Water in India with reference to agriculture and population: some issues and patterns —dynamic approaches needed for development     

Roy BK 《GeoJournal》1990,20(3):271-284

In this paper an attempt is made to present some facets of status of water for agriculture and population in India. The issues are basic in nature which have been focused by scholars all over time and again. The materials are gathered from various sources to highlight and to consider a plea in the context of population-hydrological regions of the country to develop water potentials. Some characteristic mapping has also been conducted showing the main parameters of water utilization, need and spatial issues regarding consumptive use of water during agricultural operations as per the seasons prevalent in India. A relation is also established with the drought areas leading to assess the need for water. The human problems specially in relation to the safe drinking water is also projected in relation to distributional qualities with reference to natural regions by districts. The study does not claim a full assessment of the water issue due to paucity of statistics on water use, generation and potentials but it does indicate in many ways the geographical problems as an important study for further research by all concerned.  相似文献   

概率地震危险性分析中参数不确定性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

潘华 《国际地震动态》2002,(2):16-17

本文宗旨是探讨概率地震危险性分析方法中主要地震活动性参数的不确定性及其影响。为此 ,重点研究了地震统计区划分中的不确定性及其影响、地震统计区参数 b值的不确定性及其影响 ,以及空间分布函数对地震活动性参数导致的不确定性的影响。文中指出 ,地震统计区概念是考虑时空不均匀性的概率地震危险性分析方法中特有的概念 ,是对概率地震危险性分析方法在考虑地震活动空间分布不均匀性方面的发展。虽然它源于我国的地震带划分概念 ,但是 ,却明显区别于地震带。文中强调了地震带划分是地震孕育发生环境研究的重要基础 ,而地震统计区仅只服务…  相似文献   

地震统计区划分不确定性对场点地震危险性计算的影响     

潘华  黄玮琼 《国际地震动态》2004,(Z1):8

地震统计区是考虑时空不均匀性的概率地震危险性分析方法特有的概念,是确定地震活动性统计规律的基本统计单元.由于地震统计区在概念以及划分原则上存在较大的认识不确定性,因此,对场点地震危险性分析结果会产生不可忽视的影响.本研究的目的就是通过分析得到对这种影响的相对明晰的量化认识,以利于实际工作参考.  相似文献   

Study on the correlativity of earthquakes impact on cities     

潘华  赵凤新  高孟潭 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(3):362-365

Introduction With rapid development and advancement of economy and society, lots of city groups or city belts with ex-tra-large cities as their centers have been formed in China. The regions these city groups lie in usually have well-developed economy, dense population, and are regional politics and culture centers. Some groups lie in the regions with high level of earthquake activity, such as the Surrounding Capital City Group with the centers of Bei-jing and Tianjin. Once a large earthqua…  相似文献   

城市地震影响特征研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

潘华  赵凤新  高孟潭 《地震学报》2004,26(2):203-210

首先根据历史地震目录，计算了我国34个省会城市所受到的历史地震影响. 这些城市的地震影响烈度分布特征表明，约53%的省会城市没有遭受过Ⅵ度以上的历史地震影响，遭受过Ⅶ~Ⅸ度影响的城市有44%；大部分城市Ⅵ度地震影响的发生频次均高于Ⅵ度以上地震影响；不同城市最大发生频次的地震影响烈度也不同. 为此，在确定城市地震防御烈度时，需综合考虑最大影响烈度和最频影响烈度. 本文还考虑到历史地震记录的不完备性，以福建省69个县级以上城市为研究对象，采用模拟地震目录的方法来研究城市地震影响的特征. 结果表明，不同超越概率水平下城市地震影响烈度在不同城市之间表现出较大变化，以50年超越概率2%作为城市特征地震影响烈度，可以作为城市地震防御烈度确定的依据，并据此对城市未来地震影响进行合理的描述.   相似文献   

三维混合单元溶质运移模型及其应用     

Rao  BK 陈南春 《水文地质工程地质译丛》1991,(1):1-9

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由断层段之间相互力学作用导致的地震危险性     

Corn.  CA 潘华 《世界地震译丛》1994,(4):24-31

本文提出了一个考虑断层段之间物理上相互作用的地震复发过程的唯象学随机模型。在某一段上的滑动，可能会缩短（或延长）另一段上现在到性发生下一次事件的时间，或许也可能导致在该段上立即发生滑动。该模型的总体特性首先是通过模拟来观察；即使在随机性很小的情况，也能观察到时间和空间的无序现象。为了估计这种相互作用的程序，我们从三维弹性位错分析的结果中导出一些因子，它们将事件引起的应力变化与下次事件到达时间的变化  相似文献   

An evaluation of marine bird population trends following the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska     

Lance BK  Irons DB  Kendall SJ  McDonald LL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,42(4):298-309

We examined post-spill trends (1989-1998) of marine bird populations in Prince William Sound (PWS) following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) to evaluate recovery of injured taxa. Two criteria were employed. First, we examined population trends of injured taxa only in the oiled area of PWS using regression models. Second, we examined population trends of injured taxa in the oiled area relative to the unoiled area using homogeneity of the slopes tests. We considered a population recovering if there was a positive trend using either criteria. We considered a population not recovering if there was no trend using either criteria or a negative trend in the oiled area. A significant negative trend in the oiled area relative to the unoiled area was considered a continuing and increasing effect. Most taxa for which injury was previously demonstrated were not recovering and some taxa showed evidence of increasing effects nine years after the oil spill. Four taxa (loons Gavia spp, Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus, Bufflehead Bucephala spp, and North-western Crow Corvus caurinus) showed weak to very weak evidence of recovery. None of these taxa showed positive trends in both winter and summer. Nine taxa (grebes Podiceps spp, cormorants Phalacrocorax spp, Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani, Mew Gull Larus canus, Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens, terns Sterna spp, murres Uria spp, Pigeon Guillemot Cepphus columba, and murrelets Brachyramphus spp) showed no evidence of recovery during summer or winter. Four taxa (scoters Melanitta spp, mergansers Mergus spp, goldeneyes Bucephala spp, and Black-legged Kittiwaka Rissa tridactyla) showed evidence of continuing, increasing effects. We showed evidence of slow recovery, lack of recovery, and divergent population trends in many taxa which utilize shoreline and nearshore habitats where oil is likely to persist. Potential lingering spill effects and natural variability appear to be acting in concert in delaying recovery of many PWS bird populations.  相似文献   

中小震近场地震动估计中地震动衰减关系的适用性分析   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

李小军  阎秀杰  潘华 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(1):1-7

核工程场地设计基准地震动确定中涉及弥散地震的地震动估计，这导致中小震近场地震动估计成为被关注的研究课题。本文基于一些中小震近场地震动记录资料，分析和探讨了国内外多种地震动衰减关系对中小震近场地震动估计的适用性问题，并结合我国几个核工程地震问题研究工作的实践对中小震近场地震动衰减关系确定的思路和原则提出了建议。  相似文献   

评定设计基准地震动的地震构造法          下载免费PDF全文

潘华  鄢家全 《地震地质》1993,15(4):347-352

阐述了核电厂选址工作中,确定设计基准地震动的“地震构造法”的构成及其基本原则,就其在国际原子能机构(IAEA)颁布的新旧两版“核安全导则”(1979年版、1991年版)中的异同进行了对比分析,并探讨了“地震构造法”在实际工作中存在的问题,以及对它的改进  相似文献