Koordinatentransformation,Mittelbare Orientierung,Nachbarwinkelstatistik     

Dr. Hans-Rudolf Wenk  Dr. Volkmar Trommsdorff 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1965,11(6):559-585

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The northwest european shelf temperature and salinity variability     

Gerd A. Becker  Alexander Frohse  Peter Damm 《Ocean Dynamics》1997,49(2-3):135-151

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GIS-based assessment of landslide susceptibility on the base of the Weights-of-Evidence model   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Bettina Neuh?user  Bodo Damm  Birgit Terhorst 《Landslides》2012,9(4):511-528

The major scope of the study is the assessment of landslide susceptibility of Flysch areas including the Penninic Klippen in the Vienna Forest (Lower Austria) by means of Geographical Information System (GIS)-based modelling. A statistical/probabilistic method, referred to as Weights-of-Evidence (WofE), is applied in a GIS environment in order to derive quantitative spatial information on the predisposition to landslides. While previous research in this area concentrated on local geomorphological, pedological and slope stability analyses, the present study is carried out at a regional level. The results of the modelling emphasise the relevance of clay shale zones within the Flysch formations for the occurrence of landslides. Moreover, the distribution of mass movements is closely connected to the fault system and nappe boundaries. An increased frequency of landslides is observed in the proximity to drainage lines, which can change to torrential conditions after heavy rainfall. Furthermore, landslide susceptibility is enhanced on N-W facing slopes, which are exposed to the prevailing direction of wind and rainfall. Both of the latter geofactors indirectly show the major importance of the hydrological conditions, in particular, of precipitation and surface runoff, for the occurrence of mass movements in the study area. Model performance was checked with an independent validation set of landslides, which are not used in the model. An area of 15% of the susceptibility map, classified as highly susceptible, “predicted” 40% of the landslides.  相似文献   

Construction of a large storage for critical waste     

Volkmar Gossow 《Engineering Geology》1985,21(3-4):349-358

The paper describes the construction of a long-term storage for critical waste. The base impermeability layer consisted of natural clay, whereby an additional 130,000 m³ of clay were placed on the existing 70,000 m² clay stratum. The method of of placement and the permeability coefficients obtained are described.  相似文献   

Halite and sylvite as solid inclusions in high-grade metamorphic rocks     

Volkmar Trommsdorff  George Skippen  Peter Ulmer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1985,89(1):24-29

Solid inclusions of halite and sylvite, formed during regional and contact metamorphism have been identified by microscopy and by electron microprobe analysis in rocks from Campolungo, Switzerland and Cornone di Blumone, Italy. The solid inclusions occur in several of the major minerals crystallized during metamorphism and have been observed as idiomorphic crystals and dendrites. The compositions measured in 100 analyses from Campolungo, Switzerland and 40 analyses from Cornone di Blumone, Italy extend across the two-phase region in the system, KCl-NaCl, indicating that the salt inclusions are high temperature precipitates. In both localities compositionally zoned and unzoned crystals have been found. Measured compositions on the temperature maximum of the two-phase region indicate at least 500° C which can be compared with 500°±20° C determined by Mercolli (1982) and Walther (1983) from the Mg content of calcites from Campolungo. The solid inclusions have been trapped apart from CO₂-rich and saline, H₂O-rich fluid inclusions which have been described by Mercolli (1982) as the earliest preserved fluid inclusions in the rocks. The early precipitation of salt minerals at Campolungo indicates that fluids were saturated with NaCl and KCl at 500° C and pressures of 2,000 bars or higher. Similar relationships exist between solid and fluid inclusions in the rocks of Cornone di Blumone which formed at temperatures as high as 800° C and pressures between 0.5 and 1 kilobar (Ulmer 1983). The entrapment of halite and sylvite as solid inclusions preserves the composition of the minerals which may therefore be useful as geothermometers.  相似文献   

Die fazielle Entwicklung des Alpinen Buntsandsteins (Skyth) im Westabschnitt der Nördlichen Kalkalpen (Tirol/Salzburg, Österreich)     

Volkmar Stingl 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1987,76(2):647-664

For the first time the origin of the Alpine Buntsandstein (Scythian) in the western part of the Northern Calcarous Alps is outlined by lithofacies types and their relations. The eastern realm of Tyrol seemed to be interesting because of the transition from the terrestric-fluviatile facies of the Alpine Buntsandstein to the marine Werfen beds and the marine influence on the Alpine Buntsandstein. Lithology and sedimentary petrology enable a classification as redcoloured Lower Buntsandstein and white and grey Upper Buntsandstein. Analyses of sedimentary structures, lithofacies types and paleocurrent directions show, that most of the Lower Buntsandstein is composed of sandstones of a braided fluvial system, whose uppermost part ist replaced by sediments of a coastal plain only in the eastern part of Tyrol. Marginal marine influence is testified by sporadic occurrence of gypsum, increased carbonate content, bimodal current directions and trace fossils (Diplocraterion). Fluviatile sedimentation of the Upper Buntsandstein, starting above, is rapidly suppressed by transgression of the »Werfen Sea« from E to W, resulting in the development of estuaries, lastly being replaced by the marine Werfen beds.  相似文献   

Decadal variability on the northwest european shelf     

Jürgen Sündermann  Gerd Becker  Peter Damm  Dries van den Eynde  Alexander Frohse  Remi Laane  Wim van Leussen  Thomas Pohlmann  Wim van Raaphorst  Günther Radach  Helga Schultz  Marijke Visser 《Ocean Dynamics》1996,48(3-4):365-400

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Variability in fluxes of nutrients (N,P, Si) into the North Sea from the Atlantic Ocean and skagerrak caused by variability in water flow     

Remi W. P. M. Laane  Einar Svendsen  Günther Radach  Gerard Groeneveld  Peter Damm  Johannes PÄtsch  D. S. Danielssen  Lars FØyn  Martin Skogen  Marek Ostrowski  Kees J. M. Kramer 《Ocean Dynamics》1996,48(3-4):401-419

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Geochemistry of high-grade eclogites and metarodingites from the Central Alps     

Bernard W. Evans  Volkmar Trommsdorff  Gordon G. Goles 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1981,76(3):301-311

Analyses for major, minor, and trace element contents of metamorphosed, variably rodingitized mafic rocks demonstrate substantial removal of Na and as much as three-fold gains in Ca as a consequence of rodingitization. Modest declines in Si and Fe can be explained in terms of dilution effects. Losses in K and Ba do not correlate with Ca% and may have been caused by an alteration process not related to the rodingitization. The Ca-metasomatism was not accompanied by a gain in Sr. The relative contents of Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, Co, Sc, and heavy REE show no readily detectable changes, despite the rodingitization (±other alteration) and subsequent metamorphisms, namely, eclogite facies (T800° C, P 20kbar) followed by amphibolite facies, sillimanite zone. Protoliths were tholeiitic basalt or diabase, and gabbro, with trace element contents indicative of a spreading center origin. Trace element and REE patterns indicate low-pressure fractionation of this magma, with plagioclase stable. This petrogenesis is consistent with prior conclusions on the shallow crustal origin of the protolith of the eclogite-metarodingite-garnet lherzolite suite in the Cima Lunga-Adula nappe, Central Alps. Based on their bulk chemical composition, the mafic rocks in this suite could be the equivalent of Mesozoic ophiolitic rocks in the more external parts of the Alps.  相似文献   

Cosmic-ray-induced fission of heavy nuclides: Possible influence on apparent U-fission track ages of extraterrestrial samples     

G. Damm  K. Thiel  W. Herr 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1978,40(3):439-444

The rates of cosmic-ray-induced fission of U, Th, Bi, Pb, and Au in mineral samples as a function of burial depth in the lunar surface layer are calculated using the available experimental particle flux and cross section data. Theoretical correction factors are given for apparent fission track ages of extraterrestrial samples of different burial depths which were exposed to cosmic rays for various time fractions of their solidification age. Samples having typical lunar heavy element contents can yield apparent fission track ages which are too high by a factor of up to 13 due to cosmic-ray-induced fission. The interference may be neglected, if the ratio of exposure age to solidification age remains 5 × 10⁻³. The calculations show, that the induced fission of Bi, Pb, and Au which are known to have high meteoritic abundances may dominate spontaneous ²³⁸U-fission in long-time exposed meteorites of low U and Th contents.  相似文献