赤道西太平洋的边界层特性和通量计算     

吕乃平  李诗明  苏立荣 《海洋学报》1990,12(5):571-580

本文用中美海气联合考察3个航次的常规观测资料,分析了西太平洋赤道附近洋面上的边界层特性,平均情况下,ΔT(=T_(10)-T_s)小于-2℃,Δe(=e_(10)-e_s)近于-10hPa,近海面层的温度层结基本上呈现为不稳定层结.用层结订正后的整体输送系数方法,计算了动量通量,感热和潜热通量.在西太平洋10°N—10°S海面上,波纹比β小于0.1,潜热通量远大于感热通量,感热和潜热通量主要是从海面向大气输送.  相似文献   

ODP806井位氧同位素变化记录中轨道倾斜度和轨道偏心度同时出现     

Mull.  RA 陈玲玲 《海洋地质译丛》1997,(2):72-76

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Cloning of a chub metallothionein cDNA and development of competitive RT-PCR of chub metallothionein mRNA as a potential biomarker of heavy metal exposure   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hayes RA  Regondi S  Winter MJ  Butler PJ  Agradi E  Taylor EW  Kevin Chipman J 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):665-669

Metallothionein has been assayed in a range of aquatic animal tissues as an indicator of metal exposure. We sequenced chub (Leuciscus cephalus) metallothionein cDNA which showed over 90% homology to common carp, goldfish and stone loach and 77% homology to rainbow trout sequences for metallothionein. We then used the extended primer method to develop an accurate quantitative competitive RT-PCR assay for metallothionein mRNA. RT-PCR was used to measure metallothionein mRNA in feral chub from a range of field sites, with different levels of heavy metal pollution, in the West Midlands, UK. Measurements were complemented by analysis of liver and gill metallothionein protein by capillary electrophoresis. There was no significant difference in the metallothionein protein levels between fish of different rivers and there was no evidence of elevation of mRNA at the sites of highest metal exposure. The level of metal exposure (e.g. zinc, nickel and cadmium each ranging between 15 and 28 microg/l ) at the pH (7.5-8.5) of these rivers appears insufficient to elevate hepatic or gill metallothionein in chub. A lack of elevation of hepatic metallothionein mRNA in chub exposed to zinc, copper and manganese for 24 h and 10 days in the laboratory also suggests a non-responsiveness of this species.  相似文献   

赤道西太平洋的边界层特性和通量计算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕乃平  李诗明  苏立荣 《海洋学报》1990,12(5):571-580

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Phytoremediation of small-scale oil spills in fresh marsh environments: a mesocosm simulation     

Dowty RA  Shaffer GP  Hester MW  Childers GW  Campo FM  Greene MC 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(3):195-211

Research was conducted to assess the impact of oiling on fresh-marsh plant communities and to test the efficacy of techniques that may be used to enhance the bioremediation of crude oil spills in these environments while minimizing secondary anthropogenic impacts. To emulate field conditions, a mesocosm facility was used that houses 120 mesocosm vessels, each of 200-1 capacity. A five-way factorial treatment arrangement was used that included two substrates (inorganic, organic), two nutrient regimes (fertilized, not fertilized), two aeration levels (substrate aeration, no aeration), three oiling concentrations (0-, 5-, 10-1 m(-2) of South Louisiana Sweet Crude oil), and four vascular plant species (Alternanthera philoxeroides, Panicum hemitomon, Phragmites australis, Sagittaria lancifolia, and an unplanted control). Under the 5- and 10-1 m(-2) oiling concentrations, S. lancifolia displayed a short-term response of increased productivity, whereas P. hemitomon had the highest biomass production and photosynthetic rates at the end of the 18-month experiment. Overall plant growth and productivity, as well as oil degradation, were significantly higher in the inorganic substrate, indicating that biodegradation of oil spills in organic substrates may require a longer time period. Time-released fertilizer also stimulated plant productivity and resulted in higher soil respiratory quotients, suggestive of greater microbial activity, particularly in aerated mesocosms. The amount of oil remaining after 18 months was lowest in aerated and fertilized mesocosms containing either P. hemitomon or S. lancifolia and a substrate of low organic matter content.  相似文献   

Sediment oxygen profiles in a super-oxygenated antarctic lake     

Wharton RA  Meyer MA  McKay CP  Mancinelli RL  Simmons GM 《Limnology and oceanography》1994,39(4):839-853

Perennially ice-covered lakes are found in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. In contrast to temperate lakes that have diurnal photic periods, antarctic (and arctic) lakes have a yearly photic period. An unusual feature of the antarctic lakes is the occurrence of O2 at supersaturated levels in certain portions of the water column. Here we report the first sediment O2 profiles obtained using a microelectrode from a perennially ice-covered antarctic lake. Sediment cores collected in January and October 1987 from Lake Hoare in Taylor Valley show oxygenation down to 15, and in some cases, 25 cm. The oxygenation of sediments several centimeters below the sediment-water interface is atypical for lake sediments and may be characteristic of perennially ice-covered lakes. There is a significant difference between the observed January and October sediment O2 profiles. Several explanations may account for the difference, including seasonality. A time-dependent model is presented which tests the feasibility of a seasonal cycle resulting from the long photoperiod and benthic primary production in sediments overlain by a highly oxygenated water column.  相似文献   

Regional trends in crude birth,death, and natural increase rates in Russia and the USSR: 1897-1989     

Lewis RA  Rowland RH 《Post-Soviet geography》1995,36(10):617-643

"This paper establishes and discusses briefly regional patterns and trends in crude birth, death, and natural increase rates in Russia and the USSR from the turn of the century to 1989. The study is based on a comparable regional framework and placed in the context of the demographic transition theory. It discusses sources, collection, and quality of data, as well as necessary estimating procedures. An attempt also is made to examine briefly regional age-standardized rates."  相似文献   

我国西部高原地区近地层湍流特征的研究     

陈陟  周明煜  李诗明  钱粉兰  苏立荣  陈联寿  徐祥德 《地球物理学报》2002,45(Z1):93-105

通过对青藏高原第二次大气科学试验(TIPEX)得到的当雄湍流资料的分析,讨论了青藏高原地区的近地层湍流特征.结果显示:速度分量、温度和湿度谱大多满足相似理论的-2/3次方律;高原上无因次垂直速度方差在中性时与前人在平原地区得到的结果比较接近,但高原上无因次水平风速方差值大于平原地区值.在强不稳定层结时,高原观测结果显示无因次垂直速度方差和无因次水平风速方差符合-1/3次方规律.在稳定层结时,风速三个分量的方差都随稳定度z/L的增大有所增大.无因次温度和湿度方差在强不稳定条件下服从-1/3次方规率.稳定条件下无因次温度方差随z/L略有下降趋势,而后趋于常数,无因次湿度方差无明显的规律.在干季以感热通量为主要地面热源,湿季两者贡献相当,潜热通量略大于感热通量.得出了不稳定层结、稳定层结情况下高原的无因次温度结构参数和湿度结构参数与z/L之间的关系,得到了中性层结时整体输送系数的实测结果.  相似文献   

微量物质对海洋的大气输入     

Duce  RA 李诗明 《气象科技》1997,(1):9-19

在过去的十年中，显而易见，大气是许多自然物质和污染物从大陆输送到海洋的重要途径。这些物质的大气输入对海洋生物过程和海洋化学循环有正或负的影响。例如：很明显，大气是许多区域的重要营养成分如铁，氮等的重要输送途径。在本报告中，我们评价了这些地区的期的数据，发展向海洋的微量元素，矿物气溶胶，含氮物质合成有机物的大气通量的全球范围的估算值；比较了这些物质通过大气和河流输入的海洋比率。  相似文献   

微量物质对海洋的大气输入(续二)     

Ｒ．Ａ．Ｄｕｃｅ  李诗明 《气象科技》1997,(3)

微量物质对海洋的大气输入（续二）Ｒ．Ａ．Ｄｕｃｅ等５．５总结与讨论按１０°×１０°区域估算了全球海洋各含氮物质的大气输入。为了确定计算的可靠性，从特定１０°×１０°区域估算得到的通量首先与该区域的测量值相比较。在下一部分中，我们将介绍特定海盆和全球海...  相似文献