AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF INTERGRANULAR PRESSURE SOLUTION OF PLAGIOCLASE GOUGE UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE: METHOD AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Shu  HE Chang-rong 《地震地质》2019,41(4):1012-1026

To understand the mechanism of lower-crust earthquake and slow slips, it is necessary to study the frictional properties of mafic rocks and their major rock-forming minerals. Previous studies have performed a series of experimental researches on gabbro, basalt and their major constituents. According to the results of previous experiments, frictional sliding of plagioclase under hydrothermal conditions(100~600℃)shows a property of velocity weakening, and the experimental results show that both the direct rate effect parameter(a)and the healing effect parameter(b)increase with temperature, a typical feature for thermally-activated processes. Velocity weakening means property of a shear band that has a stronger friction healing effect than the direct rate effect in the rate and state friction constitutive framework, and the healing effect(b value)in constitutive relation mainly reflects the increase in contact area with time under hydrothermal conditions, with some minor effect of structural changes. Since the microphysical mechanism of feldspar minerals at the contacts is mainly brittle cataclasis for temperatures below 600℃, the significant frictional healing effect in this case can only be explained by the mechanism of pressure solution. In order to determine if the dissolution process of plagioclase actually occurs on the laboratory time scale, we conducted hydrostatic experiments on plagioclase powder samples under hydrothermal conditions whereby frequent contact switch between particles seen in frictional sliding experiments can be avoided, making the observation on the dissolution sites possible. Experimental temperatures were 400℃ and 500℃, with confining pressure of 90~150MPa, pore pressure of 30MPa, with 2mm initial thickness of fault gouge. The mechanical data show that a creep process occurred in the plagioclase fault gouge in the experimental temperature and pressure range; and the microstructures of the experiment show that precipitation of new grains is prevalent as the product of pressure solution process between plagioclase particles. At the same time, it is observed that the contact points have an appearance similar to fused, fuzzy structure as signatures of dissolution. The results of our experiments provide a definite experimental evidence for the healing mechanism in friction of plagioclase and for the theoretical relation between unstable slip and the pressure solution process. The results of the experiments are summarized as follows: (1)Drainage rate of pore water in plagioclase gouge was high in the first few hours of experiment, but gradually decreases over time for both temperature and pressure series of experiments slowing down to a steady state. This feature indicates that there is a creep process that evolves inside the plagioclase gouge. In the temperature-series experiments, the drainage rate of the pore water in the plagioclase gouge at 400℃ is relatively low than the cases for higher temperatures. Thus, the applied temperature is positively correlated with the creep of plagioclase gouge. (2)Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observations of the experimentally deformed samples were performed on thin sections cut along the sample axis. Firstly, from the images of microstructure, it was found that the degree of particle fracture became more significant at a higher effective pressure, with smaller pore volume between particles. In the temperature-series experiments it was found that the degree of compaction of plagioclase gouge increased with increasing temperature. Precipitation of plagioclase grains in layered structures was generally observed in high-magnification images, indicating the presence of pressure solution processes. Contact points were also found to be in a state of ambiguity that seems to be a fused morphology, but the details of the structure remain to be determined by further observations. The above results indicate that the pressure solution process of plagioclase particles can occur on a typical laboratory time scale, and the results of this study provide robust experimental evidences for the theory that links between pressure solution and the mechanism of frictional healing and unstable slips for plagioclase.  相似文献   

烧伤病人应用CHIMEHERB人工皮的临床评价     

唐晓熹  许伟石 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(Z3)

本研究初步评价CHIMEHERB人工皮的治疗效果.74例,105个创面应用人工皮:供皮区47个创面,愈合时间平均为9±1.94d(天),油纱布对照为11.7±1.93d(P<0.01);14个浅Ⅱ°新鲜创面,70％在3～5d内逐渐干燥与创面紧密粘附,平均愈合时间为9.8±3.09d;11个存留上皮组织的削痂深Ⅱ°创面,平均5.7±1.7d干燥,平均愈合时间为10.55±3.09d,不需植自体皮;8个削痂刨面至脂肪组织或切痂创面4～9d更植自体皮,其存活率近乎100％,2个创面因残留坏死组织而失败;人工皮应用于16个自体皮间隙创面,除三个网状植皮和一个条状植皮创面失败外,所植自体皮都在人工皮下扩展融合,未观察到占位现象;对后期残余小创面有良好的效果.本研究结果提示人工皮对创面愈合具有有利影响.主要适用于供皮区、浅Ⅱ°新鲜创面、深Ⅱ°脱痂和削痂后存留上皮组织较多的创面、自体皮间隙创面和后期残余小创面,不适宜于深Ⅲ°新鲜创面.  相似文献   

CHIMEHERB人工皮使用的体会     

任永安  陈长安  刘英娥  陶谏 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(Z3)

从1989年4月～1990年10月,我科在69例病人中使用CHIMEHERB人工皮,覆盖治疗了供皮区,Ⅱ°烧伤创面、脱痂创面的残余肉芽创面.临床应用表明:CHIMEHERB人工皮能加快创面的愈合,是目前较好的一种创面覆盖物,用人工皮覆盖创面2～3天后,人工皮干燥,不需再换药,可减轻病人的痛苦.  相似文献   

Evolution of a deep-water lobe system in the Neogene trench-slope setting of the East Coast Basin,New Zealand: Lobe stratigraphy and architecture in a weakly confined basin configuration     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

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负压对四肢瘢痕切除创面成纤维细胞的生长环境影响     

袁宗  侯宏义  王耘川  胡大海 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(5):60-62,131

目的 探究持续封闭负压引流技术（VSD）对瘢痕切除创面成纤维细胞生长环境的影响。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月~2015年11月于笔者医院行植皮手术的四肢瘢痕切除术后患者60例,根据植皮手术前是否接受VSD治疗分为负压组（n=30）和包扎组（n=30）,负压组均于一期植皮前接受VSD治疗,包扎组未接受VSD治疗。回顾性分析对比两组患者并发症发生率、首次植皮存活率、创面感染率、住院时间之间的差异。并用TUNEL染色、CD34染色法对比瘢痕标本中成纤维细胞凋亡指数及血管生成情况。结果 负压组菌培养阳性率明显低于包扎组（P<0.05）,植皮存活率明显高于包扎组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率、住院时间、疼痛评分、随访VSS评分间比较,负压组均明显较低（P<0.05）。负压组成纤维细胞凋亡指数明显较低,微血管计数明显较高（P<0.05）。结论 负压封闭引流可以减轻瘢痕切除创面感染率,有效减轻炎性水肿,且可以通过改变局部血液循环微环境以及机械应力作用促进成纤维细胞增殖分裂,提高创面恢复效果。  相似文献   

Monitoring of fault healing after the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake     

Keiichi Tadokoro  Masataka Ando  Şerif Bariş  Kin'ya Nishigami  Mamoru Nakamura  S. Balamir Ücer  Akihiko Ito  Yoshimori Honkura  A. Mete Işikara 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(3):411-417

The North Anatolian fault zone that ruptured during the mainshock of theM 7.4 Kocaeli (Izmit) earthquake of 17 August 1999 has beenmonitored using S wave splitting, in order to test a hypothesisproposed by Tadokoro et al. (1999). This idea is based on the observationof the M 7.2 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake, Japan.After the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, a temporal change was detectedin the direction of faster shear wave polarization in 2–3 years after the mainshock (Tadokoro, 1999). Four seismic stations were installed within andnear the fault zone at Kizanlik where the fault offset was 1.5 m, about80 km to the east of the epicenter of the Kocaeli earthquake. Theobservation period was from August 30 to October 27, 1999. Preliminaryresult shows that the average directions of faster shear wave polarization attwo stations were roughly parallel to the fault strike. We expect that thedirection of faster shear wave polarization will change to the same directionas the regional tectonic stress reflecting fault healing process. We havealready carried out a repeated aftershock observation at the same site in2000 for monitoring the fault healing process.  相似文献   

松辽盆地南部红岗油田青山口组砂岩中片钠铝石的形成温度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于志超  刘立  曲希玉  杨会东  邵明礼 《沉积学报》2011,29(2):293-302

主要以松辽盆地南部红岗油田富含片钠铝石砂岩的红143和红146井为研究对象,通过普通薄片鉴定、茜素红-S染色、扫描电镜、能谱分析、显微测温等分析方法,对研究区含片钠铝石砂岩的成岩共生序列,尤其是流体包裹体均一温度进行了详细的研究.红岗油田成岩共生序列为:黏土矿物→石英次生加大边→方解石→片钠铝石→铁白云石→石英愈合微裂...  相似文献   

缢蛏多巴胺受体基因及其在损伤修复中的作用     

杜蕴超  谢淑媚  何圣耀  牛东红  李家乐 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(3):45-54

多巴胺受体(dopamine receptor)作为生物体中重要的神经递质受体, 在生物体的生长、发育、代谢等多个生理过程中都发挥着重要的功能。本研究从缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta转录组文库中筛选获得多巴胺受体基因的部分片段, 结合RACE(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术和降落 PCR(polymerase chain reaction)技术, 克隆得到缢蛏两个多巴胺受体的选择性多聚腺苷酸化(alternative polyadenylation, APA)的变异体, 命名为ScDopR2a和 ScDopR2b, 长度分别为1824bp和2758bp。两个变异体均包含相同的5′非翻译区(untranslated regions, UTR)(24bp)和开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF)(1440bp), 共编码479个氨基酸残基。但是两个变异体的3′UTR 长度不同, 分别为360bp和1294bp, 其中ScDopR2b在polyA尾前插入936bp。在同源的ORF区设计引物, 采用实时定量PCR分析多巴胺受体基因在不同组织中的表达特征, 结果表明多巴胺受体基因在水管、鳃、斧足的表达量显著高于其他组织。在该基因序列3′UTR插入片段区域设计特异引物检测ScDopR2b的组织表达情况, 结果表明在水管、鳃、斧足的表达量仍高于其他组织, 表达趋势与ORF区大致相同。进一步设计缢蛏组织损伤实验, 对进水管前端进行损伤处理, 在处理后的第4h、8h、12h、24h、48h、60h和72h取样, 荧光定量检测结果显示, 同源区表达量在12h和48h呈上调, 在8h、24h和72h下调, 且ScDopR2b表达趋势与同源区表达模式大致相同。研究结果表明, 缢蛏多巴胺受体参与了损伤修复过程, 其表达特征可能与多巴胺作为补偿性神经递质的作用有关。  相似文献   

A Review of “Breathing Space: How Allergies Shape Our Lives and Landscapes”     

Kathi Wilson 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):133-134

This paper expands the human capital model to compare the migration propensities of Cubans, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans within the U.S. between 1985 and 1990. Using the 5% PUMS from the 1990 U.S. Census, both aggregate migration streams and micro-level migration propensities are estimated for Cubans, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans. The effects of personal factors, the economic environment, and the presence of fellow nationals are examined in the context of larger geographic patterns, and discussed in terms of each nationality's immigration history and cultural context.

While many factors effect migration behavior similarly, there are notable differences in the way education, English fluency, and unemployment rate affect migration propensity of the native-born and foreign-born of each nationality. Differences are also apparent at the macro-level. Puerto Ricans show signs of dispersing out of New York; Mexicans are redistributing within the Southwest; and Cubans are re-concentrating in Florida. Both levels of analysis point to how immigration history, settlement patterns, and cultural context influence migration behavior. The results demonstrate the benefits of using an expanded human capital approach to explain migration differences, and highlight the diversity of population redistribution occurring within Hispanic nationalities.  相似文献   

盐岩损伤自愈合特性研究综述     

康燕飞  陈结  姜德义  刘伟  范金洋 《岩土力学》2019,40(1):55-69

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