Corrosion behavior of steel in the juncture area of sea clay and sand was studied. The results show that galvanic corrosion occurred between steel samples buried in sea clay and sand, and that the polarity of the galvanic cell reversed after some testing later. The cause of reversing of polarity is discussed. 相似文献
The rate of evaporation of seawater droplets in the air-sea boundary layer can be estimated by its salinity change compared
to the sea surface salinity. A micro-chemical method based on Farlow (1954) is developed for quantitative determination of
the salinity of an individual droplet without the error due to further evaporation after sampling. A halide ion-sensitive
sampling surface is prepared by colloidally dispersing brown silver dichromate into the gelatin layer of a commercially available
film. The reaction of soluble chlorides with the silver salt leaves a clear white halo with diametera on the brown film to reveal the volume of the droplet. After the film is developed in a water vapor saturated atmosphere,
the halo grows to diameterd with the original as the embryo to indicate the quantity of chloride ion involved in the action. The ratio ofd/(a1.5) is a function of the salinity of the droplet. The method can be used to determine the salinity of seawater droplet of 10−6 to 10−10 gram. Details of the principle and preparation, and calibration of the reagent film, are presented.
Contribution No. 1708 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. The research was supported by the Chinese National
Natural Science Foundation.
The paper was prepared while the author was a visiting scholar at the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, AK-40, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA (from May to July, 1989), and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, A-030, University
of California, La Jolla, California 92093, USA (from September, 1989 to February, 1990). 相似文献
Laboratory and field tests on our newly developed embeddable reference electrode for reinforced concrete show it can be embedded
into reinforced concrete structures and be used for measuring the potentials of the rebar or other metal elements in the outer
structural part exposed to seawater. Its potential varies little with the change of Cl− concentration of the electrolyte and is stable over a time range of 260 days. The electrode can be used for monitoring corrosion
and cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures in seawater.
Contribution No. 1605 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. 相似文献
As "the third pole", the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is sensitive to climate forcing and has experienced rapid warming in recent decades. This study analyzes annual and seasonal near-surface air temperature changes on the TP in response to transient and stabilized 2.0°C/1.5°C global warming targets based on simulations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Elevation-dependent warming (EDW) with faster warming at higher elevations is predicted. A surface energy budget analysis is adopted to uncover the mechanisms responsible for the temperature changes. Our results indicate a clear amplified warming on the TP with positive EDW in 2.0°C/1.5°C warmer futures, especially in the cold season. Mean TP warming relative to the reference period (1961–90) is dominated by an enhanced downward longwave radiation flux, while the variations in surface albedo shape the detailed pattern of EDW. For the same global warming level, the temperature changes under transient scenarios are ~0.2°C higher than those under stabilized scenarios, and the characteristics of EDW are broadly similar for both scenarios. These differences can be primarily attributed to the combined effects of differential downward longwave radiation, cloud radiative forcing, and surface sensible and latent heat fluxes. These findings contribute to a more detailed understanding of regional climate on the TP in response to the long-term climate goals of the Paris Agreement and highlight the differences between transient and stabilized warming scenarios. 相似文献
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), also called the “Third pole”, is sensitive to climate change due to extensive areas at high elevation presently dominated by snow and ice. In this study, observed surface temperature trends at 150 stations over the TP during 1979–2018 are analyzed and compared with surface temperatures from multiple reanalyses (NCEP1, NCEP2, ERA-Interim, MERRA, JRA55). Observed warming at the stations has a mean annual rate of 0.46 °C/decade during 1979–2018. Although all reanalyses underestimate observed temperatures (cold bias), most reproduce much of the inter-decadal variations of surface temperature shown in the observations. Absolute errors of mean surface temperature (reanalysis minus observation) are closely correlated with elevation errors, suggesting that parts of the cold bias can be interpreted by elevation errors of reanalysis. After elevation-temperature correction, about half of the cold bias is typically eliminated, more for both ERA-Interim and JRA55. Compared with the observations, corrected NCEP2 surface temperatures still have larger cold biases, and fail to capture the overall warming over the TP. Since the elevation-temperature correction fails to improve trend magnitudes even when a significant proportion of the bias has been removed, this suggests that a more sophisticated modeling of the lapse rate in each reanalysis is required to realistically model warming trends across complex topography.