Equilibrium constants of triethanolamine in major seawater salts     

I. Brandariz  P. Castro  M. Montes  F. Penedo  M.E. Sastre de Vicente 《Marine Chemistry》2006,102(3-4):291-299

Acid–base equilibrium constants of triethanolamine (TEA) have been determined by potentiometric titrations with a glass electrode, at 25 °C. Ionic strength was kept constant with only one electrolyte (using one of these salts: NaCl, KCl, MgCl₂ or CaCl₂), with binary mixtures of MgCl₂ and CaCl₂, and finally, in a solution with a composition approximately similar to that of natural seawater without sulfate. Equilibrium constants have been expressed in function of ionic strength by means of Pitzer equations and interaction parameters proposed in this theory have been obtained. It has been found that acid–base behaviour of TEA depends greatly on the salt used: basicity of TEA is decreased by CaCl₂, while it is increased by the other electrolytes used in this work.  相似文献   

Densities of Huanghe River estuary and Bohai Bay waters     

陈国华  季荣  谢式南  张力军 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1994,12(2):130-135

The densities of 36 water samples from the Huanghe River estuary and Bohai Bay were determinedby a magnetic float densimcter under three temperatures from 15℃ to 25℃.All the measured densities ofsamples were greater than that of the values calculated from the International Equation of State of Seawater.The differences between the measured and calculated densities increased with the decrease of salinities.The dif-ferences appeared exponentially correlated with[Ca~(2+)]/s,[Mg~(2+)]/s and[SO_4~(2-)]/s,and had"s"type curverelationship with the alkalinity in all salinity range.But in the salinity ranging from 25.72 to 31.57,therelationships were all linear.The density difference can be estimated from the equation △ρ（10~3kg·m~(-3)）=（-2.79+236.5([Ca~(2+)]/s)/(-9.7464×10~（-3）+[Ca~(2+)]/s).It was the high alkalinity and[Ca~(2+)]/s that resulted in the measured densi-ties of seawaters being higher than the calculated densities in the Huanghe estuary and Bohai Bay.  相似文献   

Lithium Ion Extraction from the High Ration Mg/Li Salt Lake Brine with Ionic Liquid in Triisobutyl Phosphate and Kerosene     

GAO Daolin  LIU Mingming  GUO Yafei  YU Xiaoping  WANG Shiqiang  DENG Tianlong 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):315-316

正1 Introduction As the lightest metal with the unique properties of energy production and storage,lithium is regarded as the new century energy metal.Lithium and its compounds were widely used in various industrial fields,especially in  相似文献   

离子液体调控溶剂热合成TiO₂纳米颗粒及紫外-可见光催化降解性能          下载免费PDF全文

杜记民  赵国燕  李亚晓  毛彦君  钱永腾  何稳  李志双 《盐湖研究》2012,20(4):30-35

以钛酸四丁酯(TEOS)、去离子水为原料,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基四氟硼酸咪唑盐([Bmim]BF4)为表面活性剂,通过溶剂热法制备了锐钛矿相TiO2纳米颗粒。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)对产物的晶相、形貌和光学性能进行表征。为了评估光催化活性,并以甲基橙水溶液为研究对象,在紫外光照射下分析不同照射时间下光降解效率。结果表明,离子液体、去离子水和钛酸四丁酯的体积比为1.3∶1∶1.3时,反应所得到的TiO2具有较高光催化活性,明显优于未添加离子液体的产品,这一结果可归因于其具有较大的比表面积。  相似文献   

Vortex Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Using Triton X‐114 for Ultratrace Cadmium Prior to Analysis          下载免费PDF全文

Sumaira Khan  Erkan Yilmaz  Tasneem Gul Kazi  Mustafa Soylak 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(8):1083-1088

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Nutrient chemistry and salinity mapping of the Delhi aquifer,India: source identification perspective     

Manish Kumar  Bhawna Sharma  AL. Ramanathan  M. Someshwar Rao  Bhishm Kumar 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(6):1171-1181

Present study is an effort to distinguish between the contributions of natural weathering and anthropogenic inputs towards high salinity and nutrient concentrations in the groundwater of National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi, India. Apart from the source identification, the aquifer of entire territory has been characterized and mapped on the basis of salinity in space and water suitability with its depth. Major element chemistry, conventional graphical plots and specific ionic ratio of Na⁺/Cl⁻, SO₄ ²⁻/Cl⁻, Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ and Ca²⁺/(HCO₃ ⁻ + SO₄ ²⁻) are conjointly used to distinguish different salinization sources. Results suggest that leaching from the various unlined landfill sites and drains is the prime cause of NO₃ ⁻ contamination while study area is highly affected with inland salinity which is geogenic in origin. The seasonal water level fluctuation and rising water level increases nutrients concentration in groundwater. Mixing with old saline sub-surface groundwater and dissolution of surface salts in the salt affected soil areas were identified as the principle processes controlling groundwater salinity through comparison of ionic ratio. Only minor increase of salinity is the result of evaporation effect and pollution inflows. The entire territory has characterized into four groups as fresh, freshening, near freshening and saline with respect to salinity in groundwater. The salinity mapping suggests that in general, for drinking needs, groundwater in the fresh, freshening and near freshening zone is suitable up to a depth of 45, 20 and 12 m, respectively, while the saline zones are unsuitable for any domestic use. In the consideration of increasing demand of drinking water in the area; present study is vital and recommends further isotopic investigations and highlights the need of immediate management action for landfill sites and unlined drains.  相似文献   

四水硝酸钙熔盐的结构研究          下载免费PDF全文

房艳  房春晖  林联君  秦绪峰 《盐湖研究》2007,15(1):39-43

用θ~θ液体衍射仪精确测量了Ca(NO3)2.4H2O熔体的X射线衍射数据,通过数据处理给出了熔盐的结构函数和实验径向分布函数曲线,并由r=0.618λ/sinθ对结构函数曲线进行了定性描述;通过理论模型计算获得了熔体配位结构参数。研究结果表明,熔体中至少存在一种带单氧桥键或双氧桥键的双核配合物;并用计算给出的局域结构模型,讨论了熔体结构对晶体生长过程的影响。  相似文献   

A Novel Method for Dye Removal: Ionic Liquid‐Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Extraction (IL‐DLLE)     

Maysam Gharehbaghi  Farzaneh Shemirani 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):290-297

A novel, simple, fast, and efficient ionic liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid extraction (IL‐DLLE) has been applied to extract and remove Congo Red (CR; a carcinogenic textile dye) from aqueous solutions. In this methodology a binary solution, containing the extraction solvent (1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimmidazolium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl) imid) and a suitable disperser solvent, was rapidly injected into the water sample containing CR dye. Therewith, a cloudy solution was formed, and most of the dye molecules were extracted into fine IL droplets and removed from aqueous phase. The effects of pH, type, and amount of IL, initial concentration of the dye, type and volume of the dispersant, and concentrations of salt on the extraction of the dye were studied. Experimental surveys were also accomplished for recovery of the IL by applying a reverse dispersive liquid–liquid extraction using acidic stripping solutions.  相似文献   

PM10 Source Apportionment in Ahvaz,Iran, Using Positive Matrix Factorization     

Mohammad Hossein Sowlat  Kazem Naddafi  Masud Yunesian  Peter L. Jackson  Saeedeh Lotfi  Abbas Shahsavani 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(12):1143-1151

Source apportionment of particulate matter <10 µm in diameter (PM₁₀), having considerable impacts on human health and the environment, is of high priority in air quality management. The present study, therefore, aimed at identifying the potential sources of PM₁₀ in an arid area of Ahvaz located in southwest of Iran. For this purpose, we collected 24‐h PM₁₀ samples by a high volume air sampler. The samples were then analyzed for their elemental (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Li, Ti, V, Zn, Mo, and Sb) and ionic (NH, Cl^?, NO, and SO) components using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and ion chromatography instruments, respectively. Eight factors were identified by positive matrix factorization: crustal dust (41.5%), road dust (5.5%), motor vehicles (11.5%), marine aerosol (8.0%), secondary aerosol (9.5%), metallurgical plants (6.0%), petrochemical industries and fossil fuel combustion (13.0%), and vegetative burning (5.0%). Result of this study suggested that the natural sources contribute most to PM₁₀ particles in the area, followed closely by the anthropogenic sources.  相似文献   

Regulating Environmental Factors of Nutrients Release from Wheat Straw Biochar for Sustainable Agriculture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Linin Wei  Gang Xu  Hongbo Shao  Junna Sun  Scott X. Chang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(7):697-701

One mechanism by which biochar application enhances soil nutrient availability is through direct nutrients release from biochar. However, factors controlling the release processes are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of pH, biochar to water ratio, temperature, ionic strength, and equilibration time on the release of PO, NO, NH, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ from biochar were evaluated in simulated experiments. The release of PO, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ was significantly affected by extraction pH, suggesting that their release from biochar was pH dependent or an H⁺‐consuming process. Correlation analysis indicated that PO and Ca²⁺, PO and Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were co‐solubilized with increasing soil acidity. To a lesser extent, the recovery of the nutrients was also affected by the ratio of biochar to water: more nutrients were soluble with more water supply. In contrast, the release of Na was not affected by pH while the concentration increased with decreasing biochar to water ratio. Meanwhile, other factors (temperature, ionic strength, and equilibration time) had less effect on nutrient release from biochar. Under the influence of pH, the patterns of NO and PO release from biochar were different: extractable NO concentration was not affected by the pH but more PO was released in strongly acidic conditions. Our data suggested that P was mainly retained in inorganic forms while N was in organic forms in biochar. We conclude that environmental factors have marked influences on nutrients release from biochar.  相似文献