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B. V. Ivanov P. N. Svyashchennikov N. E. Ivanov V. F. Timachev L. V. Luts’ko C. -P. Nilsen T. Svene J. -B. Orbaek 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(8):564-570
The results of joint Russian-Norwegian actinometric measurements carried out in Svalbard archipelago in April 2007 according
to the program of the International Polar Year are represented. The main objective is to compare the readings of standard
Russian and foreign measuring means (M-80M pyranometer constructed by Yu.D. Yanishevskii and CMP6 pyranometer made by Kipp&Zonen
company) used to register the short-wave solar radiation in polar regions. After the statistical processing of comparative
measurement results, the constant discrepancies in the device readings are revealed and the possible reasons for these discrepancies
are analyzed. 相似文献
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Ions can speed up the formation of aerosol particles. The former studies have mainly concerned on the role of the ion charge itself. We have studied the possible (additional) role of the actual small air ion spectrum shape, and the quantitative role of ion–ion recombination pathway. By means of our ion evolution model, formation of new species (H2SO4)n(NH3)m(HNO3)k via ion–ion recombination was investigated. The model shows how the generation rate of the new species depends on the concentrations of H2SO4 and NH3, and how it depends on the tropospheric background aerosol situation. The rate can be up to a few new neutral complexes per cubic centimeter and per second. New particle generation via ion–ion recombination provides an extra channel, especially for the clean atmosphere. Former results have shown that such situations are often present in Antarctica. Our aerosol spectrum measurements reveal a number of similar non-Antarctic results. Sometimes, such situations are followed by aerosol bursts, which may be (partly) due to an ion–ion recombination channel. 相似文献
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Aare Luts 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》1998,60(18):1739-1750
The evolution of positive air ions is mathematically simulated considering 150 trace gases and more than a thousand ion-molecule reactions. The main attention is paid to the evolution of near-ground air ions in the age interval from 10 ms to 3 s where the knowledge about ion evolution is most limited. Recently, detailed experimental data about the time variation of the air ion mobility spectrum became available, and the results of mathematical simulation can be compared with the observed transformations. Unfortunately, the ion mobility measurements have not been accompanied by data about concentrations of the trace gases; therefore the mobilities can be interpreted only ambiguously. Nevertheless, the main features of the measured evolution shape of ions can be explained by the results of simulation, and the best agreement is achieved by the assumption of an enhanced concentration of either acetone or pyridine. In this case, the younger ions should be mainly ions H3O+(H2O)n, while the more aged ions should be either acetone or pyridine family clusters. 相似文献
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Aare Luts Tiia-Ene Parts Lauri Laakso Anne Hirsikko Tiia Grnholm Markku Kulmala 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):229-237
According to our previous measurements, waterfalls permanently modify air ion spectra. In this paper we performed a correlative study of these results and proposed some pathways which can produce the observed waterfall ions. The small ion composition near waterfalls should be different from that further away due to gaseous OH− core (water shell) clusters. We assumed that the combination of factors (autoionization, fluctuating charge rearrangement, surface protrusions, collisions, Coulomb explosion) serves as the main source of observed intermediate ions, and an extra source for large ions. Evaporation of droplets produces nearly equal numbers of positive and negative intermediate and large ions. Waterfall-produced intermediate ions can attach to the waterfall-produced larger particles, which creates an additional link between the waterfall intermediate and large ions. 相似文献
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