Impacts of Present and Future Climate Variability on Agriculture and Forestry in the Temperate Regions: Europe   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gianpiero Maracchi  Oleg Sirotenko  Marco Bindi 《Climatic change》2005,70(1-2):117-135

Agriculture and forestry will be particularly sensitive to changes in mean climate and climate variability in the northern and southern regions of Europe. Agriculture may be positively affected by climate change in the northern areas through the introduction of new crop species and varieties, higher crop production and expansion of suitable areas for crop cultivation. The disadvantages may be determined by an increase in need for plant protection, risk of nutrient leaching and accelerated breakdown of soil organic matter. In the southern areas the benefits of the projected climate change will be limited, while the disadvantages will be predominant. The increased water use efficiency caused by increasing CO₂ will compensate for some of the negative effects of increasing water limitation and extreme weather events, but lower harvestable yields, higher yield variability and reduction in suitable areas of traditional crops are expected for these areas. Forestry in the Mediterranean region may be mainly affected by increases in drought and forest fires. In northern Europe, the increased precipitation is expected to be large enough to compensate for the increased evapotranspiration. On the other hand, however, increased precipitation, cloudiness and rain days and the reduced duration of snow cover and soil frost may negatively affect forest work and timber logging determining lower profitability of forest production and a decrease in recreational possibilities. Adaptation management strategies should be introduced, as effective tools, to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on agricultural and forestry sectors.  相似文献   

Chromium solubility in MgSiO3 ilmenite at high pressure     

Luca Bindi  Ekaterina A. Sirotkina  Andrey V. Bobrov  Tetsuo Irifune 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(7):519-526

The crystal structure and chemical composition of crystals of (Mg_1?x Cr _x )(Si_1?x Cr _x )O₃ ilmenite (with x = 0.015, 0.023 and 0.038) synthesized in the model system Mg₃Cr₂Si₃O₁₂–Mg₄Si₄O₁₂ at 18–19 GPa and 1,600 °C have been investigated. Chromium was found as substitute for both Mg at the octahedral X site and Si at the octahedral Y site, according to the reaction Mg²⁺ + Si⁴⁺ = 2Cr³⁺. Such substitutions cause a shortening of the <X–O> and a lengthening of the <Y–O> distances with respect to the values typically observed for pure MgSiO₃ ilmenite and eskolaite Cr₂O₃. Although no high Cr contents are considered in the pyrolite model, Cr-bearing ilmenite may be the host for chromium in the Earth’s transition zone. The successful synthesis of ilmenite with high Cr contents and its structural characterization are of key importance because the study of its thermodynamic constants combined with the data on phase relations in the lower-mantle systems can help in the understanding of the seismic velocity and density profiles of the transition zone and the constraining composition and mineralogy of pyrolite in this area of the Earth.  相似文献   

X-ray single-crystal and Raman study of knorringite,Mg3(Cr1.58Mg0.21Si0.21)Si3O12, synthesized at 16 GPa and 1,600 °C     

Elena A. Bykova  Andrey V. Bobrov  Ekaterina A. Sirotkina  Luca Bindi  Sergey V. Ovsyannikov  Leonid S. Dubrovinsky  Yuriy A. Litvin 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(4):267-272

The crystal structure of a knorringite-type compound, Mg₃(Cr_1.58Mg_0.21Si_0.21)Si₃O₁₂, synthesized in a multi-anvil press at P = 16 GPa and T = 1,600 °C, was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data up to R = 2.36 % for 314 independent reflections. Garnet was found to be cubic and have space group Ia $\overline{3}$ d, with the unit cell parameters a = 11.5718 (1) Å, V = 1,549.54 (2) Å³. The knorringite crystal studied contains 21 mol% of majorite end-member. The structural characterization of knorringitic garnet is important because the study of its thermodynamic constants provides new constraints on thermobarometry of peridotitic garnet assemblages of the lowermost upper mantle. The Raman spectra of synthetic knorringite have been obtained for the first time.  相似文献   

土地招拍挂流标流拍成因及对策          下载免费PDF全文

邢宾第 《山东国土资源》2006,22(6):40-41

近年来，土地出让招、拍、挂方式的施行，为广大用地者提供一个公开、公平、公正的竞争环境，活跃了土地市场，完善了土地出让制度。但一些地方在招拍挂过程中，流标、流拍现象时有发生，既浪费了人力、财力，也一定程度上扰乱了土地市场的正常运行。  相似文献   

Profiles of the H and K lines of CaII in disk flares     

J. Mckim Malville  Einar Tandberg-Hanssen  Dino Zei 《Solar physics》1969,7(2):253-259

The profiles of the resonance lines of Caii have been studied in two large disk flares and in the surrounding plage. In the brightest portions of the flares no self-reversal in the central emission core was detected; self-reversed cores were present in the less bright portions of the flares. We find that as the intensity of the emission core increases the separation of the H₂ and K₂ peaks decreases monotonically, becoming unobservable at intensities near to 0.90 the local continuum. Possible reasons for the behavior of the H and K lines in flares are considered. It is suggested that the largest density enhancements in flares are found near the strongest magnetic field.  相似文献   

Source parameters of small events using constrained deconvolution with empirical Green's functions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

V. Lanza  D. Spallarossa  M. Cattaneo  D. Bindi  & P. Augliera 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(3):651-662

  相似文献   

Gully head modelling: A Mediterranean badland case study          下载免费PDF全文

Dino Torri  Jean Poesen  Mauro Rossi  Valerio Amici  Daniele Spennacchi  Cati Cremer 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(12):2547-2561

Predicting the location of gully heads in various environments is an important step towards predicting gully erosion rates. So far, field data collection and modelling of topographic thresholds for gully head development has mainly focused on gullies that formed in forested areas, rangelands, pastures and cropland. Such information for gullies in badlands however is very scarce. Therefore, this paper aims to extend the database on gully head topographical thresholds through data collection in a badland area and to improve the prediction of gully heads forming at sites with a very low erosion resistance value. For this, we chose a badland site located in central Italy that is characterized by biancana forms and both active and dormant gullies. The definition of the conditions under which present‐day gully heads developed allowed a better modelling of the gully head threshold equation, with modification of a previous model and the exemplification of how to use the updated model. The model shows that the resistance to gully head retreat depends on slope gradient and drainage area at gully heads, land use at the moment of gully development (as numerically expressed using parameters derived from the Runoff Curve Number method), surface rock fragment cover, presence of joints, pipes, and factors/processes affecting detachment rate. This study attempted to better understand environmental conditions that control the development of gully heads in badlands through a combination of field data collection of gully heads, an analysis of land use changes over 10 centuries, focusing on the period 1820–2005, and land use management through repeat photography and a critical examination of historical documents. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

The probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Germany—version 2016, considering the range of epistemic uncertainties and aleatory variability     

Gottfried Grünthal  Dietrich Stromeyer  Christian Bosse  Fabrice Cotton  Dino Bindi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(10):4339-4395

The basic seismic load parameters for the upcoming national design regulation for DIN EN 1998-1/NA result from the reassessment of the seismic hazard supported by the German Institution for Civil Engineering (DIBt). This 2016 version of the national seismic hazard assessment for Germany is based on a comprehensive involvement of all accessible uncertainties in models and parameters and includes the provision of a rational framework for integrating ranges of epistemic uncertainties and aleatory variabilities in a comprehensive and transparent way. The developed seismic hazard model incorporates significant improvements over previous versions. It is based on updated and extended databases, it includes robust methods to evolve sets of models representing epistemic uncertainties, and a selection of the latest generation of ground motion prediction equations. The new earthquake model is presented here, which consists of a logic tree with 4040 end branches and essential innovations employed for a realistic approach. The output specifications were designed according to the user oriented needs as suggested by two review teams supervising the entire project. Seismic load parameters, for rock conditions of \(v_{S30}\) = 800 m/s, are calculated for three hazard levels (10, 5 and 2% probability of occurrence or exceedance within 50 years) and delivered in the form of uniform hazard spectra, within the spectral period range 0.02–3 s, and seismic hazard maps for peak ground acceleration, spectral response accelerations and for macroseismic intensities. Results are supplied as the mean, the median and the 84th percentile. A broad analysis of resulting uncertainties of calculated seismic load parameters is included. The stability of the hazard maps with respect to previous versions and the cross-border comparison is emphasized.  相似文献   

农村居民点用地管理中存在的问题及对策探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

邢宾第  袁美训  刘娟 《山东国土资源》2005,21(5):20-22

农村居民点用地管理,一直是土地管理的一个薄弱环节。笔者在县、乡两级土地管理部门从事农村居民点用地管理17年,深知农村居民点用地管理的意义并不限于保护耕地;它是满足农村居民基本居住需求的一道关口,关系广大农村地区的社会稳定,是涉及农民个人利益和集体利益、眼前利益和长远利益的一个重要结合点。在全国上下关注“三农”问题的形势下,搞好农村宅基地管理,更有着深刻的现实意义。现就农村居民点用地管理中存在的问题及对策做一探讨。  相似文献   

Pan-European ground-motion prediction equations for the average horizontal component of PGA,PGV, and 5 %-damped PSA at spectral periods up to 3.0 s using the RESORCE dataset   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

D. Bindi  M. Massa  L. Luzi  G. Ameri  F. Pacor  R. Puglia  P. Augliera 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(1):391-430

This article presents a set of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for Europe and the Middle East, derived from the RESORCE strong motion data bank, following a standard regression approach. The parametric GMPEs are derived for the peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5 %-damped pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra computed over 23 periods between 0.02 and 3 s, considering the average horizontal-component ground-motions. The GMPEs are valid for distances less than 300 km, hypocentral depth up to 35 km and over the magnitude range 4–7.6. Two metrics for the source-to-station distance (i.e. Joyner-Boore and hypocentral) are considered. The selected dataset is composed by 2,126 recordings (at a period of 0.1 s) related to 365 earthquakes, that includes strong-motion data from 697 stations.The EC8 soil classification (four classes from A to D) discriminates recording sites and four classes (normal, reverse, strike-slip, and unspecified) describe the style of faulting. A subset which contains only stations with measured Vs30 and earthquakes with specified focal mechanism (1,224 records from 345 stations and 255 earthquakes) is used to test of the accuracy of the median prediction and the variability associated to the broader data set. A random effect regression scheme is applied and bootstrap analyses are performed to estimate the 95 % confidence levels for the parameters. The total standard deviation sigma is decomposed into between-events and within-event components, and the site-to-site component is evaluated as well. The results show that the largest contribution to the total sigma is coming from the within-event component. When analyzing the residual distributions, no significant trends are observed that can be ascribed to the earthquake type (mainshock-aftershock classification) or to the non-linear site effects. The proposed GMPEs have lower median values than global models at short periods and large distances, while are consistent with global models at long periods $(\hbox {T} > 1)$  s. Consistency is found with two regional models developed for Turkey and Italy, as the considered dataset is dominated by waveforms recorded in these regions.  相似文献