The global structural response model for multi-deck ships in concept design phase     

Jerolim Andrić  Vedran Žanić 《Ocean Engineering》2010,37(8-9):688-704

This paper is an attempt to contribute to the improvement of an analysis model within overall structural synthesis procedure for the multi-deck ships. The paper is organized in two parts: modeling principles and model validation. Principles of the proposed generic model formulation on the global and sub-structure levels are given in detail while the load model is briefly summarized. The basic building blocks (macro-elements and gross-elements) for the modeling of ordinary stiffened panels, combining numerical and analytical approaches, are presented and discussed w.r.t. requirements for a multi-deck structure. Different surrogates (sets of elements and ordinary macro-elements) used for equivalent modeling of large side openings are evaluated, since the reduced shear stiffness of superstructure sides has large influence on the hull girder stress distributions along the entire cross section height. The generic ship models developed using outlined principles and the basic building blocks are further validated through complex examples of a large cruise ship and a livestock carrier. On the global level, the accuracy of the generic model w.r.t. the longitudinal stress distribution over ships height is compared with a standard full ship FE model. The results confirmed that the suggested structural modeling principles, based on the generic FE model can be applied for the fast investigation of different structural topological/geometrical concepts as well as for the ordinary scantling/material optimization.  相似文献   

Loose programming of GIS workflows with geo‐analytical concepts     

Johannes F. Kruiger  Vedran Kasalica  Rogier Meerlo  Anna‐Lena Lamprecht  Enkhbold Nyamsuren  Simon Scheider 《Transactions in GIS》2021,25(1):424-449

Loose programming enables analysts to program with concepts instead of procedural code. Data transformations are left underspecified, leaving out procedural details and exploiting knowledge about the applicability of functions to data types. To synthesize workflows of high quality for a geo‐analytical task, the semantic type system needs to reflect knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) at a level that is deep enough to capture geo‐analytical concepts and intentions, yet shallow enough to generalize over GIS implementations. Recently, core concepts of spatial information and related geo‐analytical concepts were proposed as a way to add the required abstraction level to current geodata models. The core concept data types (CCD) ontology is a semantic type system that can be used to constrain GIS functions for workflow synthesis. However, to date, it is unknown what gain in precision and workflow quality can be expected. In this article we synthesize workflows by annotating GIS tools with these types, specifying a range of common analytical tasks taken from an urban livability scenario. We measure the quality of automatically synthesized workflows against a benchmark generated from common data types. Results show that CCD concepts significantly improve the precision of workflow synthesis.  相似文献   

Uncertainty analysis along the ecological quality status of water bodies: the response of the Posidonia oceanica multivariate index (POMI) in three Mediterranean regions     

Mascaró O  Bennett S  Marbà N  Nikolić V  Romero J  Duarte CM  Alcoverro T 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5):926-931

Uncertainty analyses allow the identification and quantification of the factors that contribute to the potential misclassification of the ecological status of water bodies, helping to improve the sampling design used in monitoring. Here we used a Posidonia oceanica multivariate index (POMI) bio-monitoring dataset covering a total of 81 sites distributed throughout 28 water bodies from the coast of Catalonia, Balearic Islands and Croatia to determine the levels of uncertainty associated with each region and how they change according to the quality status of water bodies. Overall, variability among sites (meadows) within water bodies was the factor that generated the greatest risk of misclassification among the three regions, within which the Balearic Islands had the lowest uncertainty, followed by Croatia and Catalonia. When water bodies classified in good/high quality were separated from those in moderate/poor status classes, we found that the latter displayed higher levels of uncertainty than the former.  相似文献