  忻向军  余贶琭  张晓磊 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

Optical buffers are critical for optical signal processing in future optical packet-switched networks. In this paper, a theoretical study as well as an experimental demonstration on a new optical buffer with large dynamical delay time is carried out based on cascaded double loop optical buffers (DLOBs). It is found that pulse distortion can be restrained by a negative optical control mode when the optical packet is in the loop. Noise analysis indicates that it is feasible to realise a large variable delay range by cascaded DLOBs. These conclusions are validated by the experiment system with 4-stage cascaded DLOBs. Both the theoretical simulations and the experimental results indicate that a large delay range of 1--9999 times the basic delay unit and a fine granularity of 25 ns can be achieved by the cascaded DLOBs. The performance of the cascaded DLOBs is suitable for the all optical networks.  相似文献   

自然灾害遗址型黑色旅游地参观者动机研究——以汶川地震北川遗址公园为例     

陈星  张捷  卢韶婧  张宏磊  颜丙金  年四锋 《地理科学进展》2014,33(7):979-989

黑色旅游是当前国内外研究的热点之一,黑色旅游开发是自然灾害发生地灾后恢复的一种重要方式。以往研究较多关注战争与事件型黑色旅游地,对自然灾害遗址型旅游地的研究较少。本文以汶川地震北川遗址公园为案例,构建了参观者动机测量量表;通过因子分析得到了教育与纪念动机、社交与亲情动机、感受与见证动机、认同与求新动机和好奇心动机五大类参观者动机类型。为分析和比较不同来源地参观者动机的特征,探究事件关注度和认知欲望对不同类型动机的影响程度差异,分别以全体参观者和四川参观者为样本构建了结构方程模型。结果显示:全体参观者模型中,事件关注度对教育与纪念、社交与亲情等动机影响较大,而对好奇心动机影响较小;认知欲望对教育与纪念、感受与见证以及好奇心等动机影响较大,而对认同和求新动机影响较小。在四川参观者模型中,参观者对汶川事件的关注度不能激发感受与见证动机,认知欲望对社交与亲情动机的影响也不显著,而对于汶川地震地区的认同感和集体认同感较强。  相似文献