Regional soil organic carbon prediction model based on a discrete wavelet analysis of hyperspectral satellite data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Most studies have the achieved rapid and accurate determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) using laboratory spectroscopy; however, it remains difficult to map the spatial distribution of SOC. To predict and map SOC at a regional scale, we obtained fourteen hyperspectral images from the Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite and decomposed and reconstructed the original reflectance (OR) and the first derivative reflectance (FDR) using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) at different scales. At these different scales, as inputs, we selected the 3 optimal bands with the highest weight coefficient using principal component analysis and chose the normalized difference index (NDI), ratio index (RI) and difference index (DI) with the strongest correlation with the SOC content using a contour map method. These inputs were then used to build regional-scale SOC prediction models using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithms. The results indicated that: 1) at a low decomposition scale, DWT can effectively eliminate the noise in satellite hyperspectral data, and the FDR combined with DWT can improve the SOC prediction accuracy significantly; 2) the method of selecting inputs using principal component analysis and a contour map can eliminate the redundancy of hyperspectral data while retaining the physical meaning of the inputs. For the model with the highest prediction accuracy, the inputs were all derived from the wavelength range of SOC variations; 3) the differences in prediction accuracy among the different prediction models are small; and 4) the SOC prediction accuracy using hyperspectral satellite data is greatly improved compared with that of previous SOC prediction studies using multispectral satellite data. This study provides a highly robust and accurate method for predicting and mapping regional SOC contents.  相似文献   

地方政府土地出让干预对区域工业碳排放影响的对比分析——以中国8大经济区为例     

王博  吴天航  冯淑怡 《地理科学进展》2020,39(9):1436-1446

探讨不同区域地方政府干预对碳排放的影响差异,对于中国推进碳减排战略、协调区域经济社会发展具有重要意义。鉴于此,论文基于地方政府土地出让的视阈,以中国8大经济区为研究对象,有机耦合STIRPAT模型与CKC模型,构建形成STIRPAT拓展模型,并使用2007—2016年中国28个省(市、自治区)的工业面板数据,对比考察8大经济区政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响差异。结果表明:不同经济区的地方政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响存在显著差异。其中,同为CKC“倒N”型的北部沿海、南部沿海、长江中游经济区,其政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响呈现出北部沿海经济区为负、南部沿海经济区为正、长江中游经济区无显著影响的差异效果;同为CKC“倒U”型的东北、西南和西北经济区,其政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响,东北和西南经济区都显著为负,西北经济区未表现出显著影响;同为CKC“U”型的东部沿海和黄河中游经济区,其政府土地出让干预对碳排放也呈现出前者为负、后者为正的相反影响。研究结果可为制定碳减排差别化政策、协调区域可持续发展提供参考。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地盐湖区土壤黑碳分布及土气交换特性          下载免费PDF全文

武君  闵秀云  高春亮  李雷明 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1):1-10

深入探讨了柴达木盆地盐湖区土壤黑碳分布及土气交换特征。研究结果显示,研究区土壤总黑碳含量范围为0.50～6.79 g/kg,平均值达到1.64 g/kg;土壤烟炱组分黑碳含量范围为0.50～4.75 g/kg,平均值达到1.144 g/kg;气溶胶黑碳含量范围为0.34～4.92μg/m~3,平均值达到0.98μg/m~3。柴达木盆地盐湖区盐湖资源的大量开采和工业化生产等可能造成该地区黑碳大量排放。盐湖区土壤黑碳稳定碳同位素值(δ~(13)C_(BC))在-25.33‰～-23.46‰之间变化,平均值为-24.21‰,表明该地区土壤黑碳来源可能受C_3植物和化石燃料来源的共同影响。首次运用逃逸系数探讨了柴达木盆地盐湖区黑碳土气交换行为,结果表明研究区黑碳土气交换行为确实存在,但存在一定程度的模拟不确定性。  相似文献   

基于国家海洋治理和全球气候变化的我国海洋灾害防治          下载免费PDF全文

齐庆华 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(2):17-23

为建立和完善现代化的海洋灾害防治体系,提高我国海洋治理和应对全球气候变化的能力,文章以全球治理和国家治理为背景,在明确致灾因子、承灾体、灾害以及灾害风险和管理等基本概念及其内涵的基础上,分析全球气候变化背景下我国海洋灾害及其风险的特征以及海洋灾害防治的关键性和基础性科学问题,并提出我国构建海洋灾害防治体系的建议。研究结果表明:在全球气候变化的影响下,我国沿海地区的海洋灾害风险复杂多变且有所提升;提出以群-环-域为主体的体系架构,研究全球气候变化与区域海洋的响应和反馈、全球气候变化背景下海洋灾害与风险的特征和规律以及综合海洋灾害风险评估和海洋灾害防治等问题;在我国构建海洋灾害防治体系的过程中,应加强科学研究以及技术和信息支撑、促进区域和全球联动联防以及提高全社会对海洋灾害的认知和防范水平。  相似文献   

盐源—宁蒗地区早泥盆世古地理特征及油气潜力分析     

邓敏  程锦翔  王正和  余谦  张海全  张娣  陆俊泽 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(4):25-35

为了探索康滇地轴以西地质条件复杂地区的油气资源潜力，通过面积性地质调查工作与钻孔资料、分析测试资料结合，对盐源—宁蒗地区下泥盆统黑色页岩开展综合研究。研究表明：盐源—宁蒗地区早泥盆世古地理主要受康滇古陆及古特提斯构造域的构造活动控制，靠近金-箐断裂地区发育滨岸-潮坪相，古隆起围限区出现局限海湾相，远离隆起的西北部地区发育台地、陆棚、盆地相；大瓜坪组（早泥盆世晚期）发育黑色页岩（局部地区发育硅质泥岩），在羊排喜—岩口一带分布较为稳定、厚度大（20～100m），普遍含钙质，有机碳含量较高，具较高的脆性矿物含量，热演化程度适中，是重要的烃源岩和页岩气富集有利层位；黑色页岩主要发育在局限海湾环境中，羊排喜—岩口—茅坪子一线是盐源—宁蒗地区黑色页岩富集区。  相似文献   

Relationship Between Electrical Properties and Sedimentary Environment of the Longmaxi Formation Shale, Southern Sichuan     

YANG Kai  ZHANG Bing  WANG Xuben  HE Lanfang  YANG Hongyu  WANG Pengwan  TANG Jialin  DENG Jixin  ZHANG Cong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(5):1531-1546

The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the south of Sichuan is a key player in the exploration and development of shale gas in China. Due to a highly complex topographic area, electromagnetic methods (EM) become important exploration means in this area. Many studies have been conducted on the shale mineral composition and electrical properties of shale, however, the correlation between sedimentary environments and the electrical properties of shale remain poorly understood. The electrical properties and sedimentary environment of the organic-rich shale of the Longmaxi Formation have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, organic geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and complex resistivity measurements. The discovered high quartz content of the Longmaxi Formation shale results in low resistivity. Deep-water shelf biogenic quartz contributes lower resistivity more than that of shallow-water terrigenous quartz. The deep-water anoxic and organic sedimentary environment led to major enrichment of pyrite, leading to a high polarization effect in shale. We present the correlation between the lithofacies types and electrical properties of Longmaxi Formation. The mixed siliceous shale lithofacies is the most favorable among the three lithofacies, which is characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content, high brittleness mineral content, high polarization and low resistivity (“three high and one low”). This feature is an effective identification of shale gas reservoirs by electromagnetic prospecting. Our study can provide constraints on electrical parameters of rocks for electromagnetic “sweet spot” exploration of shale gas, and so this has important geological significance to shale gas exploration and development.  相似文献   

岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验     

叶进霞  夏春英  卜鸿志 《中国岩溶》2020,39(2):173-179

岩溶含水层的极不均一性特征使岩溶水溶质运移受构造、裂隙空间及其发育方向控制；因环境条件复杂，开展岩溶水污染原位修复技术难度较大，截止目前，国内尚未系统地开展岩溶含水层水污染原位修复研究工作。文章选择鲁中南山区典型岩溶发育及硝酸盐污染地段，施工组合钻孔建设修复试验工程，采用“乙醇+葡萄糖”液态碳源和“聚乙烯醇+淀粉颗粒”固态反应器分别进行岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验。结果表明:浓度500 mg?L－1、1 000 mg?L－1的“乙醇+葡萄糖”反硝化溶液对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分别为6.45 %和21.52 %；单位长度组成材料“聚乙烯醇3 kg+淀粉颗粒3 kg”、“聚乙烯醇2 kg+淀粉颗粒4 kg”的两种反硝化固态反应器对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分为33.91%和34.96%。试验证明在裂隙型岩溶地区采用孔组方案进行地下水污染原位修复技术可行、且能取得较显著效果。修复工程布设方式和试验成果对类似地区开展岩溶地下水污染原位修复具一定借鉴意义。   相似文献   

透明胞外聚合颗粒物碳输运新途径   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙军  郭聪聪  张桂成 《海洋学报》2019,41(8):125-130

目前大家普遍认为，透明胞外聚合颗粒物(Transparent Exopolymer Particles，TEP)因其独特的凝聚效应导致碳通量向海底输出。但是，近几年的研究表明TEP不仅影响了碳沉降途径，其本身能够悬浮甚至向海水表层迁移，导致其在海洋微表层(Surface Micro-layer, SML)积累，最终显著影响海洋表层碳通量。TEP和其他颗粒物聚集形成凝聚物后，其运动趋势则由凝聚物中TEP的含量占比，即最终颗粒物密度所决定。一个新的值得注意的现象是，密度低的TEP通过与其他微粒聚合形成表面活性物质(Surface-active Substances, SAS)，会在海洋–大气界面形成薄膜，显著影响海–气CO₂交换通量，甚至对全球气候变化造成影响。  相似文献   

Stable carbon isotope signatures of cellulose in macrophytes collected from three eutrophic lakes in China     

《Limnologica》2020

Aquatic plants are essential for maintaining the diversity and stability of a lake ecosystem. Stable carbon isotopes (δ¹³C) of macrophytes have been widely used as a powerful tool to study ecological processes and paleoenvironmental evolution in lakes. Varying results are obtained when using the δ¹³C of macrophytes to study the changes in the lake environment at different spatio-temporal scales. Thus, sample preparation and subsequent laboratory analyses are crucial for studying environmental changes using the isotopic signal retained in the macrophytes, and are essential for the interpretation of isotope-environment relationships. This study analyzed the δ¹³C of different tissue components of macrophytes in three lakes of the lower Yangtze River basin, and a correlation analysis was performed on aquatic environments influencing the δ¹³C values in the different tissue components of macrophytes. The test results showed the difference between the δ¹³C values of the whole sample and cellulose. Relative analyses indicated that the major factors contributing to the δ¹³C variability in macrophytes were pH and the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The δ¹³C of α-cellulose (δ¹³C_AC) is more sensitive to environmental variables than that of the whole sample (δ¹³C_W) and holocellulose (δ¹³C_HC). The results of this study imply that extraction of α-cellulose is a prerequisite for research on the changes in lake environment using δ¹³C of macrophytes. This study aims to provide theoretical and data basis for further research on the environmental and ecological change using stable carbon isotopes of aquatic plants.  相似文献   

Response of soil aggregate disintegration to the different content of organic carbon and its fractions during splash erosion     

Hairu Li  Gang Liu  Ju Gu  Hong Chen  Hongqiang Shi  Mohamed A. M. Abd Elbasit  Feinan Hu 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14060

Aggregate disintegration is a critical process in soil splash erosion. However, the effect of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions on soil aggregates disintegration is still not clear. In this study, five soils with similar clay contents and different contents of SOC have been used. The effects of slaking and mechanical striking on splash erosion were distinguished by using deionized water and 95% ethanol as raindrops. The simulated rainfall experiments were carried out in four heights (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m). The result indicated that the soil aggregate stability increased with the increases of SOC and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC). The relative slaking and the mechanical striking index increased with the decreases of SOC and LFOC. The reduction of macroaggregates in eroded soil gradually decreased with the increase of SOC and LFOC, especially in alcohol test. The amount of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) in deionized water tests were significantly less than that in alcohol tests under the same rainfall heights. The contribution of slaking to splash erosion increased with the decrease of heavy fractions organic carbon. The contribution of mechanical striking was dominant when the rainfall kinetic energy increased to a range of threshold between 9 J m⁻² mm⁻¹ and 12 m⁻² mm⁻¹. This study could provide the scientific basis for deeply understanding the mechanism of soil aggregates disintegration and splash erosion.  相似文献