公路隧道通风竖井岩爆机制颗粒流模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐士良  朱合华 《岩土力学》2011,32(3):885-890

根据工程地质资料分析,岩爆是秦岭公路隧道2号通风竖井施工过程中的主要难题。岩爆机制是指岩爆发生的物理过程,与岩石的颗粒大小、颗粒胶结和粒间孔隙等结构特征密切相关。根据颗粒流基本理论和竖井混合片麻岩的基本力学特性,进行混合片麻岩细观颗粒参数标定研究。颗粒大小不是一个自由参数,通过颗粒流模拟的相似比分析,采用强度折减方法进行竖井岩爆机制的颗粒流模拟。研究表明,岩爆孕育的细观机制为平行于开挖面的微裂纹萌生—微裂纹扩展、聚合—宏观裂纹的形成,为压致张剪断裂破坏,主要是由张拉裂纹扩展、聚合引起的,是一个渐近破坏过程。研究成果为竖井岩爆稳定性分析提供初步依据。  相似文献   

葡萄山公路隧道通风机房洞室群施工力学分析          下载免费PDF全文

丁葆琛  靳晓光  罗亮  贺喜 《水文地质工程地质》2010,37(2):65-69

在长大隧道施工过程中,通风机房洞室群的施工是整个隧道施工过程的关键。本文借助ANSYS通用软件,结合葡萄山特长公路隧道通风机房洞室群开挖施工过程,建立了基于D-P准则的非线性三维有限元分析模型,对通风机房洞室群在施工过程中围岩的稳定性进行了研究。以应力和位移变化最为明显的送风通道轴线剖切模型所得到的断面为例,分析了施工步的变化及各支洞的开挖对主隧道位移、应力和塑形区的影响,并与隧道监控量测资料进行了对比分析,得到了计算位移与监测资料比较一致的结论,为隧道通风机房洞室群优化设计和安全施工提供了依据。  相似文献   

Experimental analysis on the risk of vortex ventilation and the free surface ventilation of marine propellers     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The paper presents a discussion of the ventilation inception and air drawing prediction of ships propellers, aiming to predict under what conditions ventilation will happen, and the actual physical mechanism of the ventilation.Three different types of ventilation inception mechanisms are included in our discussion: free surface vortex ventilation, ventilation by sucking down the free surface without forming a vortex as well as ventilation by propeller coming out of the water. Ventilation prediction is based on a series of model tests, where the propeller is tested in different levels of intermittent ventilation. The use of underwater video gives a visual understanding of the ventilation phenomena.Ventilation by vortex formation has analogies with other phenomena, such as the inlet vortex in pump sumps, ground vortex at the inlet of the aircraft engines and the Propeller Hull Vortex Cavitation (PHVC). The paper includes comparison between Propeller Hull Vortex Cavitation (PHVC) and Propeller Free Surface Vortex Ventilation (PFSVV) as well as comparison between PFSVV and vortex formations of aero engines during high power operation near a solid surface.Experimental data based on several different model tests shows the boundary between the vortex forming, non-vortex forming and free surface ventilation flow regimes. For comparison the following parameters, which determined the intensity of the hydrodynamic interaction between the propeller and free surface have been used: propeller load coefficient c_T, tip clearance ratio c/D, propeller submergence ratio h/R, ambient velocity V_i and flow cavitation/ventilation number σ_cav/σ_vent.  相似文献   

秦岭公路隧道通风竖井岩爆预测和防治措施   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

徐士良  朱合华  丁文其  刘宝许 《岩土力学》2009,30(6):1759-1763

秦岭公路隧道2号通风竖井，为国内乃至世界公路隧道规模最大的竖井工程。根据工程地质资料分析，岩爆是该竖井施工过程中的主要难题。为了从岩性角度评价竖井围岩的岩爆倾向性，开展了室内岩石单轴压缩变形试验和物理模型试验，根据改进脆性指数指标和模型试验的结果，表明竖井围岩有岩爆倾向性，必须加强岩爆预测和防治。根据水压致裂法的地应力测试结果和地应力分布特点，采用三维有限元回归分析反演了竖井工程区域的初始应力场。根据竖井围岩地应力场和Kirsch解得到的围岩二次应力场，结合Russenes和陶振宇岩爆判据，进行了竖井岩爆综合预测和分析，得出竖井有轻微和中等岩爆发生的结论，并提出岩爆防治措施。  相似文献   

斜井送排式通风隧道的火灾救援通风研究     

曾艳华  何川 《地震学刊》2009,(2):219-223

公路隧道发生火灾开启横通道后，形成通风网络。本文以重庆地区吕家梁隧道为工程依托，进行了斜井前后不同位置发生火灾的通风网络模拟。结果表明，斜井前发生火灾时，受斜井浮力效应、风流密度变化等的影响，主风机的工作压力降低，而体积流量增加；当火灾发生在斜井前隧道时，采用斜井单抽方式可实现全部火灾烟流从竖井中排除，斜井前设射流风机增压调节、斜井后设射流风机增阻调节是一较好方案；对于斜井后发生火灾，采用全射流火灾通风和斜井压入两种通风方案均能满足火灾风流控制要求，虽然后者需要开启轴流风机，通风能耗大，但火灾通风的时效性要好于前者。  相似文献   

风管式气举反循环钻具及其在大口径钻井施工中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

程林  满国祥  朱立强  王慧岭  任立坤  王轲 《探矿工程》2014,41(3):44-47

目前大口径钻井施工中常用的泥浆正循环钻进存在着泥浆流速慢、携渣能力差、重复破碎严重、钻井效率低、钻头磨损快、能源消耗大、钻井事故发生率高等问题,气举反循环钻进工艺可有效解决上述问题。风管式气举反循环钻井工艺简单易实现,能有效减少重复破碎,钻进效率高,能源消耗少,钻头寿命长,成井质量好,对涌水和漏失均有很好的抑制作用。介绍了风管式气举反循环钻井工艺原理、专用钻具及其现场使用情况。  相似文献   

GYD-20型全液压动力头工程钻机的研制   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨付伟  鲁建军 《探矿工程》2014,41(11):34-36

针对传统工程钻机生产制造周期长、自动化程度低、劳动强度大、施工效率低等弊端,研制了GYD-20型全液压动力头工程钻机。介绍了该钻机的结构特点及其应用于大口径基础桩孔、煤矿通风孔钻进的情况和效果。  相似文献   

郑州市市区风环境模拟研究     

申鑫杰  赵芮  何瑞珍  王琦  郭煜琛 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(6):1349-1356

城市风环境是城市微气候研究的一个重要方向,对分析城市热岛效应、空气流通等具有重要意义。本文以郑州市市区为例,使用1971—2018年气象观测数据、2018年建筑分布数据（OSM）和2016年资源三号卫星数据作为数据源,通过运用气象学和GIS技术结合的方法,探究潜在通风廊道,科学量化城市形态对风环境的影响。研究首先借助WindNinja软件,对城市背景风环境进行模拟分析,该计算方法提高了风道定位的精度。然后利用卫星遥感数据制作了数字高程模型（DSM）,结合OSM计算下垫面地表粗糙度。进一步借助ArcGIS软件,利用最小成本路径法（LCP）确定城市潜在通风廊道的位置。结果表明：① 郑州市近年来平均风速缓慢下降,平均每10年下降0.26 m/s;全年主导风向东北风进入城市后受城市形态影响在京广铁路线附近以西逐渐转为东北偏东风,其中在京广快速路以东风速较高,在京广快速路以西风速较低;② 金水区西部、中原区、二七区以及管城区的地表粗糙度较高,通风环境较差;金水区东部和惠济区的地表粗糙度较低,通风环境较好;③根据盛行风向模拟的潜在通风廊道,其共同特点是趋向于低粗糙度的地区。  相似文献   

Radon reduction in homes constructed on saprolite in the Central Appalachians     

D. G. Mose  G. W. Mushrush  J. E. Slone 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(3-4):252-256

 A 3-year study of indoor radon in more than 1000 homes in northern Virginia and southern Maryland was conducted using 3-month exposure alpha-track monitors. In a study set of 200 homes, first-floor indoor radon concentrations, which most closely approximates home exposure levels, averaged slightly more than 3 pCi/l. In a study set of 100 homes, sub-slab ventilation was used to reduce indoor radon concentrations. Interest in remediation was related to public perception of the hazardous nature of radon; people living in homes with indoor radon measurements of more than 4 pCi/l were more likely to participate in the remediation phase of the project. Sub-slab ventilation was successful in more than 90% of the homes in reducing indoor radon from concentrations as high as 30 pCi/ to less than 4 pCi/l, at least for the entire year of post-remediation radon measurements. Received: 29 February 1996 · Accepted: 29 May 1996  相似文献   

Deepwater Ventilation and Stratification in the Neogene South China Sea     

李前裕赵泉鸿  钟广法翦知湣 田军成鑫荣  汪品先陈木宏 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(2):95-108

Combined data of physical property, benthic foraminifera, and stable isotopes from ODP Sites 1148, 1146, and 1143 are used to discuss deep water evolution in the South China Sea (SCS) since the Early Miocene. The results indicate that 3 lithostratigraphic units, respectively corresponding to 21-17 Ma, 15-10 Ma, and 10-5 Ma with positive red parameter (a*) marking the red brown sediment color represent 3 periods of deep water ventilation. The first 2 periods show a closer link to contemporary production of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and Northern Component Water (NCW), indicating a free connection of deep waters between the SCS and the open ocean before 10 Ma. After 10 Ma, red parameter dropped but stayed higher than the modern value (a*=0), the CaCO3 percentage difference between Site 1148 from a lower deepwater setting and Site 1146 from an upper deepwater setting enlarged significantly, and benthic species which prefer oxygen-rich bottom conditions dramatically decreased. Coupled with a major negative excursion of benthic δ13C at ~10 Ma, these parameters may denote a weakening in the control of the SCS deep water by the open ocean. Probably they mark the birth of a local deep water due to shallow waterways or rise of sill depths during the course of sea basin closing from south to east by the west-moving Philippine Arc after the end of SCS seafloor spreading at 16-15 Ma. However, it took another 5 Ma before the dissolved oxygen approached close to the modern level. Although the oxygen level continued to stabilize, several Pacific Bottom Water (PBW) and Pacific Deep Water (PDW) marker species rapidly increased since ~6 Ma, followed by a dramatic escalation in planktonic fragmentation which indicates high dissolution especially after ~5 Ma. The period of 5-3 Ma saw the strongest stratified deepwater in the then SCS, as indicated by up to 40% CaCO3 difference between Sites 1148 and 1146. Apart from a strengthening PDW as a result of global cooling and ice cap buildup on northern high latitudes, a deepening sea basin due to stronger subduction eastward may also have triggered the influx of more corrosive waters from the deep western Pacific. Since 3 Ma, the evolution of the SCS deep water entered a modern phase, as characterized by relative stable 10% CaCO3 difference between the two sites and increase in infaunal benthic species which prefer a low oxygenated environment. Thesubsequent reduction of PBW and PDW marker species at about 1.2 Ma and 0.9 Ma and another significant negative excursion of benthic δ13C to a Neogene minimum at ~0.9 Ma together convey a clear message that the PBW largely disappeared and the PDW considerably weakened in the Mid-Pleistocene SCS. Therefore, the true modern mode SCS deep water started to form only during the "Mid-Pleistocene climatic transition" probably due to the rise of sill depths under the Bashi Strait.  相似文献