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This paper assesses the various factors contributing to climate change in the region of the Kashafroud G-WADI Basin in Iran; quantifies
the local impacts of climate change, especially local water scarcity; and simulates and discusses several proposed methods to
combat these impacts. Hydrologic and climatic data are statistically analyzed and VENSIM modeling is used for various simulations
of water resources in the basin. Results show that the natural climate changes affecting Kashafroud Basin include increased temperature,
less rainfall, more frequent droughts, and changes in rainfall patterns, all of which are local symptoms of climate change in recent
years. However, the most important challenge in the basin is the overexploitation of surface and groundwater resources to meet the
growing water demands, especially domestic needs. Changes in land use, reallocation of water uses, groundwater depletion, and degradation
of the quality of surface waters have all contributed to significant changes in the environmental features of this basin, and are
the main reason why water demands now exceed the renewal capacity of the basin. Proposed response measures include reallocation
of resources among different uses, inter-basin water transfers, drawing water from six small dams on the Kashafroud River, reducing
groundwater extraction, and replacing groundwater extraction for agriculture by reuse of urban wastewater. This study concludes that
although changes in global climatic parameters have altered environmental features in the basin, local factors, such as water utilization
beyond the renewable capacity of the basin, are more significant in worsening the impacts of climate change. 相似文献
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In this article, we develop a model for explaining spatial patterns in the distribution of households across metropolitan regions in the United States. First, we use housing consumption and residential mobility theories to construct a hypothetical probability distribution function for the consumption of housing services across three phases of household life span. We then hypothesize a second probability distribution function for the offering of housing services based on the distance from city center(s) at the metropolitan scale. Intersecting the two hypothetical probability functions, we develop a phase-based model for the distribution of households in US metropolitan regions. We argue that phase one households (young adults) are more likely to reside in central city locations, whereas phase two and three households are more likely to select suburban locations, due to their respective housing consumption behaviors. We provide empirical validation of our theoretical model with the data from the 2010 US Census for 35 large metropolitan regions. 相似文献
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Fattahi Nafchi Rohallah Raeisi Vanani Hamid Noori Pashaee Kobra Samadi Brojeni Hosein Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):1495-1505
Natural Hazards - One of the aquatic structures that are used for protect water channels against bed erosion is serial step-pool. These steps similarity of the vertical drops structure are exposed... 相似文献
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