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Interactive visualization has been an integral part of landscape simulation to facilitate understanding of environmental processes.
In most cases, however, interaction with the data is limited to viewing only. Thus to support more 3D interaction, in this
study an attempt has been made to apply multi-view approach of the model for orientation, navigation and selection as visual
metaphors on the landscape. This paper further describes how JAVA 3D/VRML can be used to model a landscape for better user
interaction and exploration. Data used for generation of landscape model is SRTM-3 pertaining to a part of Alwar district
in Rajasthan. This study emphasizes the importance of user interaction with 3D landscape for visualizing future design implications,
landuse change and visual exploration. 相似文献
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Geomorphology,sedimentology and minimum exposure ages of streamlined subglacial landforms in the NW Himalaya,India 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sourav Saha Milap C. Sharma Madhav K. Murari Lewis A. Owen Marc W. Caffee 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(2):284-303
Streamlined subglacial landforms that include drumlins in three study areas, the upper Chandra valley around Chandra Tal, the upper Spiti Valley and the middle Yunam Valley of the NW Himalaya of India were mapped and studied using geomorphic, sedimentological and geochronological methods. These streamlined subglacial landforms include a variety of morphological types, including: (i) half egg‐shaped forms; (ii) complex superimposed forms; (iii) dome‐shaped forms; (iv) inverse forms; and (v) flat‐topped symmetrical forms. Sedimentological data indicate that subglacial deformational processes are responsible for the formation of the streamlined subglacial landforms in the Chandra Tal and upper Spiti Valley study areas. In contrast, streamlined landforms in the middle Yunam Valley are the result of melt‐out and subglacial erosional processes. In the Yunam Valley study area, 11 new cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages were obtained for boulders inset into the crests of streamlined subglacial landforms and moraines, and also for a bedrock surface. The streamlined landforms date to 8–7 ka, providing evidence of an early Holocene valley glaciation, and older moraines date to ～17–15 and 79–52 ka, representing other significant valley glacial advances in the middle Yunam Valley. The subglacial landforms in the Chandra Valley provide evidence for a ≥300‐m‐thick Lateglacial glacier that advanced southeast, overtopping the Kunzum Range, and advancing into the upper Spiti Valley. The streamlined subglacial landforms in these study areas of the NW Himalaya highlight the usefulness of such landforms in developing glacial chronostratigraphy and for understanding the dynamics of Himalayan glaciation. 相似文献
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Lewis A. Owen Lyn Gualtieri Robert C. Finkel Marc W. Caffee Doug I. Benn Milap C. Sharma 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(6):555-563
The timing of glaciation in the Lahul Himalaya of northern India was ascertained using the concentrations of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al from boulders on moraines and drumlins, and from glacially polished bedrock surfaces. Five glacial stages were identified: Sonapani I and II, Kulti, Batal and Chandra. Of these, cosmogenic exposure ages were obtained on samples representative of the Batal and Kulti glacial cycles. Stratigraphical relationships indicate that the Sonapani I and II are younger. No age was obtained for the Chandra glacial advance. Batal Glacial Stage deposits are found throughout the valley, indicating the presence of an extensive valley glacial system. During the Kulti Stage, glaciers advanced ca. 10 km beyond their current positions. Moraines produced during the Batal Stage, ca. 12–15.5 ka, are coeval with the Northern Hemisphere Late‐glacial Interstadial (Bølling/Allerød). Deglaciation of the Batal Glacial Stage was completed by ca. 12 ka and was followed by the Kulti Glacial Stage during the early Holocene, at ca. 10–11.4 ka. On millennial time‐scales, glacier oscillations in the Lahul Himalaya apparently reflect periods of positive mass‐balance coincident with times of increased insolation. During these periods the South Asian summer monsoon strengthened and/or extended its influence further north and west, thereby enhancing high‐altitude summer snowfall. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Parvesh Chandna J.K. LadhaU.P. Singh Milap PuniaRaj Gupta B.S. Sidhu 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):757-765
Satisfying the food demands of an ever-increasing population, preserving the natural resource base, and improving livelihoods are major challenges for South Asia. A large area of land in the Middle and Lower Gangetic Plains of South Asia remains either uncultivated or underused following the rice harvest in the kharif (wet) season. The area includes “rice-fallow,” estimated at 6.7 million ha, flood-prone riversides (“diara lands,” 2.4 million ha), waterlogged areas (4.9 million ha), and salt-affected soils (2.3 million ha). Bringing these lands under production could substantially improve the food supply and enhance livelihoods in the region. This paper describes a methodological case study that targeted resource-conserving technologies in underused lands of the Ballia District of eastern Uttar Pradesh (India) using multispectral remote-sensing images. Classification of temporal satellite data IRS-P6 in combination with Spot VGT 2 permitted the identification of all major categories of underused land during the post-rainy rabi/winter season, with an average accuracy of 89%. Based on three-year averages of field demonstrations, farmers gained an additional income of $63 ha−1 by introducing raised beds in salt-affected soils; $140 and $800 ha−1 by introducing deepwater rice varieties (monsoon) and boro rice (winter) in waterlogged areas; and $581 ha−1 by introducing zero-till lentil (winter) in rain-fed fallow lowland. Timely wheat planting through zero-tillage implies an additional income of $147 ha−1 and could increase wheat production by 35,000-65,000 tons in the district. The methodologies and technologies suggested in the study are applicable to more than 15 million ha of underutilized lands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia. If the technologies are precisely applied, they can result in more than 3000 million US $ of additional income every year to these poverty prone areas. 相似文献
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Mining Land Cover Information Using Multilayer Perceptron and Decision Tree from MODIS Data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Uttam Kumar Norman Kerle Milap Punia T. V. Ramachandra 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(4):592-603
Land cover (LC) changes play a major role in global as well as at regional scale patterns of the climate and biogeochemistry of the Earth system. LC information presents critical insights in understanding of Earth surface phenomena, particularly useful when obtained synoptically from remote sensing data. However, for developing countries and those with large geographical extent, regular LC mapping is prohibitive with data from commercial sensors (high cost factor) of limited spatial coverage (low temporal resolution and band swath). In this context, free MODIS data with good spectro-temporal resolution meet the purpose. LC mapping from these data has continuously evolved with advances in classification algorithms. This paper presents a comparative study of two robust data mining techniques, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and decision tree (DT) on different products of MODIS data corresponding to Kolar district, Karnataka, India. The MODIS classified images when compared at three different spatial scales (at district level, taluk level and pixel level) shows that MLP based classification on minimum noise fraction components on MODIS 36 bands provide the most accurate LC mapping with 86% accuracy, while DT on MODIS 36 bands principal components leads to less accurate classification (69%). 相似文献
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In India the last 30 years had witnessed a radical transformation of urban scene. In particular, during this period, the one
lakh cities and million plus cities began to grow rapidly. In the present study, urban growth of Jaipur city in the last 31 years
(1975–2006) was assessed. Jaipur ranks 11th in India with a total population of 2.3 million and has shown a consistent increase
in the past 50 years. It is one of the fastest growing mega cities of the country with an annual average growth rate of 4.5%
which is quite high from the national urban growth rate. Remote sensing and GIS have been used to extract the information
related to urban growth-built up area and its spatial and temporal variation. The Shannon’s entropy at two levels (city as
a whole and ward wise) is computed in order to quantify the form and patterns of urban growth using built up area as spatial
phenomena. Further, multivariate statistical techniques have been used to establish the relationship between the urban growth
and its causative and determining factors. Results of this study reveal that the growth rate of built up in Jaipur has outstripped
the rate of population growth. Shannon’s entropy quantifies as dispersed form of urban growth till 2000 and after it, there
is relative compactness in 2006. 相似文献
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