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ABSTRACT The accurate representation of the Earth’s surface plays a vital role in soil erosion modelling. Topography is parameterized in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Revised USLE (RUSLE) by the topographic (LS) factor. For slope gradients of < 20%, soil loss values are similar for both models, but when the gradient is increased, RUSLE estimates are only half of those of USLE. The study aims to assess the validity of this statement for complex hillslope profiles. To that end, both models were applied at eight diverse mountainous sub-watersheds. The USLE and RUSLE indices were estimated utilizing the SEAGIS model and a European dataset, respectively. LS factors were in a 3:1 ratio (i.e. USLE:RUSLE) considering the entire basin area. For areas with slopes <20%, gross erosion estimates of both models converged. Sites of strong relief (>20%) USLE yielded significantly higher values than RUSLE. 相似文献
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Th. Rondoyanni E. Lykoudi A. Triantafyllou M. Papadimitriou I. Foteinos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(4):1151-1170
Siting linear engineering projects on or near active faults is usually inevitable in areas of intense seismotectonic activity, such as Greece. To confidently site and mitigate fault rupturing associated hazards, the design and construction of these projects requires knowledge of exact location of active fault traces as well as determination of their characteristics. Detailed investigations of the geological structures were performed along the 500 km-long Athens-Thessaloniki route in mainland Greece, particularly of the potential for surface faulting across or in the vicinity of the most important transportation facilities and lifelines (highway, railway and natural gas pipeline). The identified faults were evaluated and classified as seismic, active and potentially active, on the basis of geologic and geomorphologic evidences of repeated displacements throughout the Quaternary, as well as on the basis of macroseismic data. The map of active faults was compiled, while the magnitude of possible surface displacements along these faults in case of seismic reactivation was estimated. The dominant faults in the study zone are exclusively of normal or oblique-slip character, striking E–W and acting under N–S oriented extensional stresses. It is estimated that many of the numerous active faults which are crossing the Athens-Thessaloniki route and the other linear lifelines are capable of causing a seismic surface displacement up to about 1 m. 相似文献
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Comparative analysis of sediment yield estimations using different empirical soil erosion models 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The study aims to evaluate the performance of different empirical soil erosion models (EPM, USLE, Koutsoyiannis and Tarla, RUSLE) in mountainous Mediterranean-type catchments. The study area comprises the Arachthos, Kalamas, Upper Acheloos and Venetikos river basins, located in northwestern Greece. The methodology followed includes both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The former refers to the specific attributes of the models and the latter to the estimated sediment yield results. The results were initially validated against observed sediment yield values. The ambiguous reliability of such measurements led to their replacement by simulated ones, estimated using the sediment rating curve methodology. In the latter analysis, the models performed better, with more accurate results. Overall, the RUSLE corresponded best to such basins. Finally, the performance of seven empirical equations (Syvitski, Avendano Salas et al., Dendy and Bolton, Lu et al., Webb and Griffiths, Zarris et al.) was assessed, yielding relatively poor results. 相似文献
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