Estimation of the 3D correlation structure of an alluvial aquifer from surface-based multi-frequency ground-penetrating radar reflection data     

Zhiwei Xu  James Irving  Kyle Lindsay  John Bradford  Peimin Zhu  Klaus Holliger 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(2):678-689

Knowledge about the stochastic nature of heterogeneity in subsurface hydraulic properties is critical for aquifer characterization and the corresponding prediction of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Whereas the vertical correlation structure of the heterogeneity is often well constrained by borehole information, the lateral correlation structure is generally unknown because the spacing between boreholes is too large to allow for its meaningful inference. There is, however, evidence to suggest that information on the lateral correlation structure may be extracted from the correlation statistics of the subsurface reflectivity structure imaged by surface-based ground-penetrating radar measurements. To date, case studies involving this approach have been limited to 2D profiles acquired at a single antenna centre frequency in areas with limited complementary information. As a result, the practical reliability of this methodology has been difficult to assess. Here, we extend previous work to 3D and consider reflection ground-penetrating radar data acquired using two antenna centre frequencies at the extensively explored and well-constrained Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. We find that the results obtained using the two ground-penetrating radar frequencies are consistent with each other, as well as with information from a number of other studies at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. In addition, contrary to previous 2D work, our results indicate that the surface-based reflection ground-penetrating radar data are not only sensitive to the aspect ratio of the underlying heterogeneity, but also, albeit to a lesser extent, to the so-called Hurst number, which is a key parameter characterizing the local variability of the fine-scale structure.  相似文献   

Characterizing spatial and temporal variation in 18O and 2H content of New Zealand river water for better understanding of hydrologic processes     

Jing Yang  Bruce D. Dudley  Kelsey Montgomery  Will Hodgetts 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5474-5488

Time series of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) in rivers can be used to quantify groundwater contributions to streamflow, and timescales of catchment storage. However, these isotope hydrology techniques rely on distinct spatial or temporal patterns of δ²H and δ¹⁸O within the hydrologic cycle. In New Zealand, lack of understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of δ²H and δ¹⁸O of river water hinders development of regional and national-scale hydrological models. We measured δ²H and δ¹⁸O monthly, together with river flow rates at 58 locations across New Zealand over a two-year period. Results show: (a) general patterns of decreasing δ²H and δ¹⁸O with increasing latitude were altered by New Zealand's major mountain ranges; δ²H and δ¹⁸O were distinctly lower in rivers fed from higher elevation catchments, and in eastern rain-shadow areas of both islands; (b) river water δ²H and δ¹⁸O values were partly controlled by local catchment characteristics (catchment slope, PET, catchment elevation, and upstream lake area) that influence evaporation processes; (c) regional differences in evaporation caused the slope of the river water line (i.e., the relationship between δ²H and δ¹⁸O in river water) for the (warmer) North Island to be lower than that of the (cooler, mountain-dominated) South Island; (d) δ²H seasonal offsets (i.e., the difference between seasonal peak and mean values) for individual sites ranged from 0.50‰ to 5.07‰. Peak values of δ¹⁸O and δ²H were in late summer, but values peaked 1 month later at the South Island sites, likely due to greater snow-melt contributions to streamflow. Strong spatial differences in river water δ²H and δ¹⁸O caused by orographic rainfall effects and evaporation may inform studies of water mixing across landscapes. Generally distinct seasonal isotope cycles, despite the large catchment sizes of rivers studied, are encouraging for transit time analysis applications.  相似文献   

平面不规则基础隔震结构抗扭设计研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄小宁  王威  王宁  杜永峰 《地震工程学报》2020,42(5):1283-1288

针对平面不规则结构在水平地震作用下的振动特性，通过调整隔震层隔震支座的布置，得到3种不同工况的隔震层刚心与上部结构质心、刚心相对位置关系，分别以楼层位移和层间位移为指标的扭转位移比，作为平面不规则基础隔震结构扭转响应指标，利用弹塑性时程分析方法，通过对3种不同工况的扭转指标对比分析研究，提出适用于平面不规则基础隔震结构的抗扭设计方法。结果表明：对于平面不规则结构，应在保证隔震层扭转位移比小于1.2的基础上，使隔震层的刚心和上部结构的刚心分别位于上部结构质心的两侧，可有效控制上部结构的扭转。  相似文献   

旅游城市餐饮业空间布局特征--以拉萨市为例     

李云云  刘海洋  王灵恩 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(2):191-205

受城市功能定位、旅游消费驱动等因素影响,旅游城市餐饮产业空间布局具有其自身特征。通过对互联网电子地图POI数据的挖掘,并结合ArcGIS最近邻分析、标准差椭圆、核密度分析和缓冲区分析工具,本文分析了高原旅游城市拉萨市主城区餐饮业空间分布格局特征及其影响因素(基于道路交通、旅游资源和人口视角)。研究发现拉萨市主城区餐饮业空间分布总体呈现集聚特征,主要集中在交通发达和旅游资源密集区周边地区;常住人口集聚区域餐饮点同样集中布局,餐饮点密集区与实时人口密集区高度重叠。针对拉萨市城市空间结构、功能定位和旅游发展,文章进一步提出拉萨市餐饮业空间布局优化措施。  相似文献   

考虑冲刷影响的筒型基础竖向极限承载力研究     

陆罗观  刘润  练继建  陈广思 《海洋工程》2019,37(3):69-77

大直径宽浅式筒型基础,阻水宽度大,在位工作期间受波浪海流作用,其周围土体易被冲刷。为研究单侧地基土体受冲刷后筒型基础的竖向极限承载力变化,通过引进冲刷率的概念,采用有限元方法研究了不同冲刷率下筒型基础的竖向极限承载力;并基于Meyerhof理论建立了计算不同冲刷率下筒型基础竖向极限承载力的极限平衡方法。研究结果表明,随着冲刷率增大,筒型基础的极限承载力出现不同程度的下降,当冲刷率为0.8时,即筒型基础单侧土体冲刷深度达6.4 m时,筒型基础的竖向极限承载力折减率为3.28%。建立的极限平衡算法可准确计算冲刷条件下筒型基础的竖向极限承载力。  相似文献   

山西省大同市新荣区石墨矿岩石矿物地球化学特征与成因     

梁钰琦  赵永  吴光存  张越  夏庆霖 《地球学报》2020,41(6):827-834

山西省大同市新荣区石墨矿带总体呈北东—南西向展布, 长约22 km, 赋矿层位为中下太古界右所堡组, 岩性为含石墨黑云斜长片麻岩。目前该矿带上已有7个勘查区, 累计查明晶质石墨矿物资源量约 5000万吨, 但对其矿床成因类型研究相对较少。本文收集整理和分析总结了区域内地质资料及化验分析结果, 采用变质岩原岩恢复的四种方法确定该矿带的成因: 从石墨矿带的矿体产状和岩石组合、岩相学和矿物学特征定性判断该矿带矿床为沉积岩区域深变质成矿类型; 矿体样品地球化学微量元素比值(Sr:Ba等)符合副变质岩特征; 稀土元素配分曲线及其研究表明矿体及围岩具有沉积岩变质特征; 以TiO2-F图解、[(al+fm)–(c+alk)]/Si图解以及(al-alk):c图解展示的岩石化学特征半定量地确认新荣区石墨矿带矿床为以黏土岩为主的区域变质成矿。新荣区石墨矿带成因类型的确定填补了该区域矿床成因类型研究的空白, 为下一步地质找矿及建模提供了重要依据; 三种图解相结合, 逐步缩小原岩范围, 锁定原岩类型, 为变质岩原岩恢复及矿床成因研究提供了新的思路和判别方法。  相似文献   

基于深度置信网络的GNSS-IR土壤湿度反演     

陈堃  沈飞  曹新运  朱逸凡 《测绘通报》2020,(9):100-105

基于大地测量型GNSS接收机获取的反射信号反演土壤湿度是GNSS领域的研究热点。为克服常规线性回归和BP神经网络算法等的缺陷，本文提出了一种基于深度置信网络的GNSS-IR土壤湿度反演方法。试验结果表明，基于该方法得到的决定系数、土壤湿度平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为0.909 8、0.017、0.021，与线性回归和BP神经网络算法相比，与实测数据吻合度更高，可有效提高土壤湿度反演精度，证明了方法的有效性和可靠性。  相似文献   

GPM和TRMM卫星日降水数据在黄河源区的适用性分析     

刘兆晨  杨梅学  王学佳  程立真 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):575-586

通过评估GPM计划三种日降水产品（IMERG-E、 IMERG-L和IMERG-F）和TRMM卫星、 两种日降水产品（TMPA 3B42和TMPA 3B42RT）在黄河源及其周边区域38个台站的适用性， 探究了五种产品探测精度和海拔高度及雨强的相关关系， 结果表明： 在与实测资料的一致性和偏差方面， GPM卫星产品要全面优于TMPA产品。在TRMM卫星产品中， 3B42产品明显优于3B42RT。五种产品的相关系数均表现出明显的从东南到西北递减的趋势， 均方根误差北部普遍低于南部。IMERG产品的探测率（POD）和探测成功率（CSI）都要普遍高于TMPA产品， 而误报率（FAR）则是TMPA 产品更低， 表现更好。五种产品均在个别台站出现了严重误报的情况， 这些台站主要分布在研究区的西北部。IMERG三种产品对于海拔高度的依赖程度具有很强的一致性， 而3B42RT产品对海拔高度几乎没有依赖。除3B42RT产品外， 其余四种产品的偏差均随雨强的增加而增大。在探测率方面， IMERG产品对小雨、 中雨和大雨的探测能力均优于TMPA产品。  相似文献   

长江下游刀鲚(Coilia nasus)仔稚鱼的时空分布     

刘熠  任鹏  杨习文  李新丰  徐东坡  方弟安 《湖泊科学》2020,32(2):506-517

刀鲚(Coilia nasus)是长江下游重要的经济鱼类之一,具有溯河洄游型和淡水定居型两种生态类型本研究于2016年5 8月在刀鲚繁殖高峰期内同时对长江下游湖口、安庆和靖江江段进行刀鲚早期资源调查,研究分析对比了长江下游江段刀鲚仔稚鱼的丰度情况、时空格局及其与主要环境因子的关系结果表明:在调查期间,靖江江段刀鲚仔稚鱼平均密度最高;刀鲚仔稚鱼在调查各江段于6月下旬至7月上旬之间均出现一段较短时间的高峰期,这与刀鲚的产卵类型有关;湖口刀鲚仔稚鱼的爆发时间早于安庆和靖江江段,这种现象可能是由于湖口江段存在的定居型刀鲚产卵造成的;推测长江江水倒灌的特殊环境现象刺激了刀鲚性腺的发育,使得湖口江段8月产卵群体较多;各江段断面空间上的刀鲚仔稚鱼密度差异可能是沿岸地形和水体动力学差异所产生的现象;各江段刀鲚仔稚鱼密度最高峰时的水流量均处于较低水平,水温分别为25.87、25.27和21.67℃,均达到了刀鲚产卵所需条件研究结果初步反映了长江下游刀鲚仔稚鱼的时空特征,为长江下游刀鲚资源的保护提供了参考依据.  相似文献   

基于噪声谱比法的内蒙古西部地区台站场地响应研究     

张珂  王鑫  王树波  张红才  宋晓燕 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(6):646-651

利用内蒙古西部12个台站的地脉动噪声数据，采用噪声谱比法研究台站的场地响应情况。分析表明，台站场地响应按曲线形态可分为3类，且可能受地形地貌、局部构造和台基状况等条件影响。对比分析噪声谱比法与Moya方法的场地响应结果发现，场地响应曲线形态基本一致，只有极少数台站存在明显差异。结果表明，内蒙古西部区域大部分台站的台基状况总体较好，场地响应曲线较为平坦，无明显频率放大点。  相似文献