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1.
Zeng Fanjiang Zhang Ximing Foetzki A. Li Xiangyi Li Xiaoming Runge M. 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2002,45(1):125-131
Water relation characteristics of the desert legumeAlhagi sparsifolia were investigated during the vegetation period from April to September 1999 in the foreland of Qira oasis at the southern fringe of the Taklamakan Desert, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The seasonal variation of predawn water potentials and of diurnal water potential indicated thatAlhagi plants were well water supplied over the entire vegetation period. Decreasing values in the summer months were probably attributed to increasing temperatures and irradiation and therefore a higher evapotranspirative demand. Data from pressure-volume analysis confirmed thatAlhagi plants were not drought stressed and xylem sap flow measurements indicated thatAlhagi plants used large amounts of water during the summer months. Flood irrigation had no influence on water relations inAlhagi probably becauseAlhagi plants produced only few fine roots in the upper soil layers. The data indicate thatAlhagi sparsifolia is a drought-avoiding species that utilizes ground water by a deep roots system, which is the key characteristic to adjust the hyper-arid environment. Because growth and survival ofAlhagi depends on ground water supply, it is important that variations of ground water depth are kept to a minimum. The study will provide a theoretical basis for the restoration and management of natural vegetation around oasis in arid regions.
相似文献2.
根、冠构型差异是植物研究中容易被忽视的环节,但其在植物适应环境的过程中扮演着重要角色。对不同林龄多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)根、冠构型参数的调查研究表明:(1)不同林龄多枝柽柳冠层构型有较大的差异,幼年阶段多枝柽柳小枝分枝率和一级分支长度较小,各级分支直径较大,体现了其适应强风、干旱环境的可塑性变化;(2)随着林龄的增加,多枝柽柳分支率、根系连接长度、各级根系长度和直径明显增加,说明不同生长阶段多枝柽柳通过权衡碳消耗和碳分配采取不同的干旱适应策略,进而导致不同生长阶段干旱适应能力的差异;(3)不同林龄多枝柽柳根系拓扑结构参数无明显差异,均接近鲱鱼骨状分布,但根系连接长度差异显著,体现了其干旱适应能力的差异。 相似文献
3.
Soil moisture and its variations are key factors for understanding hydrological processes, which are characterized by a high temporal variability at different scales. The study was conducted at three field stations in the desert regions of northwestern China, where soil moisture measurements with gravimetric method were used to characterize the temporal stability of soil moisture using various statistical parameters and an index of temporal stability (ITS). The soils are a gray–brown desert soil at the Linze station, an aeolian sandy soil at the Fukang station, and a brown desert soil at the Cele station. Soil textures are accordingly sandy loam at Linze and Cele, and loamy sand at Fukang. The dynamic variation in soil moisture depends strongly on the rainfall pattern (amount and frequency) in these desert ecosystems. Soil moisture content is low and significantly different among the three desert ecosystems, with the maximum at the Linze station (6.61 ± 2.08 %), followed by the Cele (4.83 ± 0.81 %) and Fukang (3.46 ± 0.47 %) stations. The temporal pattern exhibits high variability because soil moisture is characterized by low temporal stability and a high coefficient of variation (CV). The standard deviation, CV, and ITS increase significantly with increasing soil moisture. Soil moisture displays a skewed frequency distribution that follows a logarithmic function at lower soil moisture but a log-normal distribution at higher values. 相似文献
4.
基于策勒国家野外站长期监测与研究成果,以塔里木盆地南缘绿洲可持续发展为主题,总结分析指出,当前绿洲可持续发展的核心还是以水资源为主线的绿洲适宜规模开发。在认识论层面,需要对绿洲化进行再认识,强调荒漠化与绿洲化的本质统一,即在极端干旱背景下,荒漠化或风沙危害加剧的深层原因还是绿洲"入侵"的不合理性。在方法论层面,需要重视绿洲规模不确定性的本质特征,并在充分考虑自然与社会各模块基础上,提出绿洲适宜规模不确定性的概念模型。最后,强调多学科交叉、长期监测网络在绿洲研究中的重要性。总之,解决新疆极端干旱背景下风沙危害治理、实现绿洲生态稳定与可持续发展的核心问题是探寻绿洲与荒漠共存的平衡点(阈),进而对绿洲持续利用与保护提供理论依据和决策支持 相似文献
5.
阐述高等工程专科测绘专业教师的基本条件,介绍测绘工程系师资队伍的现状,师资队伍建设的方法及取得的成绩,指出了今后的努力方向。 相似文献
6.
MAO Donglei LEI Jiaqiang ZENG Fanjiang RAHMUTULLA Zaynulla WANG Cui ZHOU Jie 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,(6):658-673
The oasis-desert ecotone is a fragile ecological zone that is affected both by oasis and desert conditions. To understand the impact of the differences in wind power, and the influence of wind erosion and deposition on the ecotone, meteorological data and con- temporaneous wind erosion and deposition data were collected on the southern margin of Tarim Basin with serious sand-blown hazards. The wind velocity, average wind velocity, sand drift potential （DP）, resultant sand drift potential （RDP）, and sand transportation rate decrease significantly and successively across four landscape types with increasing vegetation coverage （VC）. Flat surfaces and areas of shifting sandy ground experience intense wind erosion with fast movement of mobile sand dunes; semi-fixed sand areas experience ex- tensive wind deposition but only slight wind erosion; and fixed sand areas experience only slight wind erosion and deposition. Volume of wind erosion on bare newly reclaimed farmland is up to 6.96 times that of bare shifting sandy ground. Wind erosion volume per unit area and VC follow an exponential function relationship in natural conditions, while wind deposition volume per unit area does not conform to any functions which has close relationship with vary topography and arrangement patterns of vegetation besides for VC. The results indicate that the volume of wind erosion has a close correlation with VC, and different types and distribution patterns of topog- raphy and vegetation also profoundly influence the wind deposition volume in the field, and underground water tables in different land- scape types control the plant community distribution. Keywords： wind erosion; wind deposition; oasis-desert ecotone; vegetation coverage （VC）; topography; Cele County 相似文献
7.
采用野外试验,研究了灌溉量对新疆策勒绿洲木沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）和花棒（Hedysarum scoparium）光合特性和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：（1） 随着灌溉量的增加,沙拐枣和花棒的净光合速率均增加,但是蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度没有明显增加;（2） 灌溉增加了沙拐枣的清晨水势和正午水势,并且只有灌溉和无灌溉处理的正午水势差异显著（p<0.05）;而灌溉只增加了花棒的清晨水势,并且只有充分灌溉和无灌溉的条件下差异显著（p<0.05）;（3） 在不同的灌溉条件下,沙拐枣和花棒的稳定碳同位素比率δ13C变化不大,沙拐枣在无灌溉、适度灌溉、充分灌溉下δ13C的平均值分别为-12.267、-12.147、-11.958,花棒的δ13C分别为-27.928、-28.068、-27.166;（4） 沙拐枣和花棒的水分利用效率均在无灌溉条件下明显高于灌溉条件下,而且一次性的灌溉不会改变其水分利用效率。 相似文献
8.
新疆南疆地区是扬沙浮尘的主要高发区,风沙对当地生产生活影响严重。为揭示当地风沙天气变化特征并预测未来变化趋势,通过小波分解方法,将塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的策勒沙漠 绿洲过渡带2008—2016年沙尘天气发生时序分解为平稳性波动项和非线性趋势项,根据两项数据的特性,针对性选取自回归(AR)模型和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)进行变化趋势预测,最后利用加法原则重构实现沙尘天气发生日数时序预测。结果表明：研究区沙尘天气发生属于典型的春夏型,主要集中在3—9月,峰值出现在5月。组合模型预测值与实测值基本吻合,具有较高的预测精度（绝对误差为4.00 d, 均方根误差为3.76 d）,同时,其结果与AR模型、LSSVM模型预测结果相比较也显示出一定的优越性（组合模型相关系数相比AR、LSSVM分别提高了0.12、0.31）,具有较好的应用前景,可为研究区预防风沙灾害及指导实际生产生活提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
潜水埋深对疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifoli)幼苗生长和叶片形态的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了潜水埋深(40、80、120、180、220cm)处理对一年生疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifoli)幼苗生长和叶片形态的影响。结果表明:随着潜水埋深的增加,疏叶骆驼刺幼苗叶片厚度逐渐增加,叶片厚度在220cm埋深下最大,长度和宽度在120cm埋深下最大,且叶片长度呈优先减小的趋势;潜水埋深变化对疏叶骆驼刺株高生长影响不大,但对冠幅和分枝数的生长影响显著(p0.05);除40cm埋深处理中根系以平均1.24cm·d-1的速率扎入地下水层外,其他4个处理根系生长速率随潜水埋深的增加而增加,且180cm和220cm埋深下根系生长速率明显高于其他3个处理;根系到达220cm潜水埋深的时间为123d;幼苗生物量积累随着潜水埋深变化先增加后减小,茎叶生物量在120cm埋深处理中达到最大值,而根系生物量在180cm埋深下最大。潜水埋深变化对疏叶骆驼刺地上部分和根系生长的影响不同,潜水埋深增加有利于根系生长和根系生物量增加;以120cm为拐点,潜水埋深过浅或过深都会抑制地上部分生长;220cm潜水埋深条件下,疏叶骆驼刺生长缓慢且生物量的累积最小,表明若潜水埋深大于220cm则对幼苗生长不利。 相似文献
10.
Characteristics of Meteorological Factors over Different Landscape Types During Dust Storm Events in Cele, Xinjiang, China 
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下载免费PDF全文 MAO Donglei LEI Jiaqiang LI Shengyu ZENG Fanjiang WANG Cui ZHOU Jie 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):576-591
Landscape characteristics influence meteorological factors, thus affect the occurrence and nature of dust storm events. The present study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of six meteorological factors (wind velocity, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity (RH), photo synthetically active radiation (PAR), and solar radiation) over different landscape types (shifting-sand frontier, semi-fixed sandy land, fixed sandy land, and the inner region of an oasis) before and after dust storms during four typical dust storm events in an oasis-desert ecotone in Cele, Xinjiang, China. The results show that the average wind velocity decreased significantly from the shifting-sand frontier to the inner oasis, which was mainly attributable to the vegetation coverage. Before the dust storm events, there were obvious differences in air temperature and RH either in the horizontal or vertical direction over the different landscape types. However, these factors were very similar during and following the dust storm events. PAR and solar radiation were significantly reduced during the dust storm events and the subsequent sand-blowing and floating-dust conditions. This effect was much stronger than during similar weather conditions without dust storm events such as sand-blowing and overcast and/or rainy days. Additionally, the variation in the meteorological factors among the different landscapes was also affected by the prevailing wind direction during the dust storm events. However, the landscape type slightly changed the prevailing wind direction, with the greatest dispersion distribution of wind direction in the inner oasis. The findings of this study are helpful for understanding the function of landscape types in the occurrence of dust storms, as well as for providing a theoretical basis for prevention of dust storms. 相似文献