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1.
The Bayesian detection of discontinuities in a polynomial regression and its application to the cycle-slip problem 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Maria Clara de Lacy Mirko Reguzzoni Fernando Sansò Giovanna Venuti 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(9):527-542
This paper deals with the problem of detecting and correcting cycle-slips in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) phase
data by exploiting the Bayesian theory. The method is here applied to undifferenced observations, because repairing cycle-slips
already at this stage could be a useful pre-processing tool, especially for a network of permanent GNSS stations. If a dual
frequency receiver is available, the cycle-slips can be easily detected by combining two phase observations or phase and range
observations from a single satellite to a single receiver. These combinations, expressed in a distance unit form, are completely
free from the geometry and depend only on the ionospheric effect, on the electronic biases and on the initial integer ambiguities;
since these terms are expected to be smooth in time, at least in a short period, a cycle-slip in one or both the two carriers
can be modelled as a discontinuity in a polynomial regression. The proposed method consists in applying the Bayesian theory
to compute the marginal posterior distribution of the discontinuity epoch and to detect it as a maximum a posteriori (MAP)
in a very accurate way. Concerning the cycle-slip correction, a couple of simultaneous integer slips in the two carriers is
chosen by maximazing the conditional posterior distribution of the discontinuity amplitude given the detected epoch. Numerical
experiments on simulated and real data show that the discontinuities with an amplitude 2 or 3 times larger than the noise
standard deviation are successfully identified. This means that the Bayesian approach is able to detect and correct cycle-slips
using undifferenced GNSS observations even if the slip occurs by one cycle. A comparison with the scientific software BERNESE
5.0 confirms the good performance of the proposed method, especially when data sampled at high frequency (e.g. every 1 s or
every 5 s) are available. 相似文献
2.
Real-time cycle slip detection in triple-frequency GNSS 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
The modernization of the global positioning system and the advent of the European project Galileo will lead to a multifrequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The presence of new frequencies introduces more degrees of freedom in the GNSS data combination. We define linear combinations of GNSS observations with the aim to detect and correct cycle slips in real time. In particular, the detection is based on five geometry-free linear combinations used in three cascading steps. Most of the jumps are detected in the first step using three minimum-noise combinations of phase and code observations. The remaining jumps with very small amplitude are detected in the other two steps by means of two-tailored linear combinations of phase observations. Once the epoch of the slip has been detected, its amplitude is estimated using other linear combinations of phase observations. These combinations are defined with the aim of discriminating between the possible combinations of jump amplitudes in the three carriers. The method has been tested on simulated data and 1-second triple-frequency undifferenced GPS data coming from a friendly multipath environment. Results show that the proposed method is able to detect and repair all combinations of cycle slips in the three carriers. 相似文献
3.
Herrera Antonio M. Suhandri Hendy F. Realini Eugenio Reguzzoni Mirko de Lacy M. Clara 《GPS Solutions》2016,20(3):595-603
GPS Solutions - goGPS is a positioning software application designed to process single-frequency code and phase observations for absolute or relative positioning. Published under a free and... 相似文献
4.
First GOCE gravity field models derived by three different approaches 总被引：28，自引：10，他引：18
Roland Pail Sean Bruinsma Federica Migliaccio Christoph F?rste Helmut Goiginger Wolf-Dieter Schuh Eduard H?ck Mirko Reguzzoni Jan Martin Brockmann Oleg Abrikosov Martin Veicherts Thomas Fecher Reinhard Mayrhofer Ina Krasbutter Fernando Sans�� Carl Christian Tscherning 《Journal of Geodesy》2011,85(11):819-843
Three gravity field models, parameterized in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients, have been computed from 71 days of GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) orbit and gradiometer data by applying independent gravity field processing methods. These gravity models are one major output of the European Space Agency (ESA) project GOCE High-level Processing Facility (HPF). The processing philosophies and architectures of these three complementary methods are presented and discussed, emphasizing the specific features of the three approaches. The resulting GOCE gravity field models, representing the first models containing the novel measurement type of gravity gradiometry ever computed, are analysed and assessed in detail. Together with the coefficient estimates, full variance-covariance matrices provide error information about the coefficient solutions. A comparison with state-of-the-art GRACE and combined gravity field models reveals the additional contribution of GOCE based on only 71 days of data. Compared with combined gravity field models, large deviations appear in regions where the terrestrial gravity data are known to be of low accuracy. The GOCE performance, assessed against the GRACE-only model ITG-Grace2010s, becomes superior at degree 150, and beyond. GOCE provides significant additional information of the global Earth gravity field, with an accuracy of the 2-month GOCE gravity field models of 10?cm in terms of geoid heights, and 3?mGal in terms of gravity anomalies, globally at a resolution of 100?km (degree/order 200). 相似文献
5.
Regional height systems do not refer to a common equipotential surface, such as the geoid. They are usually referred to the mean sea level at a reference tide gauge. As mean sea level varies (by ±1 to 2 m) from place to place and from continent to continent each tide gauge has an unknown bias with respect to a common reference surface, whose determination is what the height datum problem is concerned with. This paper deals with this problem, in connection to the availability of satellite gravity missions data. Since biased heights enter into the computation of terrestrial gravity anomalies, which in turn are used for geoid determination, the biases enter as secondary or indirect effect also in such a geoid model. In contrast to terrestrial gravity anomalies, gravity and geoid models derived from satellite gravity missions, and in particular GRACE and GOCE, do not suffer from those inconsistencies. Those models can be regarded as unbiased. After a review of the mathematical formulation of the problem, the paper examines two alternative approaches to its solution. The first one compares the gravity potential coefficients in the range of degrees from 100 to 200 of an unbiased gravity field from GOCE with those of the combined model EGM2008, that in this range is affected by the height biases. This first proposal yields a solution too inaccurate to be useful. The second approach compares height anomalies derived from GNSS ellipsoidal heights and biased normal heights, with anomalies derived from an anomalous potential which combines a satellite-only model up to degree 200 and a high-resolution global model above 200. The point is to show that in this last combination the indirect effects of the height biases are negligible. To this aim, an error budget analysis is performed. The biases of the high frequency part are proved to be irrelevant, so that an accuracy of 5 cm per individual GNSS station is found. This seems to be a promising practical method to solve the problem. 相似文献
6.
The issue of combining high-resolution gravity models, based on observations taken on the Earth surface, with those derived from satellite-only observations is of increasing importance, due to the new data provided by gravity satellite missions, CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. The paper addresses this issue with a twofold purpose. On the one hand, it is an attempt to discuss and assess general concepts, well known in literature, such as achievable resolution, regularization in the least-squares sense or in an infinite dimensional setup, combination criteria, symmetry and block diagonal structures. In particular, as for the symmetry question, a well-defined result, generalizing known facts, is derived. On the other hand, the outcomes of the general discussion are specifically applied to the combination of a high-resolution model (e.g. EGM08) with a GOCE gravity model estimated by the so-called space-wise approach. Small numerical examples are developed to clarify the property of the proposed solution. 相似文献
7.
8.
Optimal multi-step collocation: application to the space-wise approach for GOCE data analysis 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Collocation is widely used in physical geodesy. Its application requires to solve systems with a dimension equal to the number
of observations, causing numerical problems when many observations are available. To overcome this drawback, tailored step-wise
techniques are usually applied. An example of these step-wise techniques is the space-wise approach to the GOCE mission data
processing. The original idea of this approach was to implement a two-step procedure, which consists of first predicting gridded
values at satellite altitude by collocation and then deriving the geo-potential spherical harmonic coefficients by numerical
integration. The idea was generalized to a multi-step iterative procedure by introducing a time-wise Wiener filter to reduce
the highly correlated observation noise. Recent studies have shown how to optimize the original two-step procedure, while
the theoretical optimization of the full multi-step procedure is investigated in this work. An iterative operator is derived
so that the final estimated spherical harmonic coefficients are optimal with respect to the Wiener–Kolmogorov principle, as
if they were estimated by a direct collocation. The logical scheme used to derive this optimal operator can be applied not
only in the case of the space-wise approach but, in general, for any case of step-wise collocation. Several numerical tests
based on simulated realistic GOCE data are performed. The results show that adding a pre-processing time-wise filter to the
two-step procedure of data gridding and spherical harmonic analysis is useful, in the sense that the accuracy of the estimated
geo-potential coefficients is improved. This happens because, in its practical implementation, the gridding is made by collocation
over local patches of data, while the observation noise has a time-correlation so long that it cannot be treated inside the
patch size. Therefore, the multi-step operator, which is in theory equivalent to the two-step operator and to the direct collocation,
is in practice superior thanks to the time-wise filter that reduces the noise correlation before the gridding. The criteria
for the choice of this filter are investigated numerically. 相似文献
9.
10.
Roland Pail Mirko Reguzzoni Fernando Sansó Norbert Kühtreiber 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2010,54(2):195-218
Due to the successful operation of dedicated satellite gravity missions, nowadays high-accuracy global gravity field models
have become available. This triggers the challenge to optimally combine this long to medium wavelength gravity field information
derived from space-borne data with high-resolution terrestrial gravity data. In this paper, the least squares collocation
concept is revised with the attempt to consistently unify the combination procedure in such a way that the full information
contained in both data sets is merged. For example, in local or regional geoid determination the remove-restore method is
usually applied only partially taking into account the accuracy of the global model coefficients used for the long-wavelength
reduction. The key advantage of the extended formulation is the fact that it automatically accounts for the error covariance
of all data types involved. The applicability, feasibility and performance of the proposed method is investigated in the frame
of numerical closed-loop simulations. The two main fields of application, i.e., the improvement of a global gravity field
model by terrestrial gravity field data, and, vice versa, the support to a regional geoid solution by the incorporation of
a global gravity field model, have been analyzed and assessed. Although applied under simplified conditions, it could be shown
that the method works and is practically applicable. 相似文献