“一带一路”沿线国家石油资源流动类型演变     

孙琪  赵媛  张新林  夏四友 《世界地理研究》2020,29(2):337-345

综合运用石油自给率、流动比率等方法，以“一带一路”沿线国家为研究对象，对1995—2014年各国石油资源流动类型时空演变进行研究。结果表明：1）1995—2014年石油净补给型国家数量较为稳定，无产型或低产型国家的石油贸易倾向变化相对较小；基本自给型国家数量占比最大，1995年占比1/2，其余四个年份占比稳定在1/3；净支出型国家数量显著增加，至2014年其中有5个国家保持不变，表明这些国家的石油产量具有较大的优势。2）1995年和2014年汇地国家均为39个国家，其中有34个国家一直保持汇地职能，空间分布上呈东多西少，南多北少，东西分化以西亚、中亚、东欧为界；有14个国家一直保持源地职能，其空间分布格局与汇地相应，西多东少，南多北少，主要分布于西亚、东欧及中亚；交流地数量较少，呈分散分布，且分布地不稳定。3）从数量变化来看，研究期内汇地略有增加，源地略有减少，交流地略有增加；“一带一路”源地总出口量与汇地总进口量的比呈逐年降低趋势。  相似文献   

基于GPS应变、地震应变率与震源应力场对帕米尔高原现今构造变形特征的分析          下载免费PDF全文

潘正洋  邵志刚  周云  王洵  解孟雨  艾萨·伊斯马伊力 《地球物理学报》2020,63(3):1143-1154

研究帕米尔高原的构造变形特征对于理解印度板块向北推挤过程中的应变分配方式以及应力转换模式具有重要的意义.本文利用区域GPS应变场、地震应变场与震源应力场分析帕米尔高原的构造形变特征.主要结论为:(1)该区域变形主要以NNW-SSE或近N-S向的挤压为主,在高原内部伴有明显的近ENE-WSW或E-W向拉张,应力方向在帕米尔高原与塔吉克盆地区域呈现逆时针旋转的趋势,而在塔里木盆地则显示几乎与帕米尔高原的一致的应力状态,这可能与两侧盆地块体的强度差异有关.(2)安德森断层参数A∅显示帕米尔高原北缘与西侧区域为逆断层应力状态,在高原内部为正断层应力状态,这与GPS应变的结果显示的应变主要集中在主帕米尔断裂与阿莱谷地附近而在高原内部应变较低是一致的,另外应力在喀喇昆仑断裂北段的方向基本平行于断层走向,以及断层北端较低的滑动速率,这说明了地壳挤压缩短可能是帕米尔高原主要的的构造变形特征,并不支持由于边界走滑断裂导致的应变分异或者块体挤出的模式.(3)综合考虑地震应变方向与SHmax从帕米尔北部NNW-SSE方向到天山北部的近N-S方向的转换,GPS应变方向在帕米尔高原两侧盆地都存在不同程度的旋转,应力场安德森参数A∅显示的应力状态以及SKS的结果显示的近ENE-WSW方向,我们认为印度板块向北推挤与天山造山带碰撞导致帕米尔高原不对称的径向逆冲是帕米尔高原现今构造变形的主要成因与构造模式.  相似文献   

鄂西地区宽频地震台阵背景噪声特征     

任凤茹  谢锦赟  杨小舟 《华北地震科学》2020,38(1):21-28,37

利用鄂西地区长时间段宽频地震台站的三分量背景噪声记录,采用波形互相关方法得到台站对间的互相关函数,并通过聚束分析获得瑞雷波和勒夫波的慢度谱,研究鄂西地区背景噪声源的时空分布特征。结果表明,5~10 s周期范围,背景噪声来源于南太平洋且没有季节变化;10~20 s周期范围,慢度谱上显示明显的能量环,表明噪声源来源于多个方向,且表现出强烈和急剧的季节变化;20~40 s周期范围,慢度谱上也存在明显的能量环,其产生机制可能与此周期下提出的次重力波机制相似。在不同的周期范围内,噪声源分布方位有所不同,但在周期10~40 s范围噪声源在各方向均有分布。因此,利用长时间段连续噪声数据计算的互相关函数在周期10~40 s范围内满足背景噪声面波层析成像的理论前提。  相似文献   

Season Effects on Subsurface Constructed Wetlands Performance: Role of Radial Oxygen Loss of Phragmites australis     

Qian Wang  Zhenfeng Cao  Yanbiao Hu  Qiang Kong  Fei Xu  Yuanda Du  Congcong Zhao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(8)

  相似文献   

易坍塌地层双管水平定向钻进工艺研究          下载免费PDF全文

孔令镕  王瑜  刘宝林  王志乔  贺佳  杨博  胡茂兴 《探矿工程》2019,46(2):9-16

水平定向钻进技术已被广泛地用于铺设各种管线，具有施工速度快，对地面破坏小，不会影响已有管线的正常使用等优点。但是，在砂卵石和粉细砂类易坍塌地层中，常规的单钻杆水平定向钻进常会出现导向偏差和钻孔坍塌等事故。在已有技术的基础上，开发出了一套双管水平定向钻进系统，包括双回转动力头钻机、内外钻杆、双管导向节。通过现场应用证明了该双管系统具有导向精度高、调整方向灵敏等优点，能克服易坍塌地层带来的导向精度差和钻孔坍塌等难题。  相似文献   

ICP-AES双向测定土壤中铜、锰、钒、锌金属元素的对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

张安丰  杨刚  陈菊  邓昭祥  毛珂  杨博为  庞文品  邓云江 《贵州地质》2019,36(4):388-394

本文采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)轴向和径向测定土壤中铜、锰、钒、锌四种金属元素的含量,比较分析了在不同三酸[硝酸(HNO3)、氢氟酸(HF)、高氯酸(HCLO4)]用量(配比)下对5种国家标准物质的消解性差异和对四种元素轴向和径向测定结果的影响。结果表明:(1)消解过程中f、g、h配比的三酸消解速度较快,d、e次之,a、b、c相对较慢。(2)对于低含量试样径向观测对轴向观测灵敏度较高;同时三酸消解用量不同,其结果差异性不明显,而发现中高含量范围内横向观测比径向观测相对偏差较小,说明了轴向观测效果较好。(3)通过采用f配比的三酸经过前处理进行稳定性分析,结果可知标准偏差(SD)均小于10,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%,对于高含量锰元素横向观测较径向观测稳定性高,其余元素差异性不明显。  相似文献   

内蒙古阿巴嘎地区地壳方位各向异性研究          下载免费PDF全文

强正阳  吴庆举  何静  李永华 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):2946-2958

本文利用架设在内蒙古阿巴嘎地区38个宽频带地震台站记录到的远震数据，通过拟合P波接收函数径向Pms转换波到时和叠加不同方位切向分量，确定了地壳各向异性参数.结果表明，大部分台站Pms延迟时间在0.35 s左右；而少数台站时差较大，推测可能受到索伦缝合带附近地壳残留倾斜界面影响.各向异性快波方向变化范围在N95°E到N180°E之间，平均为N130.6°E±19.1°，推测中下地壳矿物在ENE-WSW向区域主压应力作用下发生晶格定向排列可能是导致地壳各向异性的主要成因.研究区壳幔变形特征和机制不同，属于解耦变形.  相似文献   

Mitigating systematic error in topographic models derived from UAV and ground‐based image networks          下载免费PDF全文

Mike R. James  Stuart Robson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(10):1413-1420

High resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are increasingly produced from photographs acquired with consumer cameras, both from the ground and from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, although such DEMs may achieve centimetric detail, they can also display systematic broad‐scale error that restricts their wider use. Such errors which, in typical UAV data are expressed as a vertical ‘doming’ of the surface, result from a combination of near‐parallel imaging directions and inaccurate correction of radial lens distortion. Using simulations of multi‐image networks with near‐parallel viewing directions, we show that enabling camera self‐calibration as part of the bundle adjustment process inherently leads to erroneous radial distortion estimates and associated DEM error. This effect is relevant whether a traditional photogrammetric or newer structure‐from‐motion (SfM) approach is used, but errors are expected to be more pronounced in SfM‐based DEMs, for which use of control and check point measurements are typically more limited. Systematic DEM error can be significantly reduced by the additional capture and inclusion of oblique images in the image network; we provide practical flight plan solutions for fixed wing or rotor‐based UAVs that, in the absence of control points, can reduce DEM error by up to two orders of magnitude. The magnitude of doming error shows a linear relationship with radial distortion and we show how characterization of this relationship allows an improved distortion estimate and, hence, existing datasets to be optimally reprocessed. Although focussed on UAV surveying, our results are also relevant to ground‐based image capture. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a recently proposed record selection and scaling procedure for low‐rise to mid‐rise reinforced concrete buildings and its use for probabilistic risk assessment studies          下载免费PDF全文

Bekir Özer Ay  Sinan Akkar 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(6):889-908

This paper evaluates a recent record selection and scaling procedure of the authors that can determine the probabilistic structural response of buildings behaving either in the elastic or post‐elastic range. This feature marks a significant strength on the procedure as the probabilistic structural response distribution conveys important information on probability‐based damage assessment. The paper presents case studies that show the utilization of the proposed record selection and scaling procedure as a tool for the estimation of damage states and derivation of site‐specific and region‐specific fragility functions. The method can be used to describe exceedance probabilities of damage limits under a certain target hazard level with known annual exceedance rate (via probabilistic seismic hazard assessment). Thus, the resulting fragility models can relate the seismicity of the region (or a site) with the resulting building performance in a more accurate manner. Under this context, this simple and computationally efficient record selection and scaling procedure can be benefitted significantly by probability‐based risk assessment methods that have started to be considered as indispensable for developing robust earthquake loss models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

From Predictive Mapping of Mineral Prospectivity to Quantitative Estimation of Number of Undiscovered Prospects     

Emmanuel J. M. Carranza 《Resource Geology》2011,61(1):30-51

This paper proposes that the spatial pattern of known prospects of the deposit‐type sought is the key to link predictive mapping of mineral prospectivity (PMMP) and quantitative mineral resource assessment (QMRA). This proposition is demonstrated by PMMP for hydrothermal Au‐Cu deposits (HACD) and by estimating the number of undiscovered prospects for HACD in Catanduanes Island (Philippines). The results of analyses of the spatial pattern of known prospects of HACD and their spatial associations with geological features are consistent with existing knowledge of geological controls on hydrothermal Au‐Cu mineralization in the island and elsewhere, and are used to define spatial recognition criteria of regional‐scale prospectivity for HACD. Integration of layers of evidence representing the spatial recognition criteria of prospectivity via application of data‐driven evidential belief functions results in a map of prospective areas occupying 20% of the island with fitting‐ and prediction‐rates of 76% and 70%, respectively. The predictive map of prospective areas and a proxy measure for degrees of exploration based on the spatial pattern of known prospects of HACD were used in one‐level prediction of undiscovered mineral endowment, which yielded estimates of 79 to 112 undiscovered prospects of HACD. Application of radial‐density fractal analysis of the spatial pattern of known prospects of HACD results in an estimate of 113 undiscovered prospects of HACD. Thus, the results of the study support the proposition that PMMP can be a part of QMRA if the spatial pattern of discovered prospects of the deposit‐type sought is considered in both PMMP and QMRA.  相似文献