城市内涝灾害受灾人口评估方法与实证研究：以哈尔滨市道里区为例     

陈鹏  赵洪阳  张继权  张硕  鲍建华  刘晓静 《地理科学》2020,40(1):158-164

城市内涝灾害频发,对居民生命安全造成严重威胁,为提高城市内涝灾害受灾人口评估精度,提出一种更为精确的受灾人口评估方法。以哈尔滨市道里区为研究区,以城市内涝灾害受灾人口为研究对象,运用一、二维非恒定流为主控方程,构建城市内涝数值模拟模型,并结合受灾人口分布特点,综合构建基于土地利用的人口随时间变化的计算模型。实现在模拟内涝灾害影响范围基础上,利用受灾人口计算模型提取白天与夜晚受灾人口分布情况。结果表明：研究区在百年一遇降雨情景下,有25条街道会发生不同程度积水,积水深度范围值为0.10~1.42 m;此级别内涝灾害在白天11条街道受灾人口数量最大值达到3 500人,夜晚10条街道受灾人口数量最大值为720人。  相似文献   

贵州夜郎湖表层水体地球化学昼夜变化及其影响因素     

王家录  任娟  王勇  李维杰  娄昭  陈佳 《热带地理》2020,40(2):335-345

为探究岩溶水库水文地球化学行为过程,对贵州普定夜郎湖表层水体进行了为期3 d的高分辨率昼夜监测。结果表明：1）多变的天气和水文条件叠加导致水体离子指标昼夜变化不显著,规律性较差。而水温、DO、pH值、SpC、SIc、pCO₂等常规理化指标受水温变化和生物作用表现出明显的昼夜波动。2）利用亨利常数和主成分分析,得到温度变化、生物作用、人类活动、水库的蓄水与放水对夜郎湖水库水文地球化学特征变化的贡献率分别为21.66%、17.28%、14.08%和10.22%,说明作用于水库水文地球化学行为的因子具有多元性。3）δ ¹⁸O表现出与DO一致的波动趋势,即白天上升,晚上下降,反映在短时间尺度上,氢氧稳定同位素变化受控于生物过程（主要是呼吸作用过程）;而对比水库水体和大气降水的d-excess（d值）发现,水库水体的d值（8.21‰）显著偏低于当地大气降水的d值（9.64‰）,说明在长时间尺度上,主要受蒸发效应引起的不平衡分馏影响。  相似文献   

Analysis of Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Mining-Induced Fracture Field: A Case Study Using Image Processing in the Shaqu Coal Mine,China     

Cheng  Zhiheng  Liu  Biao  Zou  Quanle  Wang  Xin  Feng  Jicheng  Zhao  Zhiyan  Sun  Fulong 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):1601-1615

Natural Resources Research - Mining-induced fracture plays a key role in gas drainage for gas burst-prone underground coal mines, especially for closely multilayered coal seams. The layout and...  相似文献   

Fast genetic mapping in barley: case studies of cuticle mutants using RNA-sequencing     

XiaoFeng Li  Chao Li  Qin Zhou  GuoXiong Chen  PengShan Zhao 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(3):180-188

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the earliest domesticated crop species and ranked as the fourth largest cereal production worldwide. Forward genetic studies in barley have greatly advanced plant genetics during the last century; however, most genes are identified by the conventional mapping method. Array genotyping and exome-capture sequencing have also been successfully used to target the causal mutation in barley populations, but these techniques are not widely adopted because of associated costs and partly due to the huge genome size of barley. This review summarizes three mapping cases of barley cuticle mutants in our laboratory with the help of RNA-sequencing. The causal mutations have been successfully identified for two of them and the target genes are located in the pericentromeric regions. Detailed information on the mapping-by-sequencing, mapping-and-sequencing, and RNA-sequencing assisted linkage mapping are presented and some limitations and challenges on the mapping assisted by RNA sequencing are also discussed. The alternative and elegant methods presented in this review may greatly accelerate forward genetics of barley mapping, especially for laboratories without large funding.  相似文献   

Ground roll attenuation based on an empirical curvelet transform     

Huan Yuan  Zi-Duo Hu  Zhao Liu  Jian-Wei Ma 《应用地球物理》2018,15(1):111-117

In the field of seismic exploration, ground roll seriously affects the deep effective reflections from subsurface deep structures. Traditional curvelet transform cannot provide an adaptive basis function to achieve a suboptimal denoised result. In this paper, we propose a method based on empirical curvelet transform (ECT) for ground roll attenuation. Unlike the traditional curvelet transform, this method not only decomposes seismic data into multiscale and multi-directional components, but also provides an adaptive filter bank according to frequency content of seismic data itself. So, ground roll can be separated by using this method. However, as the frequency of reflection and ground roll components are close, we apply singular value decomposition (SVD) in the curvelet domain to differentiate the ground roll and reflection better. Examples of synthetic and field seismic data reveal that the proposed method based ECT performs better than the traditional curvelet method in terms of the suppression of ground roll.  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带(安徽段)对地表水系空间分布形态的影响研究     

钱家忠  卫佳佳  姜琼  郑勇  赵卫东 《地质科学》2019,54(2):398-410

为了研究郯庐断裂带（安徽段）构造活动对其周边地表水系形态及其发育特征的影响，本文基于DEM数据，利用GIS空间分析功能并结合郯庐断裂带构造运动特征，对郯庐断裂带（安徽段）周边水系的几何分布特征进行研究。研究表明：郯庐断裂带（安徽段）在不同地质历史时期对区内地表水系产生错动影响。受郯庐断裂三叠纪到白垩纪期间左旋走滑运动影响，两条二级水系在大别山区自西北向东南流经郯庐主干断裂及次级断裂时与断裂呈近似直角相交并发生左旋错动。大别山地区的皖河流域与华阳河流域水系受郯庐断裂第四纪以来逆右行平移运动影响流向由东南向同步大幅度拐向南西，表现为右旋扭错；巢湖流域水系受五河—合肥断裂和石门山断裂影响也出现了右旋位错。此外，受郯庐断裂带构造运动形成的合肥盆地和地堑式嘉山盆地的影响，池河的主河道沿合肥盆地东侧的沉降带和石门山断裂与嘉庐断裂之间的嘉山盆地发育。  相似文献   

南黄海海相油气勘探前景探讨与问题分析     

吴志强  张训华  赵维娜  祁江豪  蔡来星 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(1):26-38

南黄海海域的中、古生代海相油气前景广阔，是重要的油气战略接替基地。由于多期构造运动的改造作用，原型盆地遭受强烈破坏，地质构造复杂，地球物理勘探精度低，造成对地层与构造认识不清，油气分布规律不明。针对勘探中面临的主要问题，提出的主要对策是：重点开展地球物理勘探技术创新研究与攻关试验工作，提高方法技术的适用性与有效性；在大地构造理论的指导下，重点开展多期构造活动背景下有效烃源岩、储层、保存条件等因素的研究工作，对区域油气地质条件优越且地层、岩性等特征存在争议的局部构造实施科学钻探等。  相似文献   

Experiment on Coordinated Observation of Offshore Typhoon in China     

Xiaotu Lei  Xuefen Zhang  Wansuo Duan  Hong Li  Zhiqiu Gao  Chuanhai Qian  Bingke Zhao  Jie Tang 《地球科学进展》2019,34(7):671-678

The lack of sufficient direct observation data of typhoon fine structure is the main bottleneck that restricts the further development of typhoon discipline and forecasting. This paper briefly introduced the basic information of the National Key R&D Program of China, entitled “Experiment on Coordinated Observation of Offshore Typhoon in China”, which started in early 2019. Firstly, the importance and necessity of the program around the national needs on typhoon-related disaster reduction and prevention were explained. Then, the coordinated observation difficulties and frontiers in the current typhoon discipline situation from the development and improvement of the physical mechanism and key forecasting technologies were shown. The overview of the direct observation instrument and platform, the field campaign and the parameterization techniques related to physical process in typhoon numerical modeling was provided. Finally, the key scientific and technical issues and main research contents of the program were given.  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation of Transportation of Marine Microplastics A Review     

Chen Zhang  Qing Wang  Jianmin Zhao 《地球科学进展》2019,34(1):72-83

The temporal and spatial discontinuity of microplastic sampling data restricts the investigation on their source, sink, transport pathway and trend. Numerical simulation combined with sampling investigation can comprehensively study the effects of microplastic characteristics, meteorology and hydrodynamics on the distribution and transportation of microplastics. In this paper, the studies of microplastic numerical simulation were reviewed from the aspects of numerical simulating research and their applications in microplastic tranportation, and the results were summarized as follows: The construction of the main driving force (current); the influence of environmental factors, such as wind, waves, topography and extreme sea conditions on the properties of microplastics with different characteristics (particle size, density, shape) and their tranportation; the application of numerical simulation in the study of microplastic removal. Based on progress on the study of numerical simulation of marine microplastics, the future directions were pointed out that the further simulating studies should focuson the spatio-temporal distribution and evolvement of microplastics by combining sampling data and numerical model, the simulating research on the relationship between microplastic parameters (roughness, wind drag coefficient, settling rate, resuspension rate and biofouling rate) and (meteorological and ocean) dynamic condition. Moreover, the results of simulating sensitivity experiments should be compared with sampling and laboratory testing data to improve the empirical parameters and formulas of numerical model.  相似文献   

多元素衬值累加地球化学方法在找矿中的应用——以青海省夏日哈-什多龙远景区为例     

赵志飞 《地质与勘探》2020,56(2):328-336

青海省夏日哈-什多龙成矿远景区位于青藏高原东昆仑东段,西起都兰县夏日哈镇,东至兴海县什多龙一带,跨祁漫塔格北坡-夏日哈岩浆弧和北昆仑岩浆弧,是青海省重要的成矿区。为了在该区寻找新的成矿有利地段,本文在对该区区域地质背景、矿产特征及区内典型矿床地质特征系统研究的基础上,利用多元素衬值累加地球化学找矿方法,在区域上优选出一批找矿靶区。多元素衬值累加地球化学找矿方法首先收集远景区1∶5万水系沉积物测量成果,经过数据处理,绘制远景区衬值累计地球化学图,进而建立典型矿床找矿模式,最终通过对比分析,选出新的找矿靶区。对圈定的找矿靶区进行野外踏勘检查,均发现不同程度的矿化线索,为今后在该区进一步找矿起到了很好的指导作用。通过本次工作,发现了该方法在靶区圈定方面的优势:(1)可快速圈定异常,提高工作效率;(2)编制的地球化学图浓集中心更显著;(3)圈定的找矿靶区找矿成果显著,尤其针对陆相火山岩型多金属矿、斑岩型铜钼矿、矽卡岩型多金属矿找矿成果突出;(4)能直观反映背景变化趋势,有助于评价异常。  相似文献